US1752253A - Power plant - Google Patents

Description

3 Sheets-Sheet l J. M. A.y G OINARD POWER PLANT Filed Feb. '7. 1925 f t #www .www :w a 2.",2' Manuf-:@wy

March 25, 1930..

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J. M. A. GQINARD POWER PLANT Filedv Feb. v. 1925 3 Sheets-Sheet 5 Patented Mar.' 25, 1930 PATENT ol-"FICE, y

JIOSCEIEH MARIE ARSNE GOINARD, F ST.NAZAIRE, FRANCE POWER :PLAN T Application lved February 7, 1925, Serial-No. 7,625, and in France February 8, 1924.

rIhe jpresent invention relates to a power plant o the type comprising an internall combustion engine and a steam turbine actuated by 4steam generated in a boiler by the heat of the exhaust gas from the engine.

One object of the invention `is to provide a plant of this kind wherein the sensible heat of the exhaust gas from the engine will beeiiiciently recovered and transferred to the steam, provision being also made to admit into the steam generatingportions of the engine a part ofthe hot gases contained in the engine cylinder at the beginning of the expansion stroke.

Further objects of the invention will be set forth in the following description with reference to the appended drawing which shows, by way of example, an embodiment of the invention.

Fig.- 1 is a-diagrammatic sectional view of my combined'engine and turbine showing the parts at the beginning of the suction stroke.-

Fig. 2 isa corresponding view showing the parts at the time of explosion.

Fig. 3is a corresponding view showing the parts at the beginning of the expansion stroke.

Fig. 4 is a corresponding view showing the parts at the beginning of the exhaust stroke. Fig. 5 is a horizontal section on a larger t scale on the line 5-'5 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 6 is a diagrammatic vertical section on .the line 6-6 of Fig. 5 and Fig. 7 shows diagrammatically a portion of the turbine structure. l

Referring to the drawing, 1 is the engine cylinder, in which is reciprocable the piston 2. The combustion chamber 3 of said cylinder is provided with a valve seat 4 and cooperating therewith is a valve 5 whose stem 6 extends through the steam superheater to be hereinafter described. The upper end ot stem 6 is attached to a lever 7 rockinglyl mounted on a support 7 secured to the top of the apparatus. The end of said lever opposite stem 6 is attached to a spring 8 of suitable tension adapted to urge valve 5 upon its seat. Cooperating with said lever 7 is a rocking lock member 15, pivoted at 16 to the top of the engine, said member being movable from an idle position wherein lever 7 is free to pivot in a clockwise direction into an operative position wherein Ait engages le ver 7 and prevents its clockwise-rotation.

' Laterally of the combustion `chamber3 are 55 disposed the admission valve 9 and the exhaustvalve 10. A spring 9a is coiled upon the stem of valve 9, one end resting upon the valve head and the other end being attached to a stationary part, for example thel cylinder wall. Similarly, a spring 10a is coiled upon the stem of valve 10, one end resting upon the valve head and the other end bemg attached to the cylinder wall or like stationary part. Due to this arrangement, the valveso 9 and 10 are adapted to open inwardly in chamber 3, and are urged against their seat by springs 9a and- 10a respectively. A mechanically driven cam 10,b engages the end of the stem of valve 10 and is adapted tov open the latter against the action of spring 10a. Fuel is delivered to the engine from a carbureter 33, through the admission pipe 34. "1" The engine is surrounded by a water jacket y 11 which is adapted tocontain cooling water, 75 as shown at 12, the upper part of said jacket forming a vaporizing chamber or boiler 11: The upper portion of said water jacket is formed into a superheater 13, as shown more clearly in Figs. 5 and 6. For this purpose, the water jacket, above the cylinder'head, is formed with three horizontal partitions 50, 51, 52. Below partition 50 is the vaporizing chamber 11 above referred to; between partitions 50 and 51 is an exhaust gas collecting 85 chamber 53 g' between partitions 51 and 52 is the superheater proper 13, and above partition 52 is an exhaust` gas distributing chamber 54. Above valve 5 is a` chamber 20, bounded by the water jacket and communieating with the exhaust gas distributing chamber 54 by upright conduits .or tubes 203. Chamber 54 communicates with chamber 53 through smaller conduits or tubes20h extending through chamber 13. Finally cham- 05 ber 13 communicates with chamber 11 through tubes 26 extending through chamber l 53. Said tubes are closed at the end and communicate with chamber 11 by means of holes or perforations through which steam 10 generated in chamber 11 may pass into supereater 13.

14 is a pressure gauge and 12a is a conduit serving for the water supply and connected with a water feed pump, not shown.

Into superheater 13 opens a steam pipe 27 extending partially through a gas collector 55. Said gas collector is provided at 17 with a valve, which is pressed against its seat by a spring 18 of suitable tension.

The gas vwhich has passed through said valve 17 is delivered through a pipe 31 to the nozzles 31a of the ,high pressure stage 23 of a turbine 19 (Fig. 7).

Pipe 27 leads to other nozzles 27 of said high pressure stage 23. Finally, the exhaust conduit 32 leads to the nozzles 32a of the low pressure stage 24 of the turbine 19.

The turbine shaft is coupledwith the enp gine shaft by suitable ' gearings 21 and 22.

The operation of the device is as follows: To start the engine, lock member 15 is brought to its operative position (as shown by the dot and dash lines in Fig. 1) whereby 25 valve 5` is held upon its seat 4, this being indispensable to secure the proper compression of the fuel mixture and allow a sufficient power to be developed in the engine cylinder for starting purposes. During the starting $0 period, the water 12 surrounding the cylinder is not circulated, so that it will commence to boil after a short time, producing steam and causing the pressure to rise in the gauge 14. Valve 5 is now released from the locking 55 action of member 15, whereby it is held upon its seat solely by the action of spring` 8.

The complete cycle for the engine and turbine unit is as follows: On the suction stroke (Fig. 1) piston 2 descends, inlet valve 9 opens, and fuel'enters chamber 3. Spring 10, which is stronger than spring 9a prevents the opening of the exhaust valve at that time. On the compression stroke, the piston 2 rises, compressing the fuel mixture in chamber 3; when ignition takes Y place piston 2 assumes substantially the position shown in Fig. 2; the pressure of the gas at this instant overcomes the tension of spring 8 thus raisin valve 5 from its seat; a suitable fraction o the gas is thus allowed to proceed into chamber 20. A portion ofthel sensible heat from said gas is transferred to the Water contained in the water jacket and said water will be vaporized. The steam produced in chamber 11 will pass through the orifices of tubes 26 (by which a portion of the priming Water is separated from the steam) and pro ceed into superheater 13 (as shown by the double-tailed arrows in Fig. 6) where said 5 steam will be dried and superheated by the hot gas fiowing through tubes 20n into chamber 54 and will thence pass through tubes 20" into chamber 53 (as shown by the singlev tailed arrows in Fig. 6). The superheating o5 0f steam is greatly improved by the fact that the walls of the various ducts and chambers afford an extended heating surface. It will also be noted that conduits 27, 55 and 31 have a common wall 60, at the upper part, thus facilitating the transfer of heat from the gas to the steam.

At the same time the pressure of said gas Will cause the valvel 17 to raise from its seat against the pressure of spring 18 (suitably adjusted for this purpose). The superheated steam will flow through tube 27 and nozzles 27a and expand successively in the high and low stages 23 and 24 of turbine 19. The gas passing beyond valve 17 will flow through tube 31 and nozzle 31a and expand successively in the high and low stages 23 and 24 of turbine 19.

When the pressure of the gas has decreased to a sufficient degree, the valves 5 and 17 are again closed.

The function of valve 17 is to maintain a sufiicient pressure in the various conduits and chambers and therefore to keep a high temperature within the su erheating chamber 13.

On the power stro e, (Fig. 3) piston 2 moves down under the pressure of the gases remaining in the' chamber 3.

On the exhaust stroke (Fig. 4) piston 2 rises, and the burnt gas is discharged through valve 10; said gas, passing through conduit 32 and nozzles 32a then expands in the'low pressure stage 24 of the turbine.

The engine has now resumed its initial position and the cycle proceeds again as above described.

During the four strokes, the steam produced in chamber ll-fiows through super heater 13 and expands successively in the high and low pressure stages of the turbine, proceeding thence to the condenser 30 through the conduit 25.

With the said device an increased compression can be obtained compared with the known internal combustion engines, since. valve 5 is opened at the ignition instant, thus relieving the engine parts from undue stresses; the heat transfer between the gas and steam is much more efficient. due to the high temperature of the gas flowing from the cylinder at the beginning of the expansion stroke; finally the overheating of the steam improves considerably the thermal efiiciency of the turbine, as is well known.

Obviously, Various constructional modificationsmay be brought to the device above described without departing from the principle of the invention, as defined by the appended claims.

Having now described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent'is: 4

l. In a combined water cooled internal combustion engine and turbine: a vaporization chamber in communication with the cooling water jacket of said engine, a gas chamber.

bounded by the engine cylinder head, the water-jacket and said vaporization chamber, connecting means extending through said ral'iorization chamber for connecting said gas chamber with the admission of said turbine, a valve adapted to afford communication between said gas chamber and the interior of the cylinder at the beginning ofthe expansion stroke.l a steam conduit opening into said vaporization chamber and leading to the admission of said turbine, and connecting means for connecting the exhaust conduit, of the engine with the admission of said turbine.

Q lIn the combination claimed in claim 1, the further feature residing in that said valve is a spring' controlled valve'adapted to a'ord communication between the engine cylinder and said gas chamber when the pressure in the cylinder exceeds a predetermined pressure.

Inthe combination claimed in claim 1,

the provision otmanually actuatable means for locking said valve in the closed position.

4. In the combination claimed in claim 1, the further feature residing in that said turbine has high and low pressure stages, the high pressure stage being connected with said steamiconduit and said gas chamber and the low pressure stage with said connecting means.

In a combined Water cooled internal combustion engine and turbine; a vaporization chamber in communication with the cool- 'mg water jacket of said engine, a gas chamber bounded by the engine cylinder head, the

v:iter-jacket and said vaporization chamber, ducts extending through said Vaporization chamber and opening into said gas chamber, a gas pipe for connecting said ducts with the admission of said turbine, a valve adapted to afford communication .between said gas chamber and the interior of the cylinder at the be-f ginning ofthe expansion stroke, a steam conduit opening into said vaporization chamber and leading to the admission of said turbine, said steam pipe and gas pipe having a common wall adapted to afford exchange of heat between the gas and the steam, and connecting means for connecting the exhaust conduit of the engine with the admission of said turbine.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specication.

JOSEPH MARIE ARSNE GOINARD.

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