US1760083A - Constant-compression engine - Google Patents

Description

y 7, 1930. A. c. PETERSON CONSTANT COMPRESSION ENGINE Filed Sept. 7, 1922 3 Sheets-Sheet l y 7, 1930. A. c. PETERSON I 1,760,083

CONSTANT COMPRESSION ENGINE Filed Sept. '7, 1922 3 sheets-sheet 2 6/ l I i J4 60/ I 23 62 54 I l I /a a l I May 27, 1930.

A. C. PETERSON CONSTANT COMPRES S ION ENGINE Filed Sept.7 1922 ssheets-sheet I5 \X' fig l E a l 5/ X g a W- Ii 4 III'IIIIIIIIIIIII'III 'jnv-ezztm:

" Patented May 27, 1913 UNITED STATES ADOLIHE C. PETERSON, OF MINNEAPOLIfl-KINTIESdTL "cousranr-comrnnssion Enema Application filed s t iier'i, 192a. s i-a m. 586,720.

My invention relates to internal combus- 'tion engines and particularly to'an engine having various improved features but'in' particular a constant compression wherefore it is called a constant compression engine.

The principal'objects of my invention areto provide an engine having a constant'compress on whereby efliciency is secured,'to provide an engine which simple 111 construction,-simple in its valve mechanismys'implein its general construction, simple in its cooling means, silent and durable in operation,

which provideslarge port area, full volumet ric efiiciency at high speeds, and which-in general provides an engine which maybe economically constructe operation and maintenance. 1 l The principal feature of novel form-of char ing which is provided by is economical in a novel valve and ow system.

The principal dGVICBShIIdCOIHbIRiLtlOIIS of devices comprising my invention are as here-- inafter described and as defined in the claim.

In the accompanying drawings which illustrate my invention, like characters re ferto like parts throughout the several views.

Referring to the drawings: 7

Figure 1, is a View chiefl in vertical cross section on the line XI-X of Figures 2 and 3, some parts being broken away and some parts being shown in full side elevation.

' Figure 2 is a view chiefly in-vertical cross sectionon the line X--' of Figure 1, some parts being broken away and some parts being shown in full side elevation. 5 4

Figure 3 is an end view of the engine shown in Figures 1 and 2. p 9

Fig. 4 is an enlarged section of the'valve. Fig. 5 is an enlarged frontelevation ofthe same valve. a

Fig. 6 is a detail section of certain conduits. I

Referring again to the drawingsythenumeral 1 indicates the main casting of the engine, and this casting has formed integrally with it cylinders 2 and has cast end members 3 and a crank chamber bottom 4, which latter has-broad sides 5 whereby the bottom 4 forms with the remaining portionso'f the casting a rigid construction supporting the y side's'as shown. myengin'e is a *2. Each'gas-c ar g I g 23 at its lower end; QIIVQImgPXtO' thB cylinder otherparts and at the same time forms a lubricating reservoir. The castingl "has thereby arectangularform intheup er part wherein the cylinders are formed and su ported and this rectangular' form is square y cut ofi on each side so that so-called radiator sides 6 and 7 respectively, inay*be attached one to each-side of the main casting and thereby cover the sides of the crank chamber and also provide a waterjacket space 8 extending from the cylinderson each "side into radiator --res'ervoir's 9' and '10respectively" formed in the radiator sides 6'and ,7, The

radiator reservoirs-9 and 10 have air-cooling tubes 11 passing vertically upward through them ."f rmed in or welded'in the radiator The radiator sides 6 and 7 are preferably cast of aluminum'and constit1itenot only'the A radiator reservoirs 9--'10 and crankcase sides but also containint'e rally cast't'ubes or 'conduits as hereinafter ascribed whereby when they are secured to tlie'sides of the Ina-incesting-\these conduits together withthe conduits or ports cast in the main casting I'connect all the parts in theirw'orking cooperation.-

Each cylinder has within it a reci roc'able sleeve '12 having a close sliding fitan within the sleeve having a close sliding fit therein a reciprocable piston 13 adapted to drive 15 mounted in ball bearings in the .end mam bers-;3. -The crank shaft/15 through a. halftime gear,'1617 drives an eccentricshaft; 18

' having eccentrics 19 at half the crank shaft "speed, each eccentric 19 reciprocating one of *the-sleeves 12.

witha close fit'whereby compressionmay be maintained in the'cylinder. The he'ad ca sting 20 has also integrall formed gas-charge through related crank rods 14 a crank shaft 7 the upper'end of therelatedl's'leeve' 12 slides chambers'22,lone for eac cylinder formed in the centerof the related head 21 immediately above-thecom ression space of the cylinder chamber '22 has a'poi't bore and at its upper end has a port 24. The ports 24 either two cylinders are. controlled;

y a small reciprocating piston valve 25 which is reciprocated b a rod 26, bell-crank 27 and veccentricrod 28 y an eccentric 29 rotated by) eccentric shaft 18, A fuel v pu mp' piston 33 is reciprocated through a connect mg rod also by bell-crank 27.

he .piston .33 umps'wliquidfi fuel. from, conduit 34 and elivers t, hi pressure through a spray nozzle into-a mlxing'cham her 35 which receives air from aconduit 36 I as hereinafter described, and delivers the mixture of fuel and air as controlled by valve 25- alternately during the suction or charging H strokes of the relatedfpistons into the gas-i charge chambers 22. Thevalve 25 alsohasan interior passage :37 by which as controlled by 7, Valve 38 air only may be deliveredinto eachas chargechamber as hereinafter-described,

and returned to the water space'8. Thewater (pump 39 is driven by a chain sprocket'wheel 42,by chain 43 by sprocket wheel 44 upon ecvcentric shaft 18. The shaft 45 of the water *pumpv39 extends through castin '1 and drives an electric generator 46 mounte upon a. shelf a 47 formed ntegrally with casting 1 The crank shaft 15 has mounted upon it at one end an air blower 48 placed in .a chamber castin 49 formed b main: castin 1 and in the side main streame fair normallyflows through a v 1 ort50into two-branchconduits-51 52 (see sti'feams, through the tubes, 1 1 of the related 50 air-chamber 53 into separate air-conduits '54.,

a I vi'gure2) which pass-respective y .c hrough the side castings; 6 -7 and each delivers into .4

-,radiator sides 6-.7 and each receiving air an individual air chamber 53 fromwhich the individual air stream flows .inr manysmaller The air conduits 54 directianair stream adjacent to, and past a port 55 in the related cylln- 1 1der. into anairv conduit 56 which then delivers into c f two bmmo rexha ls ond i .57or 58. E'achc linder; thus has two. ports 55, one. on. each sid latedtothe a, constituted e, and as described has re- I I 'side;,and has 'related. -to;.t,heport 55fon its .jiaireconduits 54,556 otthat side. For each cylinder there'is thus a relatedpassage on I 36' the'air. being heated by. an electric .heat

other Sidepan air-passage each of its two sidesadapted to conduct an individual stream ef air adjacent to and past one of its two ports 55. The conduits 5-1-52 6. and this air lower receivesair I :from t e atmosphere anddellvers under wlow pressure 1n several streams flSyfOllOWS. The I port 550m one-side an air-passage are cast in the main casting 1 and the radiator sides 6,7 The conduits 51-52 in the radiator sides 67 join similar conduits in the main casting 1, shown in Figure 3, and extending to a common oint or meeting adjacent to port'50, shown 1n Figure 1."; Likewise the exhaust conduits 57-58 are cast in the two radiator sides 67 and extend to the opposite end of the main casting 1 into the housm of blower 59. As hereinafter described main casting 1 and radiator sides 67 have the conduitsso cast' in them as to form the connections herein described. The exhaust conduits 57-58 deliver'to the interior space of a blower 59 mounte'd upon and driven by the cranksshaft 15 at the oppositeend'from that'on which blower 48'is placed and-by this blower 59 the exhaust air and products as hereinafter described are drawn andpassed to atmosphere. The two -.blowers.48; and 59 operate 'conjointly to produce a. continuous and effective blast of air through the air. conduits so that under oper-' fV ation there isfla constant and strong blast of airqthrough each of the individualpassages 54 -56 past theirrelatedports 55. Either blower 48 or 59may alone be used: for this purpose" it" being contemplated that. the use of the two will produce a more'continuous and eflt'ective blast. I,

,21. Each cylinder has in its related sleeve 12 two ports 60 (see Figure 2) 'each'of which in the downward'movement of'the sleeve is adapted to permit communication between ,-,the cylinder through theports with the two related {individual air condu'its or passages adj'acentto them during a little more than the entire period of the exhaustand suction strokes of the related a iston. a

The main stream 0 air as described.-normally flows through the-tubes 11 on its way to. thevpassa'ges 5456 in streams related to each, port 55, but part or all. ofthe main stream may. be directed directly into theindividual passages 54 from two supplementary air conduits 61 '62feachformed 1n one ofthe from the air-blower 48 when a flat valve 63 ism ved to direct all or part of themain stream directly into the passages 54 by way of the [conduits 61-62, the individual, air

streams through the passa es 54 into the as- 56 pastt e ports 55 eing reserve in sagle eit ercase. The valve 63 may e manually moved and the water temperature thereby controlled,,but it is to be noted thatthis may space 8.

48 delivers a small stream of airintofconduit ing element 65, and conduit 64 also delivers a small stream of air into conduit 37 only- M Arconduit 64 receiving air also from blower when valve is opened-insome oftheoperation ashereinafter described. The'conconduit37 is o housing of be] -crank 27; andeccentric rod 28 isa closed housing'so this air delivery which is at relatively low: ressure, maybe accomplished; I The conduit v37 has small ports 37 at each end which deliver to annular spaces I- V air blast through-*the" relate Hair cofl H The crank shaft 15 by means of an eccentric products' with it into theexh'austronduits 37 and 37 formed in the valve 25.

66 drives a lubricating oil piston 67 which reci rocates in an oil lubricating cylinder 68 p aced in the bottom 4 and'delivering into a conduit 69 which delivers to the central any portion of the engine as is usually done.

- A spark plug 72, one in each gas charge chamber 22 receives a spark periodically at the period of or near maximum compression in each cylinder by current from the distributer 73.

It is to be noted that each of the radiator e e of gas mixture into the gas charge chamber sides 6--7 close one side of the main casting 1 and since all the operating parts are in- I,

cluded in interstices in casting 1 which are open at the sides these interior spaces or interstices are all closed when the side members 6-7 are bolted on the main casting and only the operating shafts 15 and 18.and the water pump shaft protrude whereby a closed whole is secured and all the operating parts are readily accessible by removing the side members 6-7. And as certain of the conduits are e shown and thereby delivery-10f fuel maybe proportioned to the loadi" The-jdelivery-of 1 air "withthe fuel from the chamber 35*to gas charge'chambers 22;;will depen'd on the extent of the openin of the hand valve shown con condu'it aersnd t isshou'ld be so manuallycontained inthe side members and cooperate with passages in the main casting these are also joined up properly by the mere attaching of the side members 6-7.

In the operation of my engine, the crank shaft 15 is given initial revolution by any means, as for instance the generator 46 operating as a motor, and when so revolved the blower 48 will draw air from the atmosphere and pass it through the tubes 11 from chambers 53 through each related set of air-conduits 54-56 thereby passing the air stream in separated individual air streams past each port 55 of each cylinder 2. The separated air streams passing by each ort 55 into air conduits 56 meet again in t e two exhaust conduits 57-58 and the two main streams in the two exhaust conduits 57-58 themselves join sleeve 12 of the particular cylinder 2 and in the first or exhaust portion the cylinder will exhaust into" the 'air-} stream; passing'by the ports" 55 and diurin the succeeding suction dult 37? provides means whereby, when valve 7 38 is opened, air may; flow from conduit 64 to the housing of the bell-crank 27 v"and thence to the-adjacent end of" the valve 25, atgwhich* en as showniin Figure The into the cylinder. Whiletheeylinder 'isexhaustin the pressure of exhaust carries the 'gas' products or combustion products into-the passin air stream but the flow through port 55 of t e cylinder-is reversedas soon 'as'suction; is induced by the'suction stroke ofthe related piston. 'During-this" roceedi'n the 54 -56 "constantly carries exhaustfcombustion occurs'there is fresh air flowinggastthe ports which" fresh air is then -'i'nduce cylinder. *A minor air stream flows from'blower' 48 through mixing chamber 3'5 where it"will to enter the constantly receive fuelspra'yed ina fine'spray .intoit and fromthe fuel; pump and g the as mixture formed will "then as controlled y the piston valve 25, periodically pass into each gas charge chamber '22.} This charging 22 =will occur during the"suction' stroke of w the related piston in 'cylinder 2. The volume of air drawn into-"each chamber- 22- during itsichargingiperiod' will'depend upon-the extent of 'open'ing of valve 38 which isimanw 34A inFigure ,1 is opened by the hand valve controlled that; in 'i -el'ativel y light loads "a small volume of a air {will pa s andthereby all or mostxo'f the fuel charge will not be-ex-' pelled oridrawn' under suction from chamber 22 and so that at heavy loads a relatively large woluine of. airmay pass and the reby some. of .the :periodic. fuel chargemay be carried out 1 of the chambers'22 into the 'main combustion chamber or cy linder' through sport The extent to which the fuel charge in the chamber 22 discharges fromlthat chamber into theamai-n" space; of the cylinder will depend upon the volume of air'which enters the chamber 22 from I conduit l 36 and thereby the degree of commin ling-of the fuel mixture'in chamber 22 wi hthe' main; body-of air is'controlled; 'v 1; a y 1 Under some' conditions as'maximum load, the valve 38 may be opened whereby some pure air chargeravmayrbe admitted from the housing of bell-crank 27 and may be admitted to the chamber 22 immediately after the gas charge during the same suction stroke whereby a still further mixing of the fuel and air charge is secured in the main compression space A. .Under, all CODdltlOIlS maximum compressionfis maintained inethe cylinders;-

at compression periods .as the air charge through the port's-55is never restrictedand- .under. all conditions at maximum compres i sion before ignition or near that period some of the air'charge or air and fuel char e H as the case may be willbe-forced from t e com 'ression s ace A into the chamber 22 p causing turbu ence and mixing of the charge in chamber 22,1 on account of the restrictedflow through the port between the chamber 22v and the cylinder space. As the airand fuelvch arg'esfin chambers 22 are'thereby controlled according to the load conditions ignition isalwa scertain irrespective of the load,

because un er light load conditions a rich air and fuel mixture is retained in the'chamber 22 at the ignition period. It is to be noted that the control of the air charge to chambers 22 maybe either wholly by-the control ofj'the aircharge entering through conmeans. v a v- The water cooling means by tubes 11'is shown merely incidentally inconnectionwith the air charging means as an efiicient utilization of the ai'r-chargingstream for cooling said port, a sleeve valve governing saidport and controlling the alternate expulsion of exhaustgas from said cylinder into said air stream and the admission from said air stream of scavenging air and additional mixture airforuse in the. ensuing fuel charge for the engine throuh said ort, said fuel charge being admitte throng an independently' valve-controlledport into the combustionchamber of theengine.

, In witness whereof I have hereunto hand this 9th da v of September,i1921.- ADO PHE C." PETERSON.

set my duit 36 by valve 36A in conduit 36 or by other I inaddition, but it is to be noted that the cooling by means of the passing of the air charging stream through the tubes 11 ma be omitted and an other cooling means use It is toibe noted of my engine is the passing of-the individual air streams through each set'of air vconduits 54--56, by each port 55, by means of blowers 48-59 or either of these blowers so that there is an independent current of air passing by each port 55 for. carrying off the exhaust of the port 55 during exhaust period and fordelivering fresh air to the port 55 during the ports suction period. The fuel charging by the minor air stream throu hthe'mixing chamber 35 is an incidenta feature-of the-charging system but this fuel charging may be accomplished .by any other known means, While I have shownparticular. detailed devices and combinations of devices'in the that the principal feature a illustration of my. invention I contemplate that other detailed devices and combinations of devices maybe used in the realization of my invention without departin

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