US176066A - Improvement in processes for annealing glass - Google Patents
Improvement in processes for annealing glass Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US176066A US176066A US176066DA US176066A US 176066 A US176066 A US 176066A US 176066D A US176066D A US 176066DA US 176066 A US176066 A US 176066A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- processes
- annealing
- glass
- articles
- improvement
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 20
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 title description 16
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 title description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 210000000038 chest Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920002456 HOTAIR Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000014787 Vitis vinifera Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 240000006365 Vitis vinifera Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 description 2
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B25/00—Annealing glass products
- C03B25/02—Annealing glass products in a discontinuous way
Definitions
- This invention relates to that class of processes employed for annealing articles of glass; and it consists in subjecting the articles to be annealed to the action Of superheated steam in a suitable receiver or chest, the articles being thus raised quickly to a high temperature, which is afterward gradually reduced by gradually reducing the temperature Of the steam.
- I employ a receiver or chest of suitable strength, in which I place the articles to be annealed. 1 then admit superheated steam into the receiver, which quickly raises the temperature of the articles to the desired point, after which the temperature of the steam is gradually reduced.
- the essential features to successful annealing are thus obtained, viz: rapidly raisin g the temperature to a hi gli" point and gradually reducing it afterward.
- the superheated steam possesses the quality of raising fusible articles to a higher point of temperature without melting than ordinary furnace-heat; and it is well known that in annealing the higher the temperature to which the material is raised the greater is the subsequent shrinkage or condensation, and therefore the in crease of strength in the material treated.
- the process requires no unusually expensive machinery, and no handling or moving of the articles while they are being annealed.
- superheated steam I mean steam at a temperature above 212 Fahrenheit, whether the heat is obtained by pressure or by superheating apparatus.
- Heated compressed air may be substituted for superheated steam, either medium being adapted to produce a good annealing efi'ect, the heated compressed air having nearly as good an effect as the steam, an important advantage resulting from the use of either medium being the exclusion of drafts of air at varying temperatures from the material undergoing the annealing process.
- compressed hot air I mean either air heated in a strong air tightchamber, and compressed by its effort to expand, or air which is compressed by other means.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Re-Forming, After-Treatment, Cutting And Transporting Of Glass Products (AREA)
Description
UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.
GEORGE E. ROGERS, OF CHELSEA, MASSACHUSETTS.
IMPROVEMENT lN PROCESSES FOR ANNEALING GLASS.
Specification forming part of Letters Patent NO. l76,066, dated April 11, 1876; application filed January 27, 1876.
To all whom it may concern Beit known that I, GEORGE EDWIN ROGERS, of Chelsea, in the county of Suffolk and State of Massachusetts, have invented certain Improvements in Processes for Annealing Glass and other Materials, of which the following is a specification:
This invention relates to that class of processes employed for annealing articles of glass; and it consists in subjecting the articles to be annealed to the action Of superheated steam in a suitable receiver or chest, the articles being thus raised quickly to a high temperature, which is afterward gradually reduced by gradually reducing the temperature Of the steam.
1n carrying out my invention, I employ a receiver or chest of suitable strength, in which I place the articles to be annealed. 1 then admit superheated steam into the receiver, which quickly raises the temperature of the articles to the desired point, after which the temperature of the steam is gradually reduced. The essential features to successful annealing are thus obtained, viz: rapidly raisin g the temperature to a hi gli" point and gradually reducing it afterward. The superheated steam possesses the quality of raising fusible articles to a higher point of temperature without melting than ordinary furnace-heat; and it is well known that in annealing the higher the temperature to which the material is raised the greater is the subsequent shrinkage or condensation, and therefore the in crease of strength in the material treated.
Among the advantages of my improved process may be named its cheapness and practicability, entire absence of liability of injuring the articles Or discoloring them, as well as the high degree Of heat attainable without melting, as above mentioned.
The process requires no unusually expensive machinery, and no handling or moving of the articles while they are being annealed.
By superheated steam I mean steam at a temperature above 212 Fahrenheit, whether the heat is obtained by pressure or by superheating apparatus.
Heated compressed air may be substituted for superheated steam, either medium being adapted to produce a good annealing efi'ect, the heated compressed air having nearly as good an effect as the steam, an important advantage resulting from the use of either medium being the exclusion of drafts of air at varying temperatures from the material undergoing the annealing process.
I do not confine myself to the process of heating .rapidly and cooling slowly, as the process may be reversed for producing other results upon the material.
For giving a hard surface to the glass and rendering it proof against breakage by 0011- cussion I suddenly reduce the temperature from near the melting-point of the glass to about 400 Fahrenheat.
By compressed hot air I mean either air heated in a strong air tightchamber, and compressed by its effort to expand, or air which is compressed by other means.
1 am aware that glass has been annealed by immersing it while hot in a bath of hot liquid at a temperature lower than that of the glass as in the several patents of Le Bastie; and I therefore disclaim any process in which the articles are so treated.
I claim- The process herein described for annealing glass, consistingin subjecting the articles to be annealed to the action of superheated steam in a close receiver.
In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.
GEORGE EDWIN ROGERS.
Witnesses:
LIZZIE H. BROWN, 0. F. BROWN.
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US176066A true US176066A (en) | 1876-04-11 |
Family
ID=2245473
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US176066D Expired - Lifetime US176066A (en) | Improvement in processes for annealing glass |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US176066A (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3228760A (en) * | 1962-08-24 | 1966-01-11 | Thermal Syndicate Ltd | Method of tempering by heat treating vitreous silica |
US3228761A (en) * | 1962-08-24 | 1966-01-11 | Thermal Syndicate Ltd | Method of fine annealing transparent vitreous silica |
-
0
- US US176066D patent/US176066A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3228760A (en) * | 1962-08-24 | 1966-01-11 | Thermal Syndicate Ltd | Method of tempering by heat treating vitreous silica |
US3228761A (en) * | 1962-08-24 | 1966-01-11 | Thermal Syndicate Ltd | Method of fine annealing transparent vitreous silica |
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