US1754223A

US1754223A - Hydraulic brake

Info

Publication number: US1754223A
Application number: US217090A
Authority: US
Inventors: Melvin E Crowell; Jr William E White
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1927-09-02
Filing date: 1927-09-02
Publication date: 1930-04-15
Anticipated expiration: 1947-04-15

Description

will 15, 1930.

M. E. CRQWELL ET A1.

HYDRAULIC BRAKE Original Filed Sept. 2, 1927 1NVENTOR5. MELl/l/V E. (Rom/EAL. WILL/HM E WHITE, JR,

MELVIN E. GEOWELL, F FRANKLIN, INDIANA, AND WIIIJIII 1E. "WHITE, JR., 015

nnnnanns,

CALIFORNIA HYDRAULIC BRAKE Application filed September 2, 1927, Serial e and which can be easily actuated so that the desired braking force can be applied.

The chief feature of the invention consists in the eccentric and concentric relationships in a vane type mechanism which essentially consists of a pump having its intake connected to the discharge and with a control valve in said connection, which connection also serves as a reservoir for the relatively incompressible liquid utilized in the brake.

Another feature of the invention consists in the provision of means for relief of back pressure upon the vanes.

Another feature of the invention consists in the provision of means for positively insuring reciprocation of the vanes.

Another feature of the invention consists in the relief channelling extending oppositely from the intake and discharge to the quarter points.

The full nature of the invention will be understood from the accompanying drawings and the following description and claims. i

In the drawings Fig. 1 is a central sectional view thru the invention. Fig. 2 is a transverse sectional view taken on the line 22 of Fig. 1 in the direction of the arrows.

In the drawings, 10 indicates a body portion of suitable outline and suitably supported. It is provided with a pair of bearings 11 concentric with the opening 12, which openings are in aligned relation and eccen' tric to a cylindrical chamber 13 formed in the body 10. Positioned at each side of the cylindrical chamber are the internal bosses 14 which are eccentric to the openings 12 and, therefore, eccentric to the shaft 15 mounted in the bearings and extending thru the chamber.

Extending substantially across the chamber, from boss to boss, is a cylindrical rotor 16, the axis of which is coincident with the shaft axis and said rotor is suitably secured thereto as by the key 117. The peripherial surface of the rotor, therefore, is eccentric of No. 21?,090. Renewed. September 20, 1%9.

the axis of the cylindrical chamber. The rotor is provided with a plurality of radial slots 17 which herein are shown arranged in spaced relation and each receives a vane 18 adapted to reciprocate to and fro in said slot. The vane 18 has lateral projections, tongues or lugs 19 which ride upon the ring 20 mounted on the boss 14: and forming with the cylindrical wall of the chamber a groove 21..

As the rotor is rotated in the cylindrical chamber or vice versa, the lugs 19 travel around the ring 20 or, if the ring travels with them, said ring rolls on the internal boss 14. The foregoing action, by reason of the eccentricity of the boss 14 relative to the shaft 15, causes the vanes 18 to move in and out or at all times bear against the cylindrical wall of the chamber of the pump. To relieve any back pressure that might develop in the slot 17 and thus increase the resistance to the reciprocation of the vane 18 therein, each vane is grooved as at 22.

Formed in the body 10 is a passage 23 having

ports

24 and 25 communicating at diametrical points with the cylindrical wall or chamber 13. Movably mounted relative to the chamber 14 is a valve 26 which can be actuated in any desired manner or can be maintained in predetermined position with reference to restricting the opening between the two parts of the passage or reservoir 23.

When the valve 26 is closed as in Fig. 1, it will be substantially impossible to rotate shaft 15 with the rotor since such liquid as is taken from passage 23 thru the openings 24;

will be compressed and discharged into passage 23 behind the valve 26 until the pressure therein becomes so great that the pump piston can not rotate further. When the valve 26 is fully retracted, the rotor 16 rotates freely in the cylindrical chamber 18 and merely serves to constantly circulate the liquid thru the reservoir or passage 23. The resistance to the normally free circulation is the only loss, or friction load imposed by the brake. When it is desired to but lightly brake the rotation, valve 26 is but slightly closed and greater closure correspondingly increases the frictional load imposed upon the rotor. When considerable braking power is to be applied, valve 26 is closed to a considerable extent which correspondingly increases the resistance of the free flow of the liquid thru the pump. 1

To insure ease of operation, certain relief channelling is provided. Thus the channel 30 extends from the intake 24 to the quarter point and vane 18, as it leaves the intake 24, moves clockwise to the quarter point and the preceding vane likewise moves. At the quarter point the vane effectively seals the chamber ahead of it, Previous to that time, the chamber had been increasing and if no relief passages 30 were provided, a suction would result which would act as a back pressure or a sure would be increased and thus increase the frictional load of operation Without increasing the effective load, therefore, from the quarter point to the discharge 25 the relief passage 31 is provided. In moving from the discharge 25 from the meeting point between it and the intake 24 by reason of the eccentricity of the piston, such liquid as is trapped ahead of the vane 18 moving from the discharge 25, would be compressed and increase the frictional load. To relieve the same, the relief passage 32 is provided so that as the pressure increases, the liquid trapped ahead of the vane is forced out thru the passage 32 to the discharge 25, thus relieving all excess pressure in the chamber ahead of the vane 18 leaving the discharge 25. This relief extends substantially to the quarter point for it has been determined that such a distance is sufficient. By reason of the eccentricity, as the vane 18 moves from beneath the valve 26 toward the intake, the chamber back of the same would increase in volume and there would be a back pressure or suction exerted therein, thereby increasing the frictional load. To eliminate the same, the relief passage 33 is provided extending from the intake 24 to the quarter point and thus, as the volume of the chamber back of vane 18 increases appreciably, the same is vented to the intake 24 and all suction pressure is relieved.

- The invention claimed is:

1. In combination a body including a cylindrical chamber, comprising two parallel side walls and a cylindrical outer wall, a c lindrical rotor member of less diameter than the chamber and of a width less than the width of said chamber and eccentrically mounted therein, said member and said chamber body having relative rotation therebetween, a plurality of movably mounted vanes supported by said member and engaging the cylindrical wall of the chamber, a shaft extending into the chamber and eccentrically positioned relative thereto and concentrically arranged relative to said member and rigidly connected thereto, a boss upon one flat side of said chamber and extending inwardlyinto the chamber therefrom and con centric with the cylindrical wall thereof, an annular plate centrally apertured for reception by said boss and of a width sufficient to be simultaneously engaged upon opposite sides by said cylindrical side Wall and the rotor member side Wall and terminating in a cylindrical periphery of a diameter slightly less than the cylindrical wall of the chamber for forming a cylindrical groove therewith and a laterally extending tongue uponeach of said vanes and receivable by said groove for maintaining said vanes in substantial chamber contact in the relative rotation between the body and the member.

2. Adevice as defined by claim 1 characterizedby the opposite side of said cylindrical chamber, and the opposite side of each van'e being similarly formed and the addition of another annular plate similarly positioned for a like purpose.

3. A hydraulic construction including two relatively rotatable members, one comprising a cylinder and the other a piston, the cylinder including a cylindrical chamber, the piston being eccentrically mounted therein and including a plurality of radially arranged slots, a radially reciprocable vane in each slot, said vanes forming successively arranged compartments within and with the cylinder and piston, and a passage providing free communication between the bottom of each slot and an adjacent compartment, successive passages being arranged to communicate with successive compartments for relieving the back pressure in the slots.

4. A hydraulic brake including two relatively rotatable members, one member comprising a pump c linder and the other a pump piston, the ormer including a cylindrical chamber and the latter a radially vaned cylindrical piston, the axis thereof being eccentric to the chamber axis, a liquid containing reservoir communicating with the chamber through an intake and an exhaust and forming a closed cycle therewith, a valve interposed in said cycle for controlling the flow of liquid through the reservoir and the braking action, and a relief passage extending from the intake toward the discharge for relieving back pressure or suction upon the radially vaned cylindrical piston.

5. A hydraulic brake including two relatively rotatable members, one member comprising a pump 0 linder and the other a pump piston, the ormer including a cylindrical chamber and the latter a radially vaned cylindrical piston, the axis thereof being eccentric to the chamber axis, a liquid contain- Lauri-nae ing reservoir communicating with the chamber through an intake and an exhaust and forming a closed cycle therewith, a valve interposed in said cycle for controlling the flow of liquid through the reservoir and the braking action, and a relief passage extending from the discharge in the cylindrical chamber toward the intake for relieving compression pressure.

6.. it hydraulic brake including two relatively rotatable members, one membercomprising a pump cylinder and the other a pump piston, the former including a cylindrical chamber and the latter a radially vaned cylindrical piston, the axis thereof being eccentric to the chamber axis, a liquid containing reservoir communicating with the chamher through an intake and an exhaust and forming a closed cycle therewith, a valve interposed in said cycle for controlling the flow ing reservoir communicating with the chamher through an intake and an exhaust and forming a closed cycle therewith, a valve interposed in said cycle for controlling the flow of liquid through the reservoir and the braking action, the intake and exhaust being arranged diametrically opposite, the vaned piston including at least four vanes, arranged in spaced relation, and a relief passage extending oppositely from the intake and'the exhaust and toward each other but terminating prior to meeting, the non-relieved angular portion of the cylindrical chamber being substantially equal to the relieved portion.

In Witness whereof, We have hereunto affixed our signatures. I

WJLVIN E. CRO lLlJ. WILLIAM E. ll'llE, JR.