US1744805A - Pump - Google Patents

Description

1 sAUssARD Jan. 28, 1930.

PUMP

Filed Deo. 50, 1927 2 Sheets-sheet L. SAUSSARD PUMP Jan. 28, 1930.

' Filed Dec. 30, 1927 2 Sheets-sheet 2 Patented Jan. 28, 1930 l PATENT OFFICE LOUIS SAUSSA1 RD, 0F PARIS, FRANCE PUMP Application led December 30, 1927, Serial No. 243,745, and in France December 30, 1925.

This invention relates to pumps.

More particularly the invention is a de velopment ofa form of pump of the type in which a piston in the, form of an interme- 5 diate quadrilateral frame slides by two of its opposite sides upon an internal quadrilateral frame or piston mounted upon a hollow shaft serving as a distributor and, by its two other perpendicular sides in an outer frame or body, the displacements of the intermediate frame being produced by a circular movelment of translation of one of the saidframes relatively to the other.

The principal object of the invention is a I form of' variable pump in which the irregularities in delivery associated with the periodic variations in linear speed of each stroke due to rotary movement shall be compensated.

The invention consists in a pump, comprising a body rotating relatively to a central shaft provided with suction and delivery ducts or ports, the axis of the said body being adapted to be displaced at will even when running, relatively to the axisof the centre shaft between certain limits in order to vary-v respectively the delivery, the power, or the speed required. K

The invention also consists ina variable pump in which the periodic variations in speed during a stroke of the pistons or frames due to rotary movement are compensated with a view to rendering the pumping or suction and delivery eHect constant atV any point along the stroke, and making the instantaneous volume practically constant.

In carryingthe invention into effect, an example will now be described of af/pump which is adapted to be used for or with acetate of cellulose that is subsequently converted into artificial silk. f

In such a use of the pump, it is cf great importance to ensure that the filament de-Y livered by the pump shall be absolutely of constant diameter so :that no weaknesses in the filament will be p iodticed. l i -It is well known that the usual action of rotating pumps the peri" dic variation which arises during the progres of .each stroke produces a' variation inispeed of the fluid ejected,

it usually reaching a maximum at midstroke so that during this midstroke period more fluid will be ejected per unit of time than that ejected at the commencement and the end of the stroke.

Another drawback associated with the pumping of such liquids resides in the fact that before the acetate of cellulose for example reaches or leaves the pump, it is passed through a series of filters and in the course of time those .will become more and more choked, so that the iuid has'more difficulty in reaching the suction inlet of the pump or leaving the delivery of the filter. It is for this reason that, with this object in view, 05 it is necessary to be able to vary the stroke automatically in such a way that when the clogging of the filters increases, the resistance to the passage of the fiuid also increasing, the pump will be able to force the passages Without any diminution in the quantity of fluid provided for.

In a pump constructed according to the present invention the shaft is fixed and the outer frame or body turns around this shaft "15 carrying with it in its rotation the two quadrilateral frames; for this purpose its flanges are provided with sleeves or hubs which turn in a support adapted to be displaced at will relatively to the frame supporting the shaft for the purpose of varying the eccentricity of the rotatable body relatively to this shaft and regulating in this Way the delivery of the pump. This displacement of the support for the 95 rotary body is preferably obtained by a slight rotation of such support about a shaft carried yby the fixed frame, this rotation being produced by the action of a screw, a lever or any other control member. The adjustment 96 body may be made to vary periodically dur- 10 ing each4 revolution in such a way as to compensate the small variations in delivery due to the varying nature of the relative movement of the frame so as to impart momentary acceleration to the stroke at its beginnino and end. This improvement makes it possible to obtain a constant delivery during each revolution of the pump body for as long as the control member serving for changing the delivery is not acted upon.

The invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 is a section of the along the axis of the ixed shaft.

Figure 2 is a section taken at right angles to the axis of this shaft. Y

Figure 3 is a diagram showing the sha-pe of the cam, the lifts on the latter being exaggerated in the drawing.

Figure 4 is aV diagram representing the delivery of the pump in the case when the variations are not compensated.

Figure 5 is a corresponding diagram for the case when the delivery is made constant.

Figure 6 is a section of a member for regulating the delivery, which is adapted to be mounted upon the delivery duct.

pump taken Figure 7 is a side elevation of thesecond form of the pump, and

Fi re 8 is a front elevation of such second orm of pump partly in section along the,

are formed ducts 3 and 4 communicating respeetively with two ducts 5 and 6 the aligned portions of which are bored in the shaft.

Upon the central part of the shaft, there is adapted to turn with slight friction the internal rectangular piston or frame 7. Upon the latter slide the two small sides of an intermediate rectangular frame 8 the two long sides of which slide in the outer frame or body 9. 'On opposite sides, of these frames are disposed two annular discs 10 connected to the frame 9 by screws 11 and between which the frame 7 and 8 are adapted to slide with easy friction. The apertures 12 formed in the discs 10 for the passage of the shaft 2 are suliiciently large to' permite the 'rotation of these plates and of the body 9 with a varying eccentricity relatively to the shaft.

A fluid tight joint upon the outer sides of the discs 10 is obtained by mea: 1s ofwashers 13 and 14, of which the washers 14 are rigid with sleeves 15 mounted with easy friction -upon the shaft 2, whilst the washers 13fare pressed against the discs 10 by flanges 16 which are' also traversed by the assemblin screws 11. These flanges are provided wit frsleeves or hubs/17 and run in bearings in the limbs of a U-shaped support composed of the arms 18, a cross stay 19and a rod 20,

the latter being mounted in the uprights of the fixed frame l and serving as the oseillation pivot for the said support.

During the rotation of the pump, the respective faces of the washers 14 slide in contact with the discs 10 and the ilan ges 16, and at the same time the sleeves 15 remain in contact with the shaft 2, so that no leakage 1s possible. Instead of the washers and iianges hereinbefore described for securing liquid or gas dtight joints, other packing devices may be use Around the body formed by the frame 9 and the discs 10, the washers 13 and the iianges 16 is fixed a ring 21 which carries a toothed crown wheel -22 which serves for producing the rotation of the pump body and its Contents in the bearing arms 18 by engaging with a driving pinion (not shown) which may be mounted upon the cross stay 19 or upon a dierent shaft.

The bore of the sleeves 17 is of larger diameter than the outer diameter of the sleeves 15, in order to permit the variable eccentric movement of the pump body relatively to the shaft 2.

This eccentric movement is obtained by means of an abutment block 23 which slides in a guide 24 rigid with the fixed frame 1 and provided with a roller 25 against which runs the periphery of the ringr 21. The position of this pressure block is determined by a screw 26 havingl a milled head, which screw can be locked after adjustment by means of a set screw 27, and the Contact between the ring 21 and the roller 25 is maintained by the action of a spring 28 compressed between the frame 1 anda cross stay 29 whichis secured by means of a rod 30 between two arms 31 rigid with -the arms 18.

It is seen that the whole of the members 18, 19, 20, 31, 29 and 30 forms a sort of rigid frame in which turns the pump body and which oscillates about the axis of the rod 20. Under the action of the spring 28, this frame is pushed towards the roller 25 so that during the rotation of the pump body and of the ring 21 the latter will be held in Contact with this roller. ff

When the pump body turns eccentrically upon the shaft 2, the rectangular frames or pistons 7 and.8 move alternately, drawing and delivering the liquid as in similar known pumps, the distributionbeing obtained by means of ports formed in the frames; the suction through the ducts 6, 4, for example, and the deliver through the opposed ducts 3, 5 then take p ace in `a continuous manner.

If the periphery ofthe ring 21 were exactly circular, the centre of the pump body would remain motionless during therotation and the eccentricity would remain unvarying.,f Under these Aconditions the delivery of the pum would not be absolutely constant during each revolution. Figure 4 shows at a, b,

G, d, e, the delivery obtained under these conditions of the alternating displacement of the pistons or frames 7 and 8 relatively to the shaft; for each of the pistons this delivery is represented at each moment by the ordinate of a sinusoid I or II; during each period corresponding to a complete revolution the total delivery is represented by the undulated curve III obtained by the addition of the ordinates of the curves I and II; during this period there are four moments of maximum deliveryand four minimum moments. In order to elimina-te' these periodic variations, there are formed upon the periphery of the ring 21, four cam lifts 32 of height and shape such that by rolling iipon the roller 25, the motion thus provided compels the centre of the pump body to move away from and alternately approach the centre of the shaft 2, and that this variation in eccentricity eX- actly corrects the variations in delivery. The delivery of each of the pistons is then constant during the Whole of the stroke and is represented by a straight line I or II (Figure 5) so that the total delivery III is constant.

However, there exists in this delivery, at each l`of the dead points a, Z), c, d,.e an extremely short break in continuity which it is impossible to avoid and during which the delivery will fall, in theory, to half its value. Actually, if the length or the capacity of the delivery ducts is suiiiciently great, these very short interruptions are absorbed in the mass' of moving liquid and the delivery at the outlet from the duct is practically continuous and constant.

In the case of a very short duct, however, it will be possible to make very small, and even completely remove, any periodic variation in Vthe delivery at the outlet by providing the de livery ductwith an elastic member such, for example, as an elastic diaphragm 33 (Figure 6) made of steel or other material, which will preferably be placed adjacent the pump or upon the latter. This diaphragm may be held for example upon the delivery end of the hollowshaft 2 by means of a seating 34 which is screwed into this end and a cap 35 which is screwed upon the said seating.

It is then possible to obtain a delivery which is absolutely free from pulsations, as is necessary in certain applications, for example, in the spinning of viscose etc.

The regular delivery thus obtained is nevertheless capable of adjustment, according to the requirements, ywith the greatest ease l' because it is sufficient to turn the milled head of the screw 26 to change theposition of the roller 215. For a certain position of the latter the delivery is zero and this delivery increases in one dlrectionor the other according as the roller is moved away from or made to ap-4 to say the pressure and the delivery are regulable automatically.

- As described, the variations in delivery are obtained by adjusting more or less the eccentricity of the body relatively to the entre shaft which operates in conjunction wlth an adjustable abutment.

By adjusting this roller abutment, it is possible to obtain all the variations of delivery from a maximum in one direction gradually decreasing down to zero and progressively delivering up to a Amaximum With a reversed direction of flow.

For the regulation of pressure the body of the pump being supported by the roller 25, by the action' of the spring 28 tends to move away therefrom and to centre itself relatively to the fixed axis, should the pressure provided by any particular adjustment tend to increase, there is a decrease in delivery and therefore a decrease in pressure.

For the regulation of delivery, the body being supportedv on the roller to produce eccentricity in the reverse direction, the ef feet of increase in pressure tends to increase the eccentricity by compression of the spring 28.

Therefore, by the attempt at increase of delivery there will be a tendency to overcome the effort produced by the passing of a fluid through an opening which tends to become clicked. The pressure may thus increase but the delivery will remain substantially the same.

It will thus be seen from the foregoing that this automatic regulation of pressure and delivery are obtained by providing the spring :28 having a strength predetermined to the particular conditions required.

It is to be understood from the foregoing that the shaft 2 is stationary.

The form shown in Figures 7 and 8v is more particularly adapted for varying the delivery of the liquid to a hydraulic press; it, however, comprises no means adapted to correct the periodic variations in delivery and it differs from the preceding construction in that the displacements of the frame 18, l19, 31 carrying the pump body relatively to` the frame l carrying the shaft 2, are obtained by means of a screw 36 with controlling hand Wheel 37, passing through a smooth sleeve 38, mounted upon the frame 1, and through a nut 39 mounted upon the oscillating frame. The shaft 20 is extended outside the frame l and forms the driving shaft and it carries the pinion 40 which engages with the toothed crown 22 for rotatingr the pump body.

Naturally these forms'are only given by way of example and use maybe made of any suitable mechanical means for varying as desired the eccentricity of the pump rela-tively to the shaft; for example, instead of a screw (Figures 7 and 8) use may be made oflevers, slotted links or other means.

In the form shown in Figures l to 3, the cam formed by the ring 2l with its lifts 32 serves for correcting the periodic variations vin delivery. Nevertheless, it may be observed that these variations are only completely eliminated for a determined position of the pressure roller 25, that is to say for a determined delivery which is generally the maximum delivery. If it were necessary to remove absolutely the periodic variations in delivery whatever the adjustment in the latter, this result could easily be obtained by providing on the ring 2l bosses, the generating lilies of which instead of being parallel to the axis of rotation, as shown, would be slightly inclined relatively thereto and by so mounting either the pump body or the roller 25 that it would be possible to displace one axially relatively to the other so as to make parts of the bosses of varying eecentricity come into contact with the roller. Naturally, the axial diplacements of the body or ofthe roller would have to be proportional to the displacements of the roller, towards the shaft 2 or in the opposite direction, starting froma mean position, for the correction to be always perfect. This proportion could be obtained either automaticall mounted on said shaft, an outer body havingv a quadrilateral bore, an intermediate quadrilateral frame slidably mounted by two of its opposite sides on saidv inner frame and by its t'wo others perpendicular to the first in said outer body, said frames having ducts disposed in their walls for fiuid intake and delivery, means for producing a circular movement of translation of one of said frames relatively to the other, means whereby the axis ofY said outer body can be displaced between certain limits, even when running, relatively to the axis ofthe centre of the hollow shaft in order to vary the delivery.

2. A pump comprising a hollow shaft having distributing intake and delivery ducts,

.55 an .inner quadrilateral frame or piston mounted on said shaft, an outer body having a quadrilateral bore, an intermediate quadrilateral frame slidably mounted by two of its opposite sides on said inner frame and by its two others perpendicular to the first insaid outer body, said frames having ducts disposed in their walls for fluid intake and delivery, means for producing a circular movement of translation of one ofbaid frames rel- "y atively to the other and means for compensating the periodic variations in speed during a. stroke due to rotary movement.

3. A pump comprising a hollow shaft having distributing intake and delivery ducts, an inner quadrilateral frame or piston mounted on said shaft, an outer body having a quadrilateral bore, an intermediate quadrilateral frame slidably mounted by two of its opposite sides on said inner frame and by its two others perpendicular to the first in said outer body, said frames having ducts disposed in their Walls for fluid intake .and delivery, means for producing circul tr movement of translation of one of said fames relatively to the other, means for t npensaling the periodic Vvariations in speed during a stroke due to rotary movement and meansv for adliusting the stroke whereby the same is lengthened or shortened from maximum to Zero or the operation of the pump reversed.

4. A pump comprising a hollow shaft having distributing intake and delivery ducts, an inner quadrilateral frame or piston mounted on said shaft, an outer body having Ia quadrilateral bore, an intermediate quadrilateral frame slidably mounted by two of its opposite sides on said inner frame and by its two others perpendicular to the first in said outer body, said frames having ducts disposed in their walls for fluid intake and delivery, means for producing circular'movement of' translation of one of said frames relatively to the other, means for compensating the periodic variations in speed during a stroke due to rotary movement and'means whereby the operating stroke or strokes are momentarily accelerated towards the commencement or conclusion thereof.

5. A pump comprising a hollow shaft having distributing intake and delivery ducts,

an inner quadrilateral frame or piston mounted on said shaft, an outer body having a quadrilateral bore, an intermediate quadrilateral frame slidably mounted by two of its opposite sides on said inner frame and by its two others perpendicular to the first in said outer body, said frames having ducts disposed in their walls for fluid intake and delivery. means for producing circular, movement of translation of one of said frames relatively to the other, means for compensating the periodic variations in speed during a stroke due to rotary movement and means for varying the eccentricity of the pump automatieally during each revolution.

6. A pump comprising a hollowl shaft having distributing intake and delivery duets, an inner uadrilateral frame or piston mounted on sai shaft, an outer body having aquadrilateral bore, an intermediate quadrilateral frame slidably mounted by two of its opposite sides on said inner frame and by its two others perpendicular to the first in said outer body, said frames having duets disposed in their walls for fiuid intake and delivery,

means for producing circular movement of translation of one of said frames relatively to the other, a pump frame, a pivotal mounting for the pump body in said pump frame and an adjustably positioned abutment -for said body, whereby the delivery is varied and the periodic variation in linear speed 0f each stroke due to rotary movement corrected, and means ,whereby the pump body is held pressed against said abutment.

Y 7. A pump comprising a fixed hollow shaft having distributing intake and delivery ducts, an inner quadrilateral frame or piston mounted on said shaft, an outer body having a quadrilateral bore, an intermediate quadrilateral frame slidably mounted by two of its opposite sides on said inner frame and by its two others perpendicular to the first in said outer body, said frames having ducts disposed in their walls for liu-id intake and delivery, a pump frame, a pivotal mounting for the pump body in said pump frame, a cam-like member r1 'd with said pump body, an adjustably posi ioned roller cooperating with saidrmember, whereby the periodic va- `riation in linear speed of cach stroke `due to rotarymovement is compensated.

v 8. A pump comprising a, fixed frame, a A` hollow shaft having distributing intake and delivery ducts 'and mounted on said frame, an inner quadrilateral frame or piston mounted on said shaft, a lever ivoted on said fixed frame and an outer body aving a quad# rilateral bore carried by said lever, an intermediate quadrilateral frame or piston slidably mounted by two of its opposite sides on p said inner frame and by its two other sides perpendicular to the rst in said outer body,

1 said frames or pistons having ducts disosed in their walls for Huid intake and deivery, means for .producing a circular move.1

ment of translation of on'e of said frames or A pistons relatively to the other, and an adjusting screw between said lever vand said fixed frame whereby said lever can be adjusted relatively to said fixed frame.'

9. A pump comprising a fixed frame, a hollow shaft having distributing intake and delivery ducts and mounted in said frame, an inner quadrilateral frame or piston mounted on said shaft, a frame movable and adjustable relatively to said ixed frame, sleeves on said movable frame, an outer body having a quadrilateral bore carried in said sleeves with the desired working clearance, an intermediate quadrilateral frame or piston slidably mounted by two of its opposite sides on said inner frame and by its two other sides perpendicular to the lirst in said outer body, said frames or pistons having ducts disposed in their walls for uid intake and delivery, means p for producing a circular movement of translation in vone ofsaid frames or pistons relatively to the other. 4 y 4 l 10.1A pump as claimed in claim' 1 further comprising side plates on said body, internal outer body rotatable around said shaft.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification.

Louis sAUssARD.

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