US1755114A - Unicontrol signaling system - Google Patents

Unicontrol signaling system Download PDF

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Publication number
US1755114A
US1755114A US20484A US2048425A US1755114A US 1755114 A US1755114 A US 1755114A US 20484 A US20484 A US 20484A US 2048425 A US2048425 A US 2048425A US 1755114 A US1755114 A US 1755114A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
circuits
frequency
condenser
control
circuit
Prior art date
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Expired - Lifetime
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US20484A
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English (en)
Inventor
Louis A Hazeltine
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BAE Systems Aerospace Inc
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Hazeltine Corp
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Priority to NL18770D priority Critical patent/NL18770C/xx
Application filed by Hazeltine Corp filed Critical Hazeltine Corp
Priority to US20484A priority patent/US1755114A/en
Priority to GB14857/25A priority patent/GB250162A/en
Priority to FR599767D priority patent/FR599767A/fr
Priority to DEH102335D priority patent/DE534456C/de
Priority to AT118870D priority patent/AT118870B/de
Priority to US224543A priority patent/US1755115A/en
Publication of US1755114A publication Critical patent/US1755114A/en
Application granted granted Critical
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03J—TUNING RESONANT CIRCUITS; SELECTING RESONANT CIRCUITS
    • H03J3/00—Continuous tuning
    • H03J3/28—Continuous tuning of more than one resonant circuit simultaneously, the tuning frequencies of the circuits having a substantially constant difference throughout the tuning range
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G5/00—Capacitors in which the capacitance is varied by mechanical means, e.g. by turning a shaft; Processes of their manufacture
    • H01G5/04—Capacitors in which the capacitance is varied by mechanical means, e.g. by turning a shaft; Processes of their manufacture using variation of effective area of electrode
    • H01G5/06—Capacitors in which the capacitance is varied by mechanical means, e.g. by turning a shaft; Processes of their manufacture using variation of effective area of electrode due to rotation of flat or substantially flat electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03F—AMPLIFIERS
    • H03F1/00—Details of amplifiers with only discharge tubes, only semiconductor devices or only unspecified devices as amplifying elements
    • H03F1/08—Modifications of amplifiers to reduce detrimental influences of internal impedances of amplifying elements
    • H03F1/14—Modifications of amplifiers to reduce detrimental influences of internal impedances of amplifying elements by use of neutralising means
    • H03F1/16—Modifications of amplifiers to reduce detrimental influences of internal impedances of amplifying elements by use of neutralising means in discharge-tube amplifiers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03J—TUNING RESONANT CIRCUITS; SELECTING RESONANT CIRCUITS
    • H03J3/00—Continuous tuning
    • H03J3/24—Continuous tuning of more than one resonant circuit simultaneously, the circuits being tuned to substantially the same frequency, e.g. for single-knob tuning

Definitions

  • This invention relates to radio amplifiers and radio receivers.
  • the circuit arrangement for reception of radio signals which hasproduced excellent 5 results because of its sensitivity and selectivity is that employing tuned radio-frequency amplification in several stages, with elimination or neutralization of coupling between stages, as describedin my United States Let- 1 ters Patents No. 1,489,228, No. 1,533,858, No. 1,577,421 and N 0. 1,648,808. While receivers of this type have met with almost universal approval from users, it has been recognized that it would be highly desirable to reduce the means for tuning to a single control, and further to obviate the need of an external antenna.
  • Telephone transmitting stations employ undamped carrier currents, the oscillations of which have no decrement, so that the incoming signals can be received in closely coupled and sharply tuned circuits.
  • undamped carrier currents permitting the use of closely coupled and sharply tuned circuits has previously necessitated an individual control for each of the several stages. This multiplicity of controls is due to the fact that manufacturers have been unable, in practical construction, to produce coils and condensers with substantially no variation in electrical characteristicsa condition which must be met if a single control is to be employed for tuning a plurality of circuits exactly.
  • receivers are frequently used with antennas improperly erected by those unfamiliar with the preferred characteristics of such structures, so that such antennas Vary widely in their constants, and consequently the tuning of the circuit immediate- 1y associated with the antenna system is affected within wide limits.
  • One of the main advantages of this invention resides in its application to a multistage radio-frequency amplifier wherein a single control may be employed, as distinguished from the previously discussed master-control together with supplemental controls for the individual stages.
  • Another feature of the invention resides in the provision of a complete antenna system entirely supported by a cabinet.
  • Fig. 1 shows a plan view of a radio receiver embodying this invention, with the tain parts broken away to disclose the in-.
  • Fig. 1 shows a side elevational view of this receiver with a side wall removed
  • Fig. 1 shows a form of electrostatic scree utilized in the preferred embodiment of this invention
  • Fig. 1 shows the complete circuit diagram of the receiver illustrated in the figures above;
  • Fig. 2 shows a calibration curve of a variable condenser
  • Figs. 2 and 2 show two views of a referred constructionfor the variable con ensers, including the two adjustable features; Fig. 2 being a sectional view taken along line 2 of Fig. 2".
  • a ra '0 receiver cabinet with an upper compartment 5, 6, 7 and 8 within which are mounted coils T T,, T,, a multi-unit condenser with units C1, C, and (3,, vacuum tubes V V,, V,, V an audio-frequency transformer AF, and all necessary batteries enclosed in a metal container.
  • coils in order to minimize undesirable magnetic coupling between them, are mounted in a row at one side of the compartment with their axes inclined at an angle of approximately to their common line of centers.
  • the shaft of the multi-unit condenser is mounted in bearings supported at the front and rear of the compartment and is arranged to be rotated by a control or pointer 26 which moves over a scale 27 on the panel or front of the cabinet.
  • a control or pointer 26 which moves over a scale 27 on the panel or front of the cabinet.
  • rheostats for controlling the heating current of the vacuum tubes.
  • the interior of the mentioned compartment may be lined with an electrostatic screen in the form of zig-zag wires, such as 9, indicated in Fig. 1", and similar wire screens 9 indicated by dotted lines in Fig. 1 may be employed to rtially shield the stages from each other.
  • Etch section of the screens should referably be connected at one point to the ow-potential side of the filament circuit.
  • This system of screens, together with the batteries and their container appearing in the upper right hand corner of Fig. 1', may, due to the resulting large conducting surface, serve as a counterpoise in the antenna system. In this way the conductin surface is made large and the resistance of t is portion of the antenna system reduced.
  • a metal sheet 1 serving as an antenna, which is connected to the first tuning coil T by means of a metal rod 2.
  • the above-described arran ement of counterpoise and antenna provi es an antenna 111 of very low radio-frequency resistance and of fairly high capacity relative to the linear dimensions, although the effective height is low.
  • the low resistance and moderate capacity of the antenna make desirable cation and one stage of audio-frequency amplification, provided it is desired to receive well only those stations which are near enough not to have pronounced fading, orto be affected seriously by atmosphericdisturbances.
  • the preferred embodiment includes a self-contained antenna
  • the value of this invention resulting in extreme simplicity of control may be had with antenna and ground exterior to the cabinet, if there be provided in the antenna circuit a condenser of such capacity that small changes in capacity resulting from changes in antennas are negligible as compared with the resultant capacity of the condensers; or if such antenna condenser be arranged to be adjusted once for all with the particular antenna employed.
  • a convenient and compact form of tuning condenser is that having circular moving plates. This form of condenser gives within its working range a straight line relation between capacity and angular adjustment,-
  • the condenser plates be rigidly and accurately plane and parallel, so that the calibration curve, Fig. 2, will be identical in shape for all condensers.
  • This curve should preferably be a straight line.
  • a supplemental or auxiliary adjustable plate 10 shown in Figs.
  • ad justable plate 10 can be supported in any convenient manner, for it may, for example, be mounted as illustrated in Fig. 2".
  • the construction there represented provides a threaded journal 13 surrounding the condenser shaft 12.
  • On the inner end of this journal there is an integral collar 15 against which a nut 14 forces the condenser plate 10.
  • Another nut 17 holds the journal tightly to the insulating plate 16 and serves to lock the assembly after the proper adjustment has been made.
  • the adjustment 'of plate 11,-Figs. 2 and 2 will also compensate for accidental differences in the self-inductance of the tuning coils.
  • Mechanical forms of adjustment other than those indicated in Figs. 2 and 2 are, of course, possible, but, in general, they should be such as to determine or vary, first, the fixed or minimum value of the tuning capacity (or maximum resonant frequency), and second, the rate of change of capacity (or resonant frequency) with given displacement of the tuning control.
  • the apparatus previously described may be connected in a circuit arran ement similar to that shown in Fig. 1. nthis figure there are shown two sta es of tuned radiofrequency amplification including the vacuum tubes V and V a detector tube V and an audio-frequency amplifier including the tube V A greater or less number of stages of radio-frequency or of audio-frequency amplification may be used, if desired, without departing from the spirit of this inven tion.
  • the first tuned circuit of this diagram includes the electrostatic capacity of the antenna system above referred to which is not present in the tuned circuit of V, or the cirof V These two capacities will, in part,
  • regeneration control is incompatible with the unitary tuning control of aplurality ofsuccessive tuned stages in a vacuum tube amplifying system because any appreciable variation in the regeneration adj ustments necessitates a corresponding variation in the tuning control of those stages only in which the regeneration occurs.
  • the degree of regeneration and the corres onding tendency towards oscillations is argely determined by naturally variable factors, such as the condition of batteries, i. e., the internal resistance thereof, the settings of the filament rheostats and the characteristics of the vacuum tubes, because these and other factors influence the effectiveness of the coupling between the output and input circuits of the tube or tubes.
  • a wave signaling system the combination of an inductance coil, a variable condenser connected thereto, said coil and condenser together comprising a tuned circuit, and two independent adjusting means for said condenser, the adjustment of one of which determines the maximum resonant frequency of said circuit, and the ad ustment of t e other of which determines the rate of change of resonant frequency of said circuit.
  • a wave signalin system including a tuned multi-stage amp ifier each stage 'of which includes an oscillatory circuit comprising a coil and a variable condenser, said condenser having aplurality of adjustingmeans, a plurality of said circuits being simultaneously tunable by a common control, the method of renderin said circuits in resonnance with each other throughout their intended operating frequenc range, which comprises adjusting one 0 said means to bring said circuits into substantial resonance at a certain frequency, and adj ustlng a second of said means to determine the rate of change of resonant frequency when the frequency is variedcby said tuning control common to said cicuits.
  • a wave signaling system including a tuned multi-stage amplifier each stage of which includes an oscillatory circuit comprising a coil and a variable condenser, said condenser having a plurality of adjusting means, a plurality of said circuits being simultaneously tunable by a common control, the
  • a variable condenser connected in each oscillatory circuit to tune the same by variation of its electrostatic capacity, said condenser being characterized in that it includes three separate adjusting means, the first of which determines a minimum capacity value, the second of which determines a maximum capacity value, and the third of which effects a variation according to a predetermined manner in the values of electrostatic capacity between said minimum and maximum capacity values.
  • adjusting means connected in eac of said oscillatory circuits whereby the rate of change of resonant frequency of each of said circuits may be individually adjusted.
  • a plurality of adjusting means connected in each of said oscillatory circuits whereby the maximum resonant frequency of each of said circuits and the rate of chan of resonant frequency of each of said circuits may be individually adjusted.
  • a tuned radio-frequency amplifier having a plurality of oscillatory circuits simultaneously tunable over a certain frequency range by a unitary control
  • means supplemental to said control for individually adjusting the rate of change of resonant frequency of certain of said circuits whereby said oscillatory circuits may be maintained substantially 1n resonance with each other when tuned over said frequency range by said unitary control.
  • a wave signaling system the combination of an inductance coil, a tuning condenser having means for varying the capacity thereof, said coil and condenser being connected together to comprisean oscillatory circuit, and frequency-adjusting means for said circuit whereby the maximum resonant frequency of said circuit and the rate of change of resonant frequency of said circuit may be adjusted supplementally of said means for varying the capacity of said condenser.
  • each stage of an inductance coil and a tuning condenser connected thereto said condenser including capacity-varying means, each coil and condenser together comprising an oscillatory circuit which is adjustably resonant over a certain frequency range by variation of the capacity of said condenser, and. a plurality of means other than said capacity-varying means connected in each oscillatory circuit by which all of said circuits may be accurately adjusted individually to be in resonance with each other at at least two different frequencies in said frequency range when tuned simultaneously by said capacity varying means.
  • a wave signaling system wherein a plurality of oscillatory circuits are simultaneously tunable over a certain frequency denser in each of said circuits for tuning the same by adjustment of the position of said control, means connected in certain of said circuits for bringing all of said oscillatory circuits into resonance with each other at a plurality of frequencies within said range, comprising one adjustable electrical means for bringing-said circuits into resonance at one of the frequencies within said range when said unitary control is at acertain first position, and another adjustable electrical means for bringing said circuits into resonance at another frequency within said range when said unitary control is at a certain second position.
  • variable condenser connected in one of said oscillatory circuits to tune the same by variation of its electrostatic capacity, said condenserbeing characterized. in that it includes three adjusting means, the first of which operates in the usual manner to vary the electrostatic capacity of said condenser between certain minimum and maximum limits thereof, the second of which determines the said minimum limit thereof, and the third of which determines the rate of change of capacity resulting from variation of the firstmentloned adjusting means.
  • a vacuum tube in each stage having an input circuit and an output circuit, each input circuit including a coil and a variable condenser unit to tune said circuit to frequencies within an intended operating frequency range, undesired coup ing between said stages whereby a tendency toward oscillation is produced, means for limiting sa d tendency whereby detuning of any of said stages for oscillation control 1s rendered unnecessary, a plurality of ad usting means for at least one of said condenser units, each means of said plurality having its predominant effect at a different frequency, whereby all of'isaid input circuits may be caused to have substantially identical electrical characteristics thruout said operating frequency range, and a single manual control mechanically interconnecting said condenser units for tuning all of said input circuits simultaneously over said operating frequency range.
  • each input circuit including a coil and a variable condenser unit to tune said circuit to frequencies within an intended operating frequency range, undesired coupling between the input and output circuits of certain of sa1d stages whereby a tendency'towards oscillation is produced, means for limiting said tendency whereby detuning of any of said stages for oscillation control is rendered unnecessary, a plurality of frequency-adjustin means for at least one of said input circuits, one of said frequency-adjusting means comprising a minimum-capacity adjustment for one of said condenser units and another of said frequency-adjusting means comprising a se arate adjustment for the rate of change 0 frequency of one of said input circuits, whereby all of said input circuits may be caused to have substantially identical electrical characteristics'thruout said operating frequency range, and a single manual control mechanically interconnecting said condenser units for tuning all of said input circuits
  • each input circuit including a coil and a variable condenser unit to tune said circuit to frequencies within an intended operating frequency range, undesired coupling between the input and output circuits of at least one stage whereby a tendency towards oscillation is produced, means for limiting said tendency whereby detuning of any of said stages for oscillation control is rendered unnecessary, and a single manual control for tuning all of said input circuits simultaneously, certain of said condenser units being provided with a plurality of substantially independent adjustableting means supplemental to said single manual control and so arranged with respect thereto that the capacity value of each of said certain condenser units may be separatelv and independently adjusted at a plurality of different frequencies, whereby all of said input circuits may be caused to have substantially identical electrical characteristics thruout said operating frequency range.
  • a radio-frequency amplifying system including a plurality of vacuum tubes, each vacuum tube having an input circuit and an output circuit, at least one of said circuits of each tube being sharply tuned over an operating frequency range by means including a variable condenser unit, undesired coupling between the input and output cirsuits of at least one tube whereby a tendency towards oscillation is produced, means for limiting said tendency whereby detuning of any of said circuits for oscillation control is rendered unnecessary, and a single manual control for tuning simultaneously all of the circuits which include said condenser units, certain of said condenser units being provided with a plurality of substantially independent adjusting means supplemental to said single manual control and so arranged with respect thereto that the capacity value of each of said certain condenser units may be separately and independently adjusted at a plurality of different frequencies, whereby all of the circuits which include said condenser units may be caused to have substantially identical electrical characteristics thruout said operating frequency range.
  • a Vacuum tube in each stage having an input circuit and an output circuit, each input circuit including inductance and capacity, one of which is variable to tune said circuit to frequencies within an intended operating frequency range, undesired coupling between the input and out at circuits of certain of said stages where y a tendency towards oscillation is produced, means for limiting said tendency whereby detuning of any of said circuits for oscillation control is ren- 4 dered unnecessary, a unitary control common to said input circuits for simultaneously adjusting the resonant frequency thereof within said operating frequency range, and supplemental adjusting means connected in certain of said input circuits whereby the maximum resonant frequency of each of said certain input circuits and the rate of change of resontant frequency of each of said certain input circuits may be individually adjusted so that all of said input circuits may have' substantially identical electrical characteristics thruout said operating frequency range.
  • adjust-ing means supplemental to said plurality of oscillatory circuits are simultaneously tunable. over a certain frequency range by the movement of a. unitary frequency control, adjusting means connected in each of said oscillatory circuits for individually adjusting independently of the movement of said frequency control the rate of change of resonant frequency of each of said circuits.
  • adjusting means supplemental to said control for individually adjusting independently of the movement of said control the rate of change of resonant frequency of certain of said circuits, whereby said oscillatory circuits may be maintained substantially in resonance with each other when tuned over said frequency range by said unitary control.
  • a tuned radio-frequency amplifier having a plurality of oscillatory circuits simultaneously tunable over a certain frequency range by a unitary control
  • means supplemental to said control for individually adjusting the maximum resonant frequency and the rate of change of resonant frequency of certain of said circuits, whereby said oscillatory circuits may be maintained substantially in resonance with each other when tuned over said frequency range by said unitary control.
  • a radio-frequency signaling system intended to have a plurality of electrically similar oscillatory circuits, each said circuit being intended to be tunable over the same frequency range by movement of a frequency control
  • a plurality of, substantially independent means associated with a certain one of said circuits and supplemental to said frequency control to adjust said certain circuit at as many different frequencies as there are means provided, so that adjustment of said plurality of circuits from one of said different frequencies to another of said difi'erent frequencies requires the same extent of movement of all of said frequency controls.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Fixed Capacitors And Capacitor Manufacturing Machines (AREA)
  • Amplifiers (AREA)
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging Apparatus (AREA)
  • Input Circuits Of Receivers And Coupling Of Receivers And Audio Equipment (AREA)
  • Structure Of Receivers (AREA)
US20484A 1925-04-03 1925-04-03 Unicontrol signaling system Expired - Lifetime US1755114A (en)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL18770D NL18770C (en(2012)) 1925-04-03
US20484A US1755114A (en) 1925-04-03 1925-04-03 Unicontrol signaling system
GB14857/25A GB250162A (en) 1925-04-03 1925-06-08 Improvements in radio receiving apparatus
FR599767D FR599767A (fr) 1925-04-03 1925-06-16 Appareil de signalisation par ondes à commande unique
DEH102335D DE534456C (de) 1925-04-03 1925-06-18 Einstellkondensator mit beweglichen Plattensaetzen
AT118870D AT118870B (de) 1925-04-03 1925-07-01 Radio-Empfangseinrichtung.
US224543A US1755115A (en) 1925-04-03 1927-10-07 Variable condenser

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US20484A US1755114A (en) 1925-04-03 1925-04-03 Unicontrol signaling system

Publications (1)

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US1755114A true US1755114A (en) 1930-04-15

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US20484A Expired - Lifetime US1755114A (en) 1925-04-03 1925-04-03 Unicontrol signaling system

Country Status (6)

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US (1) US1755114A (en(2012))
AT (1) AT118870B (en(2012))
DE (1) DE534456C (en(2012))
FR (1) FR599767A (en(2012))
GB (1) GB250162A (en(2012))
NL (1) NL18770C (en(2012))

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Publication number Publication date
DE534456C (de) 1931-09-26
AT118870B (de) 1930-08-25
GB250162A (en) 1926-09-02
NL18770C (en(2012))
FR599767A (fr) 1926-01-20

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