US1760849A - Car-washing apparatus - Google Patents

Description

May 27, 1930. w. D. PoMERoY 1,760,849

CAR WASHING APPARATUS Filed Feb. 6, 1928 .3 sheets-smeet 1 ULM.

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llll-llllll linnn May 27, 1930. w. D. PoMERoY 1,760,849

CAR WASHING APPARATUS Fild Feb. 6, 1928 W L hun, meo j I/wa/vrak rToR/VEYS,

3 Sheets-Shee't 2 May 27, 1930. w* D. PoMERoY CAR WASHING APPARATUS Filed Feb. 6, 192B 3 sheets-Sheet s lil-MI N illico omeroZI/ws/vro/ /T TOR/vc Ys.

Wi -r/v Patented May- 27, 1930 UNITED STATES PATENT oFF1cE-*- WILLIAM D. POMEROY, OF SENECA FALLS, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR TO GOULD PUMPS,

INC., 0F SENECA FALLS, NEW YORK, A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK Y CAR-WASHING APPARATUS rIhis invention relates to certain new and useful improvements in washing apparatus, and more specifically to an apparatus for spraying fluid upon automobiles, altho capable of use for various and many purposes.

The apparatus disclosed in this application is in a number of respects similar to the apparatus disclosed in my co-pending application filed July 2T, 1927 Serial No.y 208,807

In car washers or outts for spraying fluid upon cars or for other similar purposes, high pressures, as for instance 300 pounds, are required, and it is found that no ordinary spray out-fit is capable of standing up very long under the strain of such pressures, or of satisfactory use in producing the result sought.

Further, it is quiteessential Vthat the pressure should be maintained substantially uniform at the desiredpoint, irrespective of Whether the spraying device or devices are being used or not, and that so vfar as possible,

extreme pressure surges should be avoided in the system.

Further, 1n prior devices, 1t has been customary to use a pump from which the volume discharge is quite uniform, varying not more` than about 22 percent during each cycle of movement, and with such a pump the operation of the regulator valve used has been unsatisfactory for the reason that with a pump having a very uniform discharge, the regulator valve will rise slightly olf its seat when the required pressure exists in the system and will permit a portion of the discharge from the pump to continuously by-pass back to the intake of the pump and a condition of substantial equilibrium will exist in the system.

This continuous by-passing of a portion of the fluid fromth'e' pump gives a very high velocity discharge between the regulator valve and its seat, Awhich cuts out the valve and its seat veryrapidly, and further, the full load is maintained on the motor driving the pump, with the result that excess power has been used and the operative life of the apparatus has been brief.

I have discovered that by the use of a single cylinder double acting pump in which the volume of discharge varies substantially during each cycle, as for instance a variation ranging from Zero to 132 percent, that a regulator valve can be constructed for use with such a pump which will open suddenly and fully taking the entire dischargefrom the pump and relieving most of the pressure in the system and permitting the pump to merely circula-te the fluid until such time as the pressure conditions controlling the regulator valve change to permit sudden and complete closing of such valve. It is found that in the use of a structure in which the suction side of the pump is connected, as for instance to a city water supply under a pressure of perhaps lbs. and the pump discharges into a discharge air chamber to which the discharge nozzles are connected that the air in the discharge air chamber or otherair chamber as used disappears until such chamber or chambers are-practically full of water. Un- 'der this water logged condition there occurs very vicious hammering and pounding in the pump and the main object of this invention is to provide anV elicient and automatic means for supplying air to the air chamber or chambers so as to maintain the maximum amount of air in saidv chamber or chambers, and to talre this air at available pressures and step up the pressure in the pumping system itself. A further obj ect resides in the provision of a structure inv which the regulator valve cuts in and cuts out at comparatively infrequentintervals so that the apparatus will not chatter itself to pieces during a comparatively short period of use. i

A further object and advantage resides in the provision of a regulator cushioning chamber preferably adjacent the pump'to substantially eliminate excess pressure conditions resulting-.in the system from rapid acceleration of fluid when the by-pass valves closes suddenly, and to cushion the operation of said valve. f

The' combination of elements at present deemed essential to accomplish the advantages' above described, and other" advantages that will hereinafter appear Afrom the following description, involves preferably a single cylin derl double-acting pump discharging into an air chamber having very considerable capacity ascompared to the discharge of the chamber for cushioning the operation ofthe regulator valve and forl talringfcare--of any excess pressure conditions that woul-dresult from sudden closing of the regi'i'latorval've all in connection with an outsidersourceeof. air pressure, as for instance the compressed air systemv (.udinariiyfound inraA garage' 4or automobile Workshop and `from which source air is automatically supplied to the discharge air chamber to maintain maximumV volume of' air Vin said chamber..

Other objects: and 'advantages relate tothe details Pof the structure, andithe form; rela-Y tion and association of the parts thereof, all

as willmorefully:appearV frointhe following` description, taken'inconnectionwith theraccompanying drawingsin-whichfz Figure 1- is Yan elevation, partially; in section, :of my; apparatus taken :onA the Vline 1-1 of-Figure 3.

Figure` 2 is a-section online 2,-2 of Figure 1. f

VFigure 3 is a-section-taken on line 3-3 of Figure 1.

Figures 4'and 5 are diagrammatic views ,J showing dilferentlevels of liquid in the apparatus `under different conditions of opera-v tion. v v

The apparatus` as" here; illustrated comprises a single cylinder double-acting pump, perhaps bestwshown and illustrated in Figure 3. TheV cylinder -1-. ofthis tpump opens' at opposite ends into the Water ways or pump chambers-2- and -'-3- respectively, each of-these chambers being provided with an inlet valve 4*- and arr outlet valve -5-.

These valves may bef ofthe compositionl disk type, and are normally held tol their seats by Y springs, as shown, the-springs being properly tensioned to effect the desired function. L.

rlhe inlet Apipeor conduit-6+- (see Figure 1) which may be `connected to'any suitable sourceof fluid, as'for instance, a water main, discharges into the inlet manifoldv 7 for supplyingfluid thru the passage-v ways controlled by valves 4eto the'res'pective water-ways or chambers '2- and -3'-, and upon the pressure strokes of the piston -8- mounted in cylinder -1-, thev fluid Vis alternately forced under pressure through thepassageways controlled bythe outletvalves into an outletf manifold -9- connected by pipe or vconduit -flO-- Figure 1 leading through a passageway '11- to the base' of a discharge cushioning or air chamberl12 through a passageway: 13-c0ntrolled by valve 14 normally held by spring 15 to its e seat, andoperating to prevent thel return of fluid from the discharge air chamber 12 to the outlet side of the pump;

The discharge air-chamber 12 is of very considerable capacity as compared with the capacityof'the pump per cycle of operation, andit isdesirable to maintain a considerable air volume in the chamber 12 to effectthe desiredfcushioning result; and-Lfor'that purpose" /a deviceis provided which wwillbe* hereinafter described. The piston -8-, Figure 3, is re'cip'rocated through the medium of a pistonrod 19jextending outwardly through a stuling box 20 and gland 21 secured thereto, the'stultng box and gland formingla fluidtight j ointltoprevent the escape oflluid fromthe' pump along the pistonfrod 19".

Aj yoke 22 is secured to the outer end of the piston-rodandfis connected Aat itsy opposite` ends yto side rods (not shown) disposed uponiopposite'sides of theI pump' and extending substantially parallel withthezpiston rod 19, the oppositeendsof Vthese side Yrods connected vrespectively to crossehead consisting ofthe parts lnumbered25, 26, and the part 2b" being guided Vin cylinder 27, Y such crossehead beinglactuatedA by'asconnecting rod 284e mounted upon av bearing 29%- eccentric with respect to gear 30e-a for. reciprocating piston 26 as? the gear is rotated.

Gear-30- may be driven from a smaller 3L-fv whichv inturn is driven' from any convenient'source of power.y

Itl will be' apparent'f thatZ as the cross-head z is act`uated,;the piston 8l-- willbe reciproycatedby''movement of partsdescribed to alternatelyV draw in and expel iuid to and from the respective water -ways or chambers 2- and -3,v andthatthe fluidunder pressure will pass from the manifold f9- by the opening ofvalve -14-4 into the discharge cushioning chamber 12 t0 produce thefdesired pressure. Y

I-nrforder that suchvpressure may be maintalnedfunder varyingconditionsofdischarge lfromthe chamber- 12 through tubesV orxhose connections- Bij Figure 1, connected to pipe 3S-f and in yorder-that continuous'op" erationo'f the pump will vnotj produce an vexcesspressure in-V the -systemfbeyond that desired, a regulator isprovided adapted to be actuated by and in accordance with the pressure existing inthe cushioning'chamber 12, and'this regulator includes achamber 41 connected as :by :pipe 42 to-1 the lower portion of the :discharge cushioningchamberv 12 so that substantiallyfthe same pressure will exist in chamber V41 as existsv in the 'chamber --12-. ,Onelwall?, as here shown, thefupper wall of chamberl -41- includ'esf a' flexible d'iaa vat its upper end VlooselyV engages` a valvecontrolling the passage of fluid from the manifold -9- through pipe "463-,V

chamber -47-, to a pipe 4S- leading, in this instance to the suction line -"6 which returns the fluid tothe manifold -7- of the pump.

When valve 45- 'is pushed upwardly from its seat so as to completely open the passageway from manifold -9- to pipe -48-, it will be apparent that the fluid may flow directly from the outlet or pressure side of the pump to the inlet or suction side of the pump, under which circumstances the pump is merely circulatin the fluid without the production of any sust-antial pressure inthe system.

Valve -45- is normally held to its seat by means of spring -49-, which spring is confined between the upper side of the valve and the lower end ofk a regulator cushioning or air chamber -50-, which cushioning or air chamber is at all times in communication withthe outlet side or manifold -9-" of the pump.k The piston -43- and valve rod -44- are normally maintained in the position shown in Figure l, (valve 45- being closed by spring -49-,) through the medium of a coil spring V-51- confined between the upper surface ofthe piston 43 and the lower surface of a stop disk 52M secured in any suitable and preferably adjustable manner to properly tension the spring -5l as by means of bolts T5S-rsecured to 'the wall of the chamber -41-, and whichv chamber is supported 'as rfor instance by integral brackets -54-, depending from a casting which includes the chamber 47 and the passageway leading to the pipe -48-.

When the suction line -6- isconnec'ted to a source of fluid under pressure, as for inits lower end by pipe -56- through check valve 56 and pipe 6 Vto the manifold 7 to absorb shocks and to tend to maintain a uniform pressure in the fluid supplied to the inlet side of the pump.

The operation of the regulator of this ap` paratus will be understood from the follow# ing:

Valve 45 remains closed until a desired pressure is built up within the discharge cushioning chamber -12. At that time the built-up pressure in chamber -lQ- also exists in chamber 41- and this pressure exerted upon the diaphragm 4Q- and piston -48 must be greater than the sum of the pressures of springs *4Q- and -5l plus the pressure on top of the valve -45-,for else the valye wo'uld'notfopen, and for that reason the pressure'of the springs is so adjusted as to permit opening of valve 45jat the desired fluid pressure.

When sulicient pressure is built up in the Ysubstantially all discharge from the Apump ceases momentarily, there is substantially no pressure on top of valve -45, the check valve -14-, preventing the return of any pressure from chamber -l2, the valve 45E- will snap wide open, due to the fact that under such circumstances'the pressure in chamber 41- becomes substantially greater than the forces opposing it, and valve 45 will remain wide open, permitting bypassing of substantially the entire capacity of the pump until pressure in air chamber 12 drops to such a point that the pressure in chamber' 4l is less than the forces tending to close valve 45, at which time Valve 45 will start to close. Y

If the pump used had a fairly constant discharge, it would tend to build up a conincreased pressure on top of valve 45, and

this increases theforce tending to close valve 45 to such a point that the valve snaps closed suddenly. The pump disclosed being a single cylinder double-acting pump. l delivers the water at an uneven rate. That is to say, there is a point inthe operation of the pump where no wateris being delivered. This is the point at which the cylinder changes its stroke. Between this point and the next change of stroke the water is delivered in an increasing amount up to the peak discharge and then the volume 'delivered falls voff to nothing at the next change of stroke. Other types of pumps deliver the water in a more uniform amount through the cycle of their operations and it is, therefore, important in this type of apparatusthat the typeof pump herein de-l scribed be used.

W'ith sudden closing of the Valve 45, an excess pressure condition would be built up in thesystem due to the fact that there is a considerable mass of stationary water in the to be very suddenly accelerated were it Vnot for the provision of cushioning chamber 50,`

and the inclusion of such a regulator cushioningchamber 1s essential to the satisfactory operation of the structure hereindis- Inot built up in the system :tor the reason that chamber 50 constitutes a space for receiving .excess fluid, such space being made available by the compressim of theair 1n chamber -50 The by-pass valve lmust be vso pr.o-

` portioned that Athere is a proper relation between the forces tending lto open the valve and those tendingto close it when within the range in Which it is desired to .maintain pressure inthe discharge airchamber 19et is not only desirable, but quite essential that the regulator valve shall operate at. as infrequently intervals as possible,fand ythe fact that the air chamber 12.- is very large as compared to the capacity of the pump per cycle has a substantial bearing on the `trequency of operation of the regulatorrvalve, and this for the reason that the greater the volume of air under -compressionin the air chamber, the longer will be=the period of char-ge or discharge of the. air chamber with the maintenance of pressure within given limits.

In order vthat .thev apparatus shall function properly when initially started and shall continue so to function it is necessary that the chamber l2 be supplied with air and that the cushioning chambers -5 O- and 5aalso be supplied with air as the machine isstarted up. During :the operation, the air Vwhich was initially' placedin chamiber=12 will gradually pass out from chamber 412 With-bhe waterl as it is-drawn oifthrough thewpifpe -S-f. Itis, therefore, necessaryto .provide a new supplyot air :to chamber +1327- from time to timeasthe use of the apparatus demands land it is, of course, preferable that this new supply of airbe turnished automaticallfy according to the 'needs of theappara-tus.

To insure an additional air supply to chamber -12- and also to cushioning chamber -50-, l provide a Vsource of air under pressure (not shown) which air is brought to the apparatus through pipe-57- which pipe is connected through shut-oli2 valve -.-58-.-- to cushioning chamber -55-. and through pipe 59, shut-off valve -60- and pipe 6ltotheftop of cushioning Cham-ber -50. Pipe 6lis also connected .to the upper portion -ofV chamber *.-12. An auxiliary chamber --.62- is connected at its lower .endv to pipe -48- whichinturn, asY

heretofore described, is connected with suction line Gv-w j The airwhich is introduced through pipe is ordinarily taken-trom the-compressediair usually found in a :garage ior antemobile workshop, which lair is normally de- -g livered at ya pressure of approximately I100 Figure 2.consistsef theincorporation intoy pire-617.01 abeldy e565# having an elongated lapertlurfe. f5.6.- Q small diameter .with a clean-cut @ugh-,67T inserted therein. It

Will'he undef-Stood thatxresfrieted passages similar to passage .+66-e which `are very smal in damas. .are lau@ vno ,become pluggedY lOlll impurities which may .be in the'fluid passing through them and forthis reason Provide .thermen-)Out plus 57x67- which movesupanddown in restricted pass.- ee@ ff-rlu to, the acthat at 11S passingthrough restricted' passage While .at .other times it' .is .not .so passing through with ,the resultr that the movement 0f .Clean-.Out plug #67+ will keep-,restricted passage G6- -reefrom anyv obstruction. I also provide in pipe .f'b-l between shut-Off v alve 60sandthe upper Zend of Vvcushionlls yClumfller f5.0 .twb-Qheck valves f6.8# and 69- to'rrerent any ail passieshak from cushioning chamber .-50 .liIOllgh pipes 6l-- and L-59 When ini the operation of my device .the pressure of air vin cushioning chamber. 50 is greaterthan `the Compressnof the air .coming from-theme1- pressed air source. I also provide between the 'upper part ocushioning chamber. ,50- and Chamberl-l2f .another check v.valve T0-to prevent the passage of air from chamber linto cushioning chamber -50, when the `pressure of the .air in. bei' l2- becomes greater than the. pressure of the air in ycushioning chamber l--50- These valves -68.-, 69, and 7 0 are shown as of a commonball check valve type but it will be understood that check valves of ,other designs may be used if desired. Y

The operation of the automaticair. supply portion of -mydevice Vis as follows:

When the pump is started valves 58 and 60 are vopened which will. result Vin the passage of compressed air into chambers vl2, 50, 55, and through leakage from chamber 55, into chamber -62f--. 'When .these chambers are filled shut off Vvalve 58 is lshut since chamber -55-` and...-.- 62- require no subsequent additionalair. After .the initial introduction of air, valve -,60 on the other hand, is normally open and continues inthat condition while the apparatus is being used.

VAfterthe pump has been running a suiiiciently longtime to introduce into chamber -12 a sufficient vamount yof water/.to bring theair in chamber *12e-.up to the. selected and desired pressure, the level ofwater vin cushioning chamber 50-- will be approxi# mately ataipontindeated by line ATA on Figure 1 leaving a certain amount of air between the water and pipe -61-. At the same time the level of the water in chamber -62- will be approximately at a point indicated by line ALL-A on Figure 1.

The pressure in chamber -12- having reached the desired maximum, valve -45- will be opened through the actuation of diaf tube and the compressed a-ir entering through l pipe -57- and pipe -61- will force the water in cushioning chamber -50- downward to approximately the level shown by line B-B on Figure l. The forcing of the water level in cushioning chamber -50 downward will result in raising the water level in chamber -62- t0 approximately a line indicated by B-B on Figure 1 compressing the air in chamber *G2- When sucient water has been removed from chamber -12- through pipe -37- to reduce the pressure in chamber -12- to a point where valve -45- will again close as heretofore described, the water level in pipe -62- will return to the line AC-A due to the fact that the pressure exerted upon it by t-he compressed air in cushioning chamber *50 has been cut off, and at the same time the pressure on the lower end of cushf. ioning chamber -50-V will be increased to a point greater than the pressure in chamber -12- with the result that the water level in cushioning chamber 50- will move upward to line A-A and the air which was introduced into cushioning chamber 50- will be forced through pipe 6land check valve into chamber -12-. It will be understood that valve 14- has an upper face of considerably greater area than its under face so that the pressure in the outletmanifold -9-, and the pipes 104, -46- and cushioning chamber -50- will ofnecessity be greater than the pressure in chamber -12- in order that valve -14- may be raised to permit the introduction of fluid through it from the pump int-o chamber 12.y

Y In order that the functioningy of chamber 50 may be understood (chamber50 functioning as a cylinder withy a fluid piston into which air is received at a comparatively low pressure and compressed to a much higher pressure and then delivered tol chamber 12), I have shown diagrammatically in Figures 4 and 5 the approximate levels of fluid in the dierent parts of the system under different conditions of operation.

In Figure 5 I show the levelsof the fluid in chambers 12, 5()l and 62 at a timewhen the valve 45 is'open and the fluid is merely being circulated through the pump and not forced forward into the bottom of chamber 12.

In Figure 4 I have shown the leve/ls of liquid in the same chambers when valve 45 is closed and t-he fluid is being pumped into chamber 12 through yvalve 'l l/Vhen the pressure in chamber 12- has beenstepped up to a point where valve 45- has been opened, as previously described, the compressed air entering through pipe *57- and valve -69- will enter the top of chamber -50- and will force the fluid in chamber -50- down tov approximately the level B-B shown on -Figure 5. Inasmuch as the lower end of chamber 50- is connected through valve 45 with the intake side of thepump, the pressure in which is considerably less than the pressure in pipe -57-, the lower end of chamber -50- being connected with the lower end of chamber -62-, thel movement of the fluid in chamber -50- downward will act on the fluid in chamber -62 forcing it upward to approximately la point shown by BIB on Figure 5 and thereby permitting the reception into the top portion of chamber 50- of a supply of air from pipe -57. At this time the pressure in chamber 12 is considerably higher than the pressure in chamber -50- but communication is cut off between the two chambers by check 'valve -70-. Under these conditions the level 'of water in chamber 12 is approximately at a line shown by C-C on Figure 5. The levels of fluid in chambers fOf and -62-Y, just described, will continue unchanged until sufficient fluid has been drawn oftl from chamber -12- through pipe -38- te lower the pressure in chamber -12 to a point where the valve 45 is again closed in a manner heretofore described.L

When valvel45 has been closed, the levels of liquid in chambers 12, 50 and 62 will be ap# proximately as shown in Figure 4, the pump having built Vup a pressure on the outlet side which will be greater than the pressure in chamber 12-. and the fluid will be delivered through valve 14 into chamber -12-. At the same time the pressure in the outlet side of the pump will be exerted on the fluid in chamber -50-. Since chamber 50- has its lower end connected with the outlet side of the pump this pressure will cause the fluid in chamber -50- to move upwardly to a point approximately shown by line A-A on Figure 4 and inasmuch as check valve g .-69- will prevent the passage of air backair in' chamber. m12- and will. therefore be @forced through checlrivalvee-.TOw into vchainber -12-. At-tliesame time the-iinidpin chamber .-62- will drop :to :approximately fa level yshown -byline iSd-TA Fig-ure ldiie l5 tothe `fact that thepressure on 'rit exerted :bythe Huid inwcliamber -50-hasibeen removed bygthe closing Tof' valve -45. fPart ofithe fluid in chamber -flQ-A-fhaving-been withdrawnthrougli .pipe B8-the level'of f, fluid in that chamber vvllthe'ngbe:approxi mately on a line shoivnbyfD-eDgin-Figure-A. In otherwords, thechamber -50- with its .fluid contents functionslas:afcompressor in which the chamberfvvallsgcoinpriseaV cylinder, the ffluidcontents com-priseseafluid 4piston -w'vliich is 'mo-ved upward on the coinpressimist roleqhy flineans loi (the pressure -Qin g-the outlet side of v(the pump iviengvalve -f is.-closed andmvliich :is allowedt'ozmo-ve downzivar-d against fthe ,pressure fof the fair from pipe. u-57.--When gthe pressure-@rom Vthe foutxletsidei otgtlie ipun-ip isy reduced by the .r open- `in jgof.thevalve q Cliecli.valve .-69- -funetipns' as-an intake valve. ogthefcoinipres- '@Xhausbvalve ofthe @repressor- The .leve-ls of vliquid ,shown `sin chamber +121 50 and 1625011 :Maures #l and 1:5 and .particularly (those indicated or the levelgof -luid rin chamber *d2-..- are onlyapproxi- .mate Y and.: are .-liere,.use'd .l'errlheiA piirp ose: 'of .illustrating .the functioningfoi thejfsystem be- ,cause roi `-the result I4desired; lwill be fobtained iirrespective ,of Tthe rexact levels .ofiliguid 1in f) .the different .parts of Pthe apparatus. vThe Vbalancebetweemthaamount,oiliquid. andthe tamount A,offair .in the-cylinder will `vary linden-different ,conditions of nservice .but under any` conditionsy duringach fcycle .of operation ,a supply ofaii fulfill be .received ,from ,pipe -;.-."57-,.- into .the ,top yof rchamber V-50. and will then becompressed and Aforced' .through valve :into .chamber T12-1. Furthermore, ,the 7rapidity with which the cycles of operaticnifapparatus :will occur .will vary. dnthefevent'gthat chamber-deis filled Witha considera-ble amount ,of fluid, the cyclefuof roperation will 'be compara-tively .rapid v.and a :considerable amount. o ,f air vill gbe .,deliveredfinto, chamber i12-. Qntheother hand, if=tlle fluidllevel Qin. chamber .T12-...is low., ,the cycle of, operation Will occurmucli less frequently ,viiihrthe ,res-ult that a .comparatively .small 'amount ;of 551 air will ,be .delivered iin't'o chamber For Lche gpurpgqs (Q' ,QXplLining l.the Operationof .mydevicg l ,havge described atsingle cylinder douhleacting ,pump VvHowever, the este@ result-.may.baobteieedwtllQthentvpes 6" of pumps, as 'ior .example ,a ftivo `-cylinder sinsleaeting iiiimp with cranks .at .180 deareessethat l Q10-necessitaterestfetmyself Lt@ aannaftiular :tyre-.elf pump lt will 'lie understood also that thesize ,of

'U5 .chamber Jffiishieniea chamber 150:,

and .(-zllfllflbery .-.f-62-3 togetheriwith the: size of restricted passage :.-66--n may he -varied to :meet different conditions lunder VWhich the apparatus :is @to ble` .operated `Without departing from the spirit'ofniyinvention, andiit 70 will also be understood tliat'various changesy in the .size and rclationof the dierentV iny-dividual units of-my apparatus may be neceslsary dueto .vari ationin water pressure in the .main supply line, lto variations in thepres-y ,75

:sure inthe air supply lineand to variations in the demand which Will-be-placed upon the apparatus-in use,=for although Ihave shown and described a specific arrangement and -oimfofpart asan'exemplification of an ein-30 bodiment ofmyinvention, I donot desire to v,restrict :myself -to the A:exact shape, for-m or ,lelation f oit` parts as Y various changes -may :be

Afaycushion'ing air chamber" iii communication rQ90 with the disch-arge side of the .pump, vlan auxiliary air chamber in communication With fthe 'suctionfside fof tlie fpump, means of -com- -`municatien bett-veen the .cushioning air chamber and the .auxiliaryair-chamber, a.u

vvalve controlling such-iiieaiisA-ofV communicaation,` .andfmeansfor Y introducing air? intotlie tcushiogningair chamber when the valve .is

open.

2. In a device of the class` described, a 3100 .lpiiinp, a. discharge air v chamber incomnuni- 'c ation With .fthe `dis charge s ide `off the Ipump,

a cushioninggair chamber -.i-n .communication I,with the `discharge side lthe pump, an auigiliary chamber in .communicationgiios with `thesuctionr side. o-ffthe puinppmeans of A:communication ,between `the cushionin-gfvair chamber and the 2auxiliary .lair chamber, la

valve fconti'olling 1rsuch means lof -communicat-ion, vmeans for .-introdiicingfair ginto -the` 11o .cushioning air .chamber when the `valve is open `,and vmeans .for delivering-air irom :the cushioning chamber .to lthe .discharge air Y .chamber `when .the -valvey is' closed.

3. y15inapparatus o -Itheclass described com- -prsing aV pump ,adischfargelair chamberfhav ingan nletin communication with thefpump, .a .valve controlling ,such -qcommuni'catiom Aa ycusvhioni.ng .air tchamber in rrcominuni'cation ,with the pump Ioutlet, connection betweenv `the said cushioningair-chambeiand the disfcharge air chamber VFpermitting the delivery of Aair-'tothe discharge air chamber `from' the cushioning airfchamberbyfmovementof-fluid Jin.:the.cushioning,air chamber :and means toril'Z supplying r.air under pressure .to i, the cushioningzair'chamber. l l

j4. iAin:appaigatiisofthe class described-:comprising apump,eadsshmaearGhamberhav- .finem-iriletn-.CommunieatQn-wth thepiinip 2130 a valve controlling such communication, la cushioning air chamber in communication with the pump outlet, means for conveying air from the cushioning air chamber to the discharge air chamber When the pressure in the cushioning air chamber exceeds the pressure in the discharge air chamber and means for supplying air under pressure to the cushioning air chamber.

5. An appara-tus of the class described comprising a pump, a discharge air chamber having'an inlet in` communication vvith thepump, a valve controlling such communication, a cushioning air chamber in communication With the pump outlet, means for conveying air from the cushioning air chamber to the discharge air chamber -When the pressure in the cushioning air chamber exceeds the pressure in the discharge air chamber, means for supplying air under pressure to the cushioning air chamber when the pressure in the pumping system drops below an approximately predetermined point.

6. An apparatus of the class described comprising a pump, a discharge air chamber having an inlet in communication with the pump and having acapacity many times the volume of fluid discharged by the pump at each cycle or" operation, a valve controlling such inlet, said discharge airchamber having an outlet separate from the said inlet, a by-pass conduit in communication with the `pump outlet, a regulator valve controlling the passage of fluid through said conduit, means actuated in accordance With the pressure of fluid in the discharge air chamber for opening said regulator valve to permit by-passing of Huid, a cushioning air chamber in communication with said by-pass conduit at a point adjacent the pump, and means for conveying air from the cushioning air chamber to the discharge air chamber When the pressure in the cushioning air chamber exceeds the pressure in the discharge air chamber.

7. An apparatus of the class described comprising a single-cylinder double-acting pump, a discharge air chamber having an inlet in Y communication With the pump and havingv a capacity many times thevolume of fluid discharged by the pump at each cycle of operation, a valve controllingV such inlet, said discharge air chamber having an outlet separate Vfrom the said inlet, a by-pass conduit in communication with the pump outlet, a regulator valve controlling the passage of fluid through saidconduit, means actuated in accordance with the pressure of fluid in the discharge air chamber for opening said regulator valve to permit by-passing of fluid, and a cushioning air chamber in communication With said bypass conduit at a point adjacent the pump, means for conveying air from the cushioning air chamber to the discharge air chamber When the pressure in the cushioning air chamber exceeds the pressure in the discharge air chamber.

8. An apparatus of the class described comprising a pump, a discharge air chamber havmg an inlet m communication With the pump and having a capacity many times the volume of fluid discharged bythe pump at each cycle of operation, a valve controlling suoli inlet, said discharge air chamber having an outlet separate from the 'said inlet, a by-pass conduit in communication with the'pump outlet, a regulator valve controlling the passage of fluid through said conduit, means actuated in accordance with the pressure of fluid in the discharge air chamber for opening said regulator valve to permit by-passing of fluid, a cushioning air chamber in communication With said by-pass conduitat a point adjacent the pump and opening dovvnvvardly above the regulator valve, means for conveying ai'r from the cushioning air chamber to the discharge air chamber when the pressure inthe cushioning air chamber exceeds the'pressure in 'the discharge air chamber.

9. An apparatus of the class described comprising a pump, a discharge 'air chamber having an inlet in communication With thepump and said 'chamber having a capacity many times the volume of fluid discharged by the pump at each cycle 'of operation, a valve con-v trolling such inlet and said discharge air chamber having an outlet separate from the inlet, a valve controlling such-outlet, a bypass conduit in communication with the pump outlet, a regulator valve' controlling the passage of fluid 'through said conduit, and means actuated-in accordance vvith the pressure of fluid maintained in the discharge-air chamber by said inlet and outlet valves for opening said regulator valve topermit by-passing of fluid, anda cushioning air chamber in communication with said conduit at a point adjacent the pump and opening into said bypass conduit at a point adjacent the regulator valve, means for conveying air from the cushioning air chamber to the discharge air chamber When the pressure in the vcushioning air chamber exceeds the pressure in the discharge airfcha-mber. 10. An apparatus of the class describe comprising ia pump, a discharge air rchamber having an inlet in communicationV with the pump and said chamber having acapacity many -times the volume of fluid discharged by the pumpv at each cycle of operation., a valvecontrolling such inlet, and said discharge air .chamber having an outlet separate from the inlet, a valve controlling such outlet, aby-pass conduit in communication with the pump outlet,fa regulator valve controlling the passage of fluid through said conduit, a pressurechamber provided With a diaphragm, connections between said diaphragm and the regulator valve, and a conduit connecting the pressure chamber tothe discharge air chamber at a point' beyond the inletvalve of the latter, a cushioning air chamber in communication with said by-pass conduit at a point adjacent the pump, means for conveying air from the cushioning air chamber to the'discharge air chamber When the pressure in the cushioning air chamber exceeds the pressure in the discharge air chamber.

11. An 'apparatus of the class described comprising a pump, a discharge air chamber in communication therewith, a valve controlling such communication, a regulator valve mechanism including a pressure chamber, means of communication between the pressure chamber and the discharge air chamber, a by-pass conduit in communication-With 'the'pump outlet, a regulator valve controlling the passage offfluid through saidconduit, means actuated in accordance with the pressure in the pressure chamberfor opening said regulator valve, and-a cushioning-air chamber in communication with said conduit at a point adj acen't'the pump and opening downwardly above the regulator valve. means for conveying air from the ycushioning air chamber to the discharge air chamber when the pressure -in Ithe .cushioning air chamber exceeds the ',pressureinthe discharge air chamber.

12. An apparatus of the class described "comprising a pump,a discharge `air chamber having van inlet 'in lcommunication with `the pump and-having a capacity many'timesthe volume of 'Huidjdisc'harged'bv-the pump at each cycle of operationra valve controlling such inlet, said discharge air c,hamber-having` an outlet separate from'the said inlet, abypass conduit-in communication with the pump outlet. a regulator valve controlling the passage of Huid throughsaidconduit, meanslactuated 'in accordance with the pressure'v of iuid'in the discharge air-chamber for open-` ing Saidregulator valve ito permit'bv-passing of Huid, a cushioning air chamberin communication with `said 'by-pass conduit at a point adi acent the pump, means 'for conveying vair from kthe cushioning lairv chamber y`to the discharge air chamber When the pressure in the cushioning air chamber exceeds the pressure in the discharge air chamber., and vmeans for supplyingair under pressure Vtothe cushioning air chnmberivhen'the'regulator valve is openand the pressure in the cushioning (air-chamber' i s comparativelv'l ow.

13. An apparatus of the class described comprising a single-cylinder vdouble-acting pump. a dischargeair chamber :havingan inlet in communication with the pump 'and Vhavinga capacity manytimes'the volume'of of operation, a valvejcontrolling fsuc'h 4inlet, said discharge air chamber having `an outlet separate from the said inlet, Va Vby-pass v*conduit in Vcommunication with fthe :pump :'outlet, a tregulator valve controlling thepassage of riin-id through said fconduit,1megans actuated in accordance with thepressure of fluid in the 14. An'appa'ratus of the class described" comprising a pump, 'a' discharge air chamber having an inlet in communication With the pump and having a'capacity many times the volume of fluid discharged by the pump at each 'cycle of operation, `a valve `controlling' such inlet, said dischargeair chamber havingl an-foutlet separate from the said inlet, a by-pass conduit in communication Withthe pump outlet, a regulator valve controlling the vpassage of `iiuid through said conduit, means actuated in accordancewith'the pressure of i'iuid'in the discharge air chamber for openingsaid regulator valve to permit by-passing of tfluid,'acushioning air chamber in communication With said by-pass kconduit at a point adjacent the pump and open- Ving-'downwardly above the regulator valve,

means for conveying air from the cushioning air chamber to the discharge air chamber when the pressure' in the cushioning air' chamber exceeds the'pressure in' the discharge air chamber, and `means for supplying air under pressure yto the cushioning air chamber when the regulator valve is open'and the .pressure in the cushioning air chamber 'is comparatively 10W. Y

15. An apparatus of the Vclass described comprising'a pump, a discharge air chamber having an inlet in communication with the pump and saidA chamber having a capacity'many times the volume of luiddischarged by the pump at each cycle of foperation, a valve controlling such rinlet and said discharge air chamberfhaving an outlet separate from the inlet, 'a vvalve-controlling such outlet, a by-pass conduit yin communication with the pump outlet, .aregulator valve controlling the .passage of ffluid through said conduit, 'and means 'actuated-in accordance with the pressure-of fluidl maintained in the discharge air chamber by said inlet and'outlet valves Jfor-opening vsaid regulator valve to permit lay-passing of fluid, anda cushioning air chamber in communication With said conduitat a point adjacent the pump and open- -f in the cushioning'air chamber exceeds the pressure in the discharge air chamber, and means for supplying air under pressure to the cushioning air chamber when the regulator valve is open and the pressure in the cushioning air chamber is `comparatively low.

16. An apparatus of the class described comprising a pump, a discharge air chamber having an inlet in communication with the pump and said chamber having a capacity many times the volume of fluid discharged by the pump at each cycle of operation, a valve controlling such inlet, and said discharge air chamber having an outlet separate from the inlet, a valve controlling such outlet, a by-pass conduitl in communication with the pump outlet, a regulator valve controlling the passage of fluid through said conduit, a pressure chamber provided with a diaphragm, connections between said diaphragm and the regulator valve, and a conduit connecting the pressure chamber to the discharge air chamber at a point beyond the inlet valve of the latter, a cushioning air chamber in communication with said by-pass conduit at a point adjacent the pump, means for conveying air from the cushioning air chamber to the discharge air chamber when the pressure in the cushioning air chamber exceeds the pressure in the discharge air chamber, and means for supplying air under pressure to the cushioning air chamber when the regulator valve is open and the pressure in the cushioning air chamber is comparatively low. t

17. An apparatus of the class described comprising a pump, a discharge air chamber in communication therewith, a valve controlling such communication, a regulator valve mechanism including a pressure chamber, means of communication between the pressure chamber and the discharge air chamber, a by-pass conduit in communication with the pump outlet, a regulator valve controlling the passage of fluid through said conduit, means actuated in accordance with the pressure in the pressure chamber for opening said regulator valve, and a cushioning air chamber in communication with said conduit at a point adjacent the pump and opening downwardly above the regulator valve,'

means for conveying air from the cushioning air chamber to the dlscharge air chamber when the pressure in the cushioning air chami ber exceeds the pressure in the discharge air chamber, and means for supplying air under pressure to the cushioning air chamber when the regulator valve is open and the pressure in the cushioning air chamber is comparatively low.

18. In a device of the class described, a pump, a discharge air chamber in communication with the discharge side of the pump, a cushioning air chamber in communication -f with the discharge side of the pump, an auxiliary air chamber in communication with the suction side of the pump, means of communication between the cushioning air chamber and the auxiliary air chamber, a valve controlling such means of communication, means for introducing air into the cushioning air chamber when the valve is open, means for delivering air from the cushioning chamber to the discharge air chamber when the valve is closed, and means Jfor preventing the movement of air from the discharge chamber to the cushioning chamber. t

In Witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand this 26th day of January, 1928.

, WILLIAM D. POMEROY.

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