US1760787A

US1760787A - Airplane wing

Info

Publication number: US1760787A
Application number: US201179A
Authority: US
Inventors: James B Slinn
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1927-06-24
Filing date: 1927-06-24
Publication date: 1930-05-27
Anticipated expiration: 1947-05-27

Description

J. B. SLINN AIRPLANE WING May 27, 1930.

Filed June 24. 1927 mm3 @Lo/w lic Patented` May 27, Y193C) UNITED STATES JAMES IB. SLINN, OF IBONAPARTE, IOWA AIRPLANE WIN G' Application filed .Tune'24, 1927. Serial No. 201,179.

The invention relates to improvements in airplane wings.

The objects of the invention are to pron vide an .airplane wing that is perfectly safe and stable within itself, one that is free of erratic tendencies and amendable to control under all conditions, to simplify the construction by using but few parts, to make the wing lighter and yet stronger than those of which 1o l am aware, and easy to standardize or modify to meet desired requirements, and to provide an airplane wing that has great lift, that has little resistance, forms a good glider, a proper tendency to stay in the air, and that provides a quick take off. p

One form of the invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings in which Figure l is a plan of one form of an entire wing. Figure 2 is a front elevation of the same.

I Figure 3 shows in perspective oneehalf of a wing with parts shown in cross section at Y about the middle of the wings length. Figure 4 shows in perspective the framework only of part of a wing. Figure 5 is a cross section of a win@` showin the an ular contour and a form of bracing.

Figure 6 1s a cross section of a wing illustrating the manner of constructing 1t with but one beam, and Figure 7 illustrates a flat form of wing having a camber in thecenter of its lower surface.

The wing comprises a rectangular frame made up ofend rails 5, but one of which is shown in Figure 4, joining which are

side rails

3, 4 forming the front and aft edges of such wing. Connecting the said

side rails

8, 4 at spaced intervals are cross members or ribs 2 substantially paralleling the end rails 5. O-verlying said cross members or ribs 2, and reaching from end to end of the wing is a pair of upper beams l substantially paralleling the

rails

3, 4 and spaced with reference to the latter and to each other about in the proportion shown in Figure 3, while directly beneath each beam and paralleling the same is an auxiliary beamV 11. to these I may employ a diagonal brace 10, Figure 4, joining one of the upper beams l at about the middle of its length with the other beam l near its outer end. The frame thus In addition provided may be covered above and below with any desired material, the upper portion of which is indicated at 7 and the lower portion at 8. In Figures 3, 4 and 5 it will be observed that the forward beam 1 is of somewhat greater height than the rear one, while in Figure 7 both are of about an equal height.

The covering material conforms to the contour of the structure and therefore from the forward edge at 3, Figures 3 and 5, it is inclined upwardly upon the leading beam l thence at a slight angle downwardly to the rear beam, in one form of the` wing, and thence again at an angle downwardly to the rear edge at 4, following back beneath the wing over the lower beams 11.

ln some of the claims the use of the terms longitudinal7 and longitudinally designate the longest measurement of the wing although such terms when applied to airplanes usually mean the fore and aft direction. rlhis is stated merely in the interest of a clear understanding ofmeaning.

Referring to the crosswise section Fig. 5,

it will be seen that the contour fore and aft of this airplane wing is based on angles andv straight lines. These angles and straight lines are the basic principle of this invention. Experiments have proved they are fundamental in securing automatic stability, lift, minimum resistance and control. The

surfaces

7 and 8 resting/on beams l and auxiliary beams l1 area factor' of this arrangement in the eiiicienoy ofthe wing, the angles formed ruiming from rtip to tip of ywing give vgreat lift and stability. These angles may-be .modified or changed to meet requirements of ratio aspect of wing. This is done by moving beams l or beam l backward or forward. The front margin presents a bevel cutting edge offering little or no resistance, en the contrary it seems to aspirate or move against the wind. The auxiliary beams l1 exceptingI those whichare a part of main beams l, illustrated by Fig. 5, may

be used and relined as requirements demand. v The material used in constructing wing may elinfiinater them entirely. Y n y The ribs 2 lying between main beam l and auxiliary beamV ll may be any number or i shape to give proper strength and refinement,

and these form with the latter a truss, giving great strength and rigidity to the wing, the whole at the saine time being relatively light in weight. j

The marginal rails 3 and el are attached to the ends of the ribs 2, and the marginal end rails 5 are attached to the beams 1 andauxiliary beams ll'inV any suitable manner, the ends of the beams being tapered to conform to the smaller .cross section orf-the said-rails 5 to constitute a finished appearance at the wing ends. Y

,A self-supporting or cantilever wing may be made by increasing depth of wing at center, the beams l, ll may be beveled above or below, and the wing may be any length or any width found expedient, and of plan any contour. n f

rIhe ailerons shown in Fig. l and Fig. 3 are given to show how they may bev attached or used, either let into the wing as 'in Fig. l or hinged to rear edge of wing as in Fig. 3.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is j l. An airplane wing including a framing formingthe body thereof having extensions projecting from opposite sides in two spaced positions disposed longitudinally thereof in spaced relation to and substantially paralleling the longitudinal edge thereof, and a covering for the structure, the same presenting substantially straight surfaces between the members and the said edges of said frame.

2. An airplane wing including a substan tially flat framing forming the body thereof, two members extending from opposite sur- Yfaces of the framing disposed longitudinally thereof in widely spaced relation, one being spaced fromtheleading edge and the other being spaced from the aft edge of the frame and Vsubstantially paralleling 'the named edges, and a covering for the structure presenting substantially straight surfaces betweenthe said members and between the latter and the said leading and aft edges.

3. In an airplane wing, a framing forming the body of said wing, anda projection at each side of the framing extending longitudinally of the latter at two spaced positions and substantially paralleling an edge ofthe same, each forming ridges along said wing extending from the planel of the same, and a covering enclosing the frame and the proj ec tions. e

4. In an airplane wing, a flat framing forming the body of said wing, a pair of members at each side of and projecting from the framing disposed longitudinally thereof and paralleling the longest edge of the wing, the members of each pair being spaced from each other, and each spaced from one of the edges ofthe frame, and a covering enclosing the structure, the same presenting'substantially l flat surfaces over the same.

5. An airplane wing including in its construction a fiat frame comprising longitudinal members and end members, the said longitudi- Y 6. An airplane wing including in its construction a fiat frame comprising longitudinal members and end members, the said longi tudinal members forming the front and rear edges'of said wing,.cross ribsI spaced from eachother and connecting at their ends -the said longitudinal members, a pair of beams extending longitudinally ofthe frame upon its top, the saine being spaced from each other and from the front and rear edges of the frame and extending to the said end members and overlying the said ribs and tapered at their ends Von their upper surfaces to sub# stantially conform to the said end members.

7 An airplane wingincluding in its construction a flat frame comprising longitudinal side members aiid'end members, the said longitudinal,members constituting the front and rear edges of the wing, cross ribs spaced from eacli other'and connecting thesaidlongitudinal members, a pair of beams extending longitudinally of thefraine upon its'top and spaced from each other. and from the front and rear edges of the frame and also extend-V ing` to the said end members and overlying the said'ribs, the beam lying nearest the said rear edge of the frame' having a less height than thevforward beam. Y Y i' 8. Anairplane `wing"including a mainv frame parts of which constitute the `margins of th'ewing,a series of ribs extending transversely within thezframe and secured to the*V fore and aft members thereof, and pair of beams on. the upper andL lower sides of the fra-ine extending longitudinally of the same crossing thefsaid ribs and secured thereto and substantially paralleling the said fore andv aft members. Y Y

An airplane wing of the wing, a series of ribs extending transverselywithin the' frame and secured to the fore and aft members thereof, a pair of beams on the upper and lower sides of the frame ex- Ytending longitudinallypof the same crossing` the ribs and secured thereto and substantially paralleling the said fore and aft'members,

including a main frame parts of which Vconstitute the margins v is@V and a brace extending diagonally of the frame between and secured to said beams.

10. An airplane wing comprising a main frame parts of which constitute the margins of the wing, a series of ribs extending transversely within the lframe and secured to the fore and aft members thereof, a pair of beams on the upper and lower sides of the frame extending longitudinally of the saine crossing the ribs and substantially paralleling the said fore and aft members, and a covering enclosing the structure, said covering presenting substantially flat surfaces bridged between the several beams and the said fore and aft members.

l1. An airplane wing comprising a framing the member of which form the margins of said wing, transverse ribs extending between the fore and aft members of the frame, a pair of beams lying upon the upper surface of the frame extending from end to end thereof substantially paralleling the said fore and aft members, a pair of beams on the under surface of said frame also extending from end to end thereof and substantially paralleling the fore and aft members, and a covering enveloping the structure, the same bridging between the several beams and bridging between the beams and the said fore and aft members. y

12. An airplane wing having a narrow leading edge and a narrow rear edge and including a pair of extensions projecting each side of the plane in which the edges lie, the same substantially paralleling said edges and spaced therefrom and from each other and extending from end to end of the wing,one of the extensions, or that lying nearest the rear edge of the wing being of lower height than the other, and a covering enveloping the edges and the extensions and presenting flat surfaces between the parts over which they extend.

13. An airplane wing having a comparatively thin leading edge and a thin rear edge, the said edges and wing tips all lying in one plane, said wing at its upper surface having a straight surface inclined at an angle upwardly and rearwardly from its leading edge,

and at its lower surface having a straight surface inclined downwardly and rearwardly from said leading edge at a much less angle, the lower surface of the wing rearward thereof substantially paralleling said planethe upper surface of the wing rearward of the angular portion extending toward said plane as the rear edge of said wing is approached.

14. An airplane wing having a comparatively thin leading edge and a thin rear edge, the said edges and wing tips all lying in one plane, said wing at its upper surface having a straight surface inclined at an angle upwardly and rearwardly from its leading edge, and at its lower surface having a straight surface inclined downwardly and rearwardly from said leading edge at a much less anglel JAMES B. SLINN.