US1692442A - High-pbesstjbe steam boileb - Google Patents

Description

Nov. 20, 1928. 1,692,442

(3. G. HAWLEY HIGH PRESSURE STEAM BOILER Filed March 15, 1924 2 sneis-sheet 1 flu/01175022 Nov. 20, 1928. 1,692,442

c. G. HAWLEY HIGH PRESSURE STEAM BOILER Filed March 15,v 1924 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 OOOOOOQOOOGOGOQOOOO 00000000 WWW Inventer' Patented Nov. 20, 1928.

UNITED STATES CHARLES GILBERT HAWLEY, OF GHIGAGO, ILLINOIS.

HIGH-PRESSURE STEAM BOILER.

Application filed March 15, 1924. Serial No. 699,582.

This invention relates to steam boilers and their furnaces, and more particularly to that type of boiler in which due regard is given to proper relationship and proportions be tween the heat absorbing surfaces and elcments and the fire in such manner as to secure maximum etficiency with boiler elements of minimum size. These results are obtained by the provision of a minor extent of heat absorbing circulating elements so proportioned and disposed as to take advantage of the radiant heat of the flames of a long flaming fire and permit such flames to rise to substan tially full or natural maturity, or without suppression to develop the maximum radiant heat efliect, together with a major extent of heat absorbing elements so positioned and proportioned as to be capable of economically absorbing or accepting substantially all of the radiant heat from the residual gases leaving the chamber in which the radiant heat is obtained and thereby causing the waste gases to enter the stack at as near steam temperature as desired.

A number of forms of boiler for producing the eliects thus briefly described are shown and described in my prior patent for steam boilers, No. 1,486,888 granted March 18, 19%, to which reference may be had for a more complete description and discussion it necessary. For the purposes out this application it is sufficient to say that the results of the invention may be obtained in practically any form or type of boiler, so long as its heatv absorbing circulating elements are properly proportioned and positioned with reference to the fire and flames.

The present application has particular relation to a boiler ot' steepled form, in which the heat absorbing circulating tubes of major extent for absorbing the convected heat are superposed upon or lie above the chamber in which the radiant heat is most efliciently developed and transmitted to the heat absorbing circulating elements of minor extent, and which boiler may also conveniently be built in sectional form, with improved header members of simple and etlicient design and of a size convenient for transportation and erection purposes. The boiler also is well adapted for efiicient firing and does away with any necessity of large heavy drums such as are usually necessary on high pressure steam boilers, and on the contrary may embody relatively small drums and other heat absorbing elements and still develop the necessary high pressures to meet the modern trend of boiler practice. he arrangement of the heat absorbing circulating tubes is convenient for erection, renewal and repair purposes or for insertion, removal or repair or arches or baflie walls and also provides the necessary available space for super-heater elements, where such are used. In addition the circulating elements are so disposed and arranged as to provide for rapid separation of steam with violent coursing of the water over the surfaces with which it contacts to fully pro tect the same, all within a minimum of space and with maximum steaming capacity for the surface area, number and weight of tubes and other boiler elements utilized.

In the drawings, Fig. 1 represents a sectional elevation on the line 1-1, Fig. 2, through one form of boiler embodying the invention; Fig. 2 is a sectional elevation on the line 2-2, Fig. 1; and Fig. 8 is a sectional plan view on the line 83, Fig. 2.

The embodiment of the invention which is shown in the drawings, is a high pressure steam boiler oi large size and great capacity, intended for use above a furnace of maximum capacity, for the development of large volumes of steam at the high pressures now called for, and at properly reduced costs of fuel, attendance and maintenance.

No stay bolted parts are included in the pressure vessel or boiler proper. Instead it is entirely composed of water and steam tubes and comparatively small water and steam drums to which the tubes are con nected. As a whole, the pressure vessel thus composed of drums and tubes is of substantially rectangular cross section (see Fig.3) and is of very considerable height. The height is an element of assurance in the matter of the proper continuity of combustion in the tall chamber 3 and for the rest the matter of height has a direct relation to the amount of floor space which the boiler occupies, it being deemed better and indeed, being better, to extend the boiler vertically than horizontally.

Forsalre of freedom of expansion and contraction throughout the boiler it is suspended from its top, as upon the cross beams A. The top drums 10 and 11 are extended in order that they may rest upon the beams A. All the other parts of the boiler hang from the drums 10 and 11. The particular parts and IOU and, its several parts are conveniently accessible from the different floors C thereof,

. as will be apparent from the drawings. Various doors D, are provided in the casing of the boiler to afford access to the interior thereof. As .a rule the boiler proper directly carries its four enclosing walls E, of tile or brick. These are applied against and between the-adjacent upright tubes of the boiler, the

. outermost of which tubes are intentionally designed to aid in supporting the refractory casing. The casing tiles are enclosed by a metal casing, F, which extends from top to bottom of the boiler; serving also to prevent the leakage of air into, or gas from, the boiler gas passages. The ends of the drums i, 6, 7,

V and 11 pierce the metal jacket so that they shall be accessible; and assist in supporting the jacket. To avoid the necessity of heavily loading the suspended boiler with fire brick are assumed to be present.

and other insulating tiles, the lower part of the boiler, where the heat of the lire is most intense, is provided with comparatively thin walls E, little thicker than needed to protect the metal casing F. The heat which would otherwise be lost through these thin walls is recovered .by means of an open topped air jacket, G, which surrounds the lower half of the boiler and from which the hot air is exhausted into the fire chamber (1) of the boiler, as through. holes g in the sides of the fire chamber.

It should be enplainedthat the metal acket F, is loosely oined to the top of the underlying fire chamber, I, and no parts are present to prevent the free expansion and contraction of the boiler with respect to the refractory Walled lire chamber;

Because of the small scale upon which Figs. 1 and 2 are drawn, the water tubes are represented by single lines; however, a complete understanding thereof is aiforded by Fig. 8 which is upon a largerscale. Generally, the dimensions of the boiler and its setting will be clearly apparent when itis understood that on the scale shown the drums 4, 7 and 11 are two feet in diameter; justlarge enough to admit a workman for the purpose of installing or repairing the connected tubes.

As a' matter of course all. drums are provided The water level of this boiler is maintained about half way up in the upper drums 10 and 11. No attempt has been made to show the ordinary boiler accessories, such as gages, blOW'fOff connections and the like, all of which The boiler shown comprises a suitable of any suitable form. Firing means of anytype or description may be used for either liquid, gaseous or solid fuel. For convenience of illustration, the drawings show the boiler as fired-from opposite sides by chain grates 2 cooperating with the ash receiving pit or hopper 3, although it will, of course, be understood that the boiler may be fired from any one or more directions.

The flames from the fire on said grate rise to substantially full or natural maturity in a relativelytall chamber 3, where the radiant heat of the flaming gases is passed to and acceptod by radiant heat absorbing elements, and the hot gases leaving the combustion chamber 8 rise to and pass through a con vccted heat absorbing boiler portion superposed upon or lying above the radiant heat absorbing portion. I Y 1 The radiant heat absorbing portion of the boiler, in the specific form shown, comprises 7 nected at their endsin any suitable manner,

such as by tubes 5. Above said drums 4 are located a series of. parallel horizontally ex "tending inner intermediate drums 6, three of which are shown, and smaller outer intermediate drums 7, all atlapproxnnately the same level near the top of'thecombustionchamber 8,the several drums being cross-connected at intervals by the tubes 8. Theseparallel horizontal intermediate drums are connected to the bottom opposed parallel header members or drums 4 by a seriesof risingheat absorbing elements ortubes 9, the major portions of which are vertical, but which at their lower ends are bent laterally for connection to the various ones of the lower drums 4, as shown." v r The convected heat absorbing portion of the boiler is in sectional form and'include's the drums 6, 7 beiorerererred to, anda like series of parallel horizontally disposed upper drums 10, 11 cross-connected at intervals by the tubes 12, and connected as units for the purpose of sectional construction with the intermediate drums 6,7 by parallel vertically extending convected heat absorbingtubes 13. The smaller upper drums 11, at the sides of the boiler, maybe connected to the intermediate side drums 7'byreturn tubes 14. i

All intermediate drums 6 and 7 are connected to the bottom drums 4 byv return tubes 15; some ofthese tubes being directly presented to the luminous and non-luminos hot gases and others imbedded in the setting walls, as may be readily understood. Obviously the drums 7 and two drums 4 lie in parallel lines so that each (11111114 may be easily connected with its elevated drum 7 by means of the tubes 15. The other pair of drums l, being relatively perpendicular to the drums U and I, require that the tubes 15 which rise "from the bottom drums, l, shall have their upper ends bent and connected with the bottoms of respective drums 6 and 7 after the manner ollowed in the arrangement of the tubes 9 -"-1 Fig. l. 'lhus the group or drums l which frames the top of the iurnace chamber is sus llt'lctl from and connected with the elevatcd group of drums 6 and 7. 'lhin lirebrick walls e- 1g from the drums at upward to the rated p, are attached to and serve to inibed the o olJi'lllOSiL return tu es lo, a substantial vall structure resulting.

The radiant heat absorbing tubes 9 are of minor extent and the convected heat absorbing tubes 13 are or major extent. 'l hat is to say, the radiant heat absorbing tubes 9 are of a size and number and are so distributed or placed as to permit the flames in chamber 3 to rise to substantially full or natural maturity therein without material suppression or extinguishment, their duty being to absorb or accept radiant heat from the name or luminous gases without choking down the l'lame. lhey are therefore fewer in number, or more accurately, their total available heat absorbing surface is materially less than that of the conveoted heat absorbing circulating tubes 13, the duty or which is to accept or absorb convected heat carried to them by the current of hot gases issuing from the upper portion of chamber 8 in wh'ch the radiant heat all'ect is predominant. 'lhe radiant heat absorbing tubes should have ample surface for accqpting or absorbing all available radiant heat. indeed, their available heat absorbing surface should be a little more, ii anything, than necessary for this purpose, chiefly for the reason that radiant heat is propagated according to the principles ol" light, while convected heat is absorbed or accepted from hot gas by a boiler element by actual contact of the hot gas there with.

For the latter-reason the major extent of convected heat absorbing tubes oi relatively larger number or total surface area are therefore relatively closely spaced from each other to distribute the neat absorbing surface and secure contact l h as much 'e non-luminous gas as poss ale, while the minor extent of radiant heat a ter-bin g tubes are relatively widely spaced, 0 e suitable arrangement for he purpose bei a distribution. of said tubes in rows lying in i ciical planes across the combustion chamber, the wide avenues between said rows permitting the flames to rise to sub-- stantially natural maturity without material suppression or entinguishment. This construction enables all of the al drums or header members to be of relatively small size and diameter and enables them to be made of relatively light gauge material with a conse quent reduction in weight and in the cost for labor and material, and in convenient form tor quantity production, ease of assembling,

repair or replacement, and conserving space in shipping. lhese lighter weight drums also enable the high pressures toward which mod ern boiler practice trends, to be secured without resort to heavy materials, as has been usual.

This arrangement of radiant and convectcd ieat absorbing tubes connecting three sets of lower, intermediate and upper header memhere, with the necessary return tubes, provides a violent coursing or circulation'ol the water in the boiler with rapid movement over all surfaces in contact with the. flame or hot and thereby protects the same. The setting may also be brought up inwardly of the lower header members a where the sediment collects, as at 16, to protect these sediment collecting portions oi the boiler elements.

Where desired, the boiler may also be pro vided with accessories, such as a drier, represented at 17, and comprising horizontally extending tubes connecting the two steam domes or drums l8 and 15) extending transversely to the drums 10, ll at the front and rear of the boiler, one of said drun'1s,-such as drum 18 be-- ing connected at intervals to toe various header members ll), 11 by the tubes 20. T he steam issuing rrom drum 19 may be led by pipe 21 to a suitable super-heater represented conventionally at 22, and the several sections of which are located in avenues between rows of the vertical tubes of the several units or sections of the convected heat absorbing tubes 13 of the boiler. Emer ing from the superheater, the steam passes to the line pipe Few ii any, gas battles are required in this boiler. However when the superheater sections 22 are not used those spaces should contain small cross battles or floors (not shown) and obviously the various tubes provide proper support for almost any sort of battles. As a rule however, the apparatus may be regarded as a single pass boiler with all the. advantages attendant upon dispensing with annoying bali'les.

Claims:

1. A steam boiler of tubular construction throughout and hence adapted to sustain high pressures, and, bodily suspended above a suitable furnace chamber; said boiler being characterized by a horizontally positioned group of water drums which frame the top of said chamber, in combination with horizontally spaced return tubes rising from all said drums and framing a lire chamber which extends above said furnace chamber, brick walls supported by said drums and tubes and extending to the tops of the latter, a horizontally positioned group of parallel steam-and-water drums elevated above the first group and wherewith the upper ends .of respective return tubes communicate, said elevated group supporting the lower drums, tubes and brick.

2. A steam boiler elf-tubular construction throughout and hence adapted to sustain high pressures, and, bodily suspended above asuitable furnace chamber; said boiler being char acterized by a horizontally positioned group of water drums'which frame the top of said chamber, in combination with horizontally,

spaced return tubes rising from all said drums and framing a fire chamber which e x tends above said furnace chamber, a hor1 zontally positioned group of parallel steamand-water drums elevated above the first group and wherewith the upper ends of re-r radiant heat absorbing tubes connected with and depending from the bottoms of the drums intermediately positioned in the elevated group, and, the lower endsof the last mentioned tubes being extended laterally within said fire chamber and joined to respectively perpendiculardrums in the lower group.

In testimony whereof I hereby affix my signature. I a r CHARLES GILBERT HAWLEY.

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