US1738849A - Superheater - Google Patents

Description

SUPERHEATER Filed Jan. 15, 1928 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 ERA/.STfiTE/N KARL. l oLLA/vo Dec. 10, 1929. E. #2. STEIN ET AL 1,738,849

SUPERHEATER Filed Jan. 13. 1928 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 ERA/5f 57"E/N fig/a. l/OLLAND Patented Dec. 10, 1929 ERNST RICHARD STEIN AND KARL VOLLANI DQOF KASSEL, GERMANY, ASSIGNORS TO THE SUPERHEATEB CUMPANY, 0F NEVJ YORK, N. Y.

SUIEEBHEATEB Application filed January 13, 1928, Serial No. 246,594, and in Germany August 20, 1927.

The invention relates to flue superheaters of the type in which the superheater elements are mace oi ipe lengths and have their ends secured to headers arranged in stepped formation. This type of superheater has the main advantage that the superheater elements are arranged in rows corresponding to the rows of the lines, and that the superheater elements of each row are gathered into a group whose connections to the headers are easily accessible so that the element group can conveniently be attached and detached as long as its weight is not too great. This unduly large weight of the groups occurs where boilers are of large diameter and where, therefore, a relatively large number of superheater elements lies in a row of fines. The diiliculty or handling heavy groups of superheater elements has been the principal reason why the stepped form of header has not. so far been used in large boilers, but that an arrangement has been adopted in such boilers whereby the elements of two adjacent rows oi flues are gathered into a plurality of smaller groups, and the connections to the steam headers being so arranged that the wet and superheated .team ends alternate in a single row, and that in each row of ends for wet and superheated steam the connections of the several element groups lie one/in front of the other. in this manner it is possible to obtain relatively light element groups, but the disadvantage results that the inner con nections are dithcult of access, and thaton account of the oll'sets required for two neighboring element rows of superheater eienients, the tree areas in the smoke tubes as well as the lanes through which the gases flow are obstructed.

The invention points out one way in which these ditlicnlties can be avoided by making it possible to use relatively light element groups, while retaining the advantages of the stepped header form. For this purpose, the superheater elements belonging to a single row of tubes are, according to this invention, subdivided into mutually independent groups lying one in front of the r, and :1 "ed in such manner that the water for superheated steam are themselves each again given a stepped form, and one of these headers is placed within the angle formed by the step of the other. In the middle, therefore, there are arranged two superheated or two saturated steam steps, while the other.

header which bears the two other steps encloses the inner header on the two sides of an angle. In such an arrangement the elements of the row are subdivided into two groups, and are very readily accessible for inspection, and the headers are simple in form and need no inner walls.

In the drawing there are shown by way of illustration two forms of the new superheater arrangement in connection with a locomotive boiler. Fig. 1 shows a'vertical sectionthrough the superheater headers and through a tier of fines, the superheater elements being shown in a lateral elevation;

Fig. 2 shows a few superheater element groups connected to the headers, and Fig. 3 shows a front view of the superheater headers. In Fig. 2, the ends of the elements leading to the headers from the two lower right elements are cut away so that the view will show more clearly the arrangement of the several loops forming the elements.

Figs. 4: and 5 show a second form of the invention, and are views corresponding to Figs. 1 and 3 respectively.

In the form of our invention according to Figs. 1 to 3, 10 designates the flue sheet,

and 11 the tines of the locomotive boiler,

12 refers to the several superheater elements, 13 to the saturated steam header, and .TI, tb .perheated steainheader. .ttaeh of the two steam headers is angular in cross section, and is provided with two connection surfaces lying in forwardly stepped relationto each other. The connection surfaces 7 of thesaturated steam header are designated by 13 and 13 and the connection surfaces of the superheated steam header by 14* and 14 The superheated steam header l4 lies in the angle of the saturated steam header 13 so that from front to back the stepped, connection surfaces occur in the j following order: step 13 of the saturated steam header; step 14 of the superheated steam header; step 14 of the superheated steamheadei 'and step 13? of the saturated steam header. Saturatedsteam flows to the saturated steam header 13 through the cenheaders in the usual way by means of clamps 19 and studs 20. v As maybe seen from Figs. 1 and 2, a

fver'tical row of fines contains six supers heater elements which "are subdivided into two groups, each V containing three elements. Tit, for example, the arrangement of the ele- 'ment 12 is considered, it will be seen that I the end connected to the rear intermediate chamberf17 of the saturated steam header 'I3is'carried' downward in the vertical plane in which the connections of said element he is then bent laterally by the amount by which the two straight portions of the loop are separated from each other (see ofli'set 'lflinFig. '2), is then looped in Ushape I i 7 into the flue "and again into the flue below,

next. extends'forward a distance, is then hit- Vera-l ly bent b'acktothe'connection plane,

and in this plane bent upward to the rear intermediate chamber of thesup'erheated steam chamber "14. In this manner the pipe lengths of the 'superheater elements of a rowleading from and to the fheade'rs as well as their connections to the headers all lie the same plane.

The illustrative'form 'a'ccording to Figs. la'ndb shows a variation "in the shape and arrangement of the superheater headers.

While theheaders are here also angular,

and each with two connection surfaces, the saturated header 21 is here placed intothe angle of the superheated header 22. The central admission I connection to the satii'rated steam header 21 extends through a cored opening of the'superheated header 22L- In additidmfthere isfa'rranged at the 'top of the superheated steamchamber and unit ry with it,'-thefhoi1sing 25ffor the throttles 26.

This multiple throttle is of a known form and controls the flow of the superheated steam from the superheated steam chamber proper to the steam pipe connections 27. The subdivision of the superheater elements into two groups, the shape of the pipe lengths forming the elements and extending from the headers, and back again,

and the connection of the elements to the headers corresponds exactly to the form of the invention first described.

By the sub-division of the elements belonging to a tier of flues into two groups independent of each other, the weight of a. single group remains so low even with boilers of large diameter that the element can be handled without difliculty. The elements gathered into a group can be safely welded into the intermediate chambers, and these can be reliably secured to the headers. The connection members are easily accessible so that removal and re-insertion of the element groups can be easily performed since the ends of the superheater elements leading from and to the headers lie in a single row. Broad free lanes remain between these rows for the unobstructed passage of the flue gases. There are no bends of the pipes from one row to a neighboring one, and the required bends in the row itself can be hori- 'Z'ontalso that the largest possible free area remains for cleaning the flues.

\Ve claim:

1. A fine superheater with headers in stepped relation characterized by the fact that thesu'perheater elements associated with each row of flues are connected to form independent groups one in front of the other and are so arranged that the pipe lengths of the elements of one row leading from and to the headers and their connections tothc headers 'alllie in a single plane.

'2. A flue siqiierlieater according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the stepped surfaces of the headers to which the elements are connected are subdivided into a plurality of steps corresponding to the number of grou s of elements.

3. f n apparatus of the class described, the combination of a vertical row of fines; a bichambered header above and forward of the flues, the front walls of each chamber being stepped and one of the chambers lying within the angle of the other; four intermediate chambers in the flue plane and secured to the four f-ront headersurfaces and communicating with the interior; and two superheater element groups, each element comprising a plurality of loops extending into adjacent fiues one 'loop to a flue, the two ends of each of the several elements of the upper group being connected to the two intermediate chambers nearest the flues, and the two ends of each of the several elements of the lower group being connected to the two intermediate chambers farthest away from the tines.

4. Apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the two legs of each loop lie in a horizontal plane and the intermediate chambers lie in a plane with one vertical row of the legs.

5. i tpparatus of the class described comprising two adjacent sets of fines and superheater elements according to claim 3, the two legs of the loops lying in horizontal planes,

the intermediate chambers of the two sets lying in the planes of the outside legs 5 clamps engaging the intermediate chambers; and screw means between the pairs of intermediate chambers pulling the clamps toward the headers.

6. A flue superheater with headers in stepped relation, one of which headers is of angular formation, characterized by the fact that the superheater elements associated with each row of fines are connected to form independent groups one in front of the other and are so arranged that the pipe lengths of the elements of one row leading from and to c the headers and their connections to the headers all lie in a single plane, said flue superheater being further characterized by the fact that one of said headers is located within the angle formed by the step of the other.

7. A flue superheater according to claim 6, characterized by the fact that the stepped surfaces of the header are subdivided into a plurality of steps corresponding to the number of groups of elements.

8. A. fine superheater with a saturated steam chamber and a superheated steam chamber in stepped relation, one of said chambers being of angular formation, characterized by the fact that the superheater elements associated with each row of fines are connected to form independent groups one in front of the other and are so arranged that the pipe length. of the elements of one row leading from and to the chambers and their connections to the chambers all lie in a single plane. and said. superheater being further characterized by the fact that one of said chambers is located within the angle formed by the step of the other.

9. A. flue superheater according to claim 8 characterized by the fact that the connection to the steam chamber lying in the angle formed by the step of the other chamber extends through a hollow in the other chamber.

10. A fine superheater with headers and saturated steam chamber and superheated steam chamber in stepped relation, one of said chambers being of angular formation, characterized by the fact that the superheater elements associated with each row of fines are connected to form independent groups one in front of the other and are so arranged that the pipe lengths of the elements of one row leading from and to the chambers and their connections thereto all lie in a single plane,

the other, and extending through a hollow 111 said other chamber.

In testnnony whereof we altix our signatures.

ERNST RICHARD STEIN. KARL VOLLAND.

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