US1735654A - Gas stove or range - Google Patents

Description

Nov. 12, 1929.

H. W. ODOWD ens STOVE 0R RANGE Original Filed Sept. 18, 1925 INVENTOR.

M A TORNEY;

Patented Nov. '12, 192 9 STATES TPATENT oFF'icE HENRY w. onown, or JERSEY oITY, gnaw JEnsEmAssIeNon 'ro STANDARD GAS EQUIPMENT CORPORATION, A CORPORATION or MARYLAND GAS s'rovn'oa RANGE Original application filed September 18, 1925, Serial 'No. 57,057. Divided apd this application filed February 20, 1928.

This invention relates to gas stoves or ranges, and more particularly to ranges havin a closed or solid cdoking top. One of the prlncipal objects is to adapt to a range of th1s I variety aBunsen burner of the lateral flame type with provision for a plentiful supply of 'secon ary air to SUPPOIt COmbUStIOII, together with means-for utilizing the full heating effeet of the burner flames and for concentrating the heat substantially within the zone of the flamespread.

In carrying out posed to makeuse of the improved burner unit disclosed in the parent application. Serial No. 57,057 above referred to; and which unit comprises specifically a Bunsen burner member formed with a circular series of latwith is a burner plate located below and inwith the combustion chambers formed within erally directed flame ports, a pan-shaped metal shell or casing surrounding the burner member and forming a combustion chamber therefor with vents at the top for the products of combustion, the said shell being provided with a raised central portion forming a secondary air chamber within which the burner member is located and having discharge openings leading from the secondary air chamber into the combustion chamber ad acent or in line with the flame ports, and a close parallel relation to the cooking top and forming in connection therewith a closed heat generating chamber, which chamber at the rear has an outlet for the products of combustion, and at the front it. communicates the burner casings. As the range is thus constructed, the secondary air is supplied and distributed in ample quantityto all of the flame jets in order to insure complete combustion under all conditions of use, and the lateral and end heat losses of the flame-jets are absorbed and radiated back substantially the invention, it is pro-' Serial No. 255,576.

within the zone of the flamespread. The in-. tense iricandescence of the refractory bed in conjunction with the'positive and complete aeration of the flame jets permits of combustion over the whole area of the localized combustion chambers and greatly increases the heating efliciency ofthe burner units, and this whether the burners are operating at high or low pressure, it being observed that both the direct and radiant heat ofthe burner flames are utilized to the fullest extent. The metal shells are also useful in preventing eontamination of the secondary air supply by the waste products .of combustion, as well as in guardingagainst back pressure, flame deflection, air currents, and other influences which might interfere with proper combustidn or impair'the heating efliciency of the.

burner. The improved arrangement is particularly advantageous in cases where it is desired. to locate the burner units in close prox imlty to the cooking top or cooking utensil thereon, being such that the flame jets are entirely enveloped with secondary air before they reach or contact with the heatedpart andthe fuel wholly consumed within the limted area of the flamespread, The exact construction of the parts and their advantages will best be understood from the detailed description to follow. 'In the accompanying drawings: Fig. 1 is a vertical section taken through the upper part of a'range of the closed-top variety constructed in accordance with this invention;

Fig. 2 is a sectlonal plan. view of the iniproved burner unit as shown in Fig. -1, taken on the line-2+2 of that figure; and

Fig. 3 is a vertical section taken on the line 3-3 of Fig. 2. I 4

. The improved unit comprises, generally spealdng, a Bunsen burner member A, shell or casing B, and a heat deflector C.

The burner member A may beof any desired. shape or form, depending largely upon theuse to which the unit is to' be put, but in the exemplary embodiment herein shown, it is provided with. a single circular row or series of nibs A having orifices through which the gaseous mixture issues and which;

constitute the flame ports of the burner. The fuel is supplied to the burner member, as usual, through a mixing tube A rovided at its entrance end with an air chain er A into.

whichthe gas'is discharged from a nozzle A under the control of a stop cock or valve A. In the drawings, the flame ports are shown as directed laterally, as distinguished fromverticallyor perpendicularly, the gas nibs A extending outwardly in a truly horizontal direction, although they might. extend upwardly at an inclination to the horizontal. The invention is primarily concerned with burner members formed with such laterally directed flame ports, having in view the complete aeration of the flame Jets and the elimination of the heat losses incident, to burners of this type. In this connection it may be stated that heretofore in the use of burners of the type in question, the 'secgndary air supplied to the burners reaches only the 'undersides of the burner flames, except pos- .sibly a trifling quantity which may percolate through the flames to the upper sides, with the result that imperfect combustion takes place, causing the liberation of poisonous carbon monoxide fumes and lowering the heating efficiency of the burners. This is especially true when the burners are placed close to the cooking utensil or the closed cooking top, when back pressure occurs or eddies are created which limit of prevent'the percolating action referred to. Moreover, in burners of this type, there isa considerable wastage of the heat units due to the horizontal disposition of the flame jets. In other words, the direct heat- I of the burner is derived almost entirely from the upper sides of the flame jets, the heat given ofl by the undersides and tip. ends of the flames being largely dissipated instead of concentrated u on the cooking utensil. With this brief exp anation, it is believed the utility of the present invention will become more apparent.

The shell or casing B, which preferably is made of metal, may likewise be of any desired shape or form, depending largely upon the form or shape of the-burnerme'mber. In

the present instance, the shell is made in the shape of a pan to surround the burner memher and has a central raised bottom portion B to serve as a cover for the burner member. As thus constructed, the space within -the pan-shaped shell B constitutes a combus tion chamber open at the top to allow the flames to act directly upon the part to be heated, while the space within the cover portion B constitutes a secondary air chamber containing the burner member and open at the bottom for the admission of air thereto. Communication between the two chambers is established by means; of a series of discharge" openings B formedjn the side wall of the cover portion B in registry with the flame ports. of the burner member. While the the oven burner.

gas'nibs A might project into or through the secondary'air discharge openings B it is preferred to have them terminate short of this way the flame jets may directly entrain Whatever quantity of secondary air is required to support combustion. In the draw- .any desired shape or form, depending also upon the form. or shape of the burner member, orat any rate upon the disposition of the flame ports, and may be made of any desired material adapted to .function in the required manner.- In the present instance, the deflector forms the floor of the 'combus' tion chamber created by the shell B and is composed of some refractory material, such as fireclay, which is adapted to be heated to incandescence by the flame jets, and which will absorb the heat losses. of the flame jets and radiate them back substantially into the zone of the flamespread. In the form shown, the deflector is laid in a ring-like bed in the bottom of the shell B around the central raised cover portion B ,..and has its upper or radiatin surface curved upwardly and outwardly from ashorizontal plane located the discharge openings as shown, so that in below the secondary air discharge openings" i B This curvature is such that the flame,

jets (whichare projected outwardly in a truly horizontal direction) will contact with the radiating surface at their tip ends as well as at their "undersides. ..It is pointed out,

however, that therefractory bed is so shapedthat its radiating surface will contact only with the outer or feather parts of the flame .jets and not with the inner or cone parts thereof, thereby permitting combustion to take place without interference or disturbance.

In Fig. '1 the above described burner unit is illustrated as embodied in a gas range comprising an oven 2 and a closed smooth-surfaced cooking top 3, the latter being arranged above and in spaced relation to the top wall 4 of the oven and extending rearwardly be yond the backwall 5 of the range and formed throughout its length with a series of outward openings or vents 9 adapted to. discharge into a flue 1 the products of combustionissuing from both the top burners and At this point it may be noted that .theTproducts of combustion from the oven 2 pass off througha top flue 10 communicating at the rear through openir "s;

practically a continuous sheet ot-flame covering the entire radiating surface of the refrac tory bed, although still confined to that area. In this way, an intense heating eflect may be produced within the limited area of the combustion chamber without interfering with proper'combustion and with the minimum consumption of fuel.

The invention is not, of course, confined to. the precise conlstructions shown and described, nor to any particular construction by which the same may be carried into efl'ect, as many changes may be made in the details thereof without departing from the main principles of thejnvention and without sac.- rificing its chief advantages. It should be understood, therefore, that the invention is not limited'to anyspecific form or embodiment, except in so far as such limitations are specified in the claims.

Having thus described my invention, its construction and mode of operation, what I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is as follows:

1. A gas range including, in combination, a closed cooking top, a Bunsen burner supported beneath the cooking top and formed in its outer peripherv with a seriesof laterally dirccted flame ports, a shell surrounding the burner and forming a combustion chamber around the burneras well as a secondary air chamber wherein the burner is located, the said shell being formed in its side wall adjacent the flame ports with openings leading from the secondary air chamber into the combustion chamber, and a burner plate located below and in close proximity to the cooking top and forming in connection therewith a heat generating chamber, the said heat generating chamber having an outlet for the products of combustion and communicating -with the aforesaid combustion chamber and otherwise closed to the atmosphere.

A gas range including, in combination, a closed cooking top, a Bunsen burner supported beneath the cookin top, a shell surrounding the buri er and forming a combustion chamber as well as a secondary air chamber therefonthe said shell being formed adjacent the flame ports with openings leading from the secondary airchamber into the com; bustion chamber, a heat deflector composed of refractory material supported within the shell and forming the floor of the combustion chamber, and a burner plate located below and'in close proximity to the cookin topand forming in connection therewith a cat gencrating chamber, the said heat-generating chamber having an outlet for the products of combustion and communicating with the aforesaid combustion chamber and otherwise closed to the atmosphre. I

3. A gas range including, in combinatiom'a closed cooking top, a burner plate supported below and in close proximity to the top an exterior secondary air chamber communi- 4 eating through discharge openings with the combustion" chamber, and a Bunsen burner supported within the secondary air chamber and formed with flame ports registeringwith said discharge openings. J

4. A gas heating apparatus combination, a heat generating chamber having an outlet for the products .of combustion, a Bunsen burner associated with said chamber and formed with laterally directed flame ports, and a shell separating the burner from the heat generating chamber andforming on the one hand a restricted combustion chamber extending around the burner and communicating with the heat gento mcluding, 1n

crating chamber, and on the other hand a secondary' air chamber wherein the burner is located and communicating with the combustion chamber through openings formed in a side wall of-the separating shell adjacent the flame ports. Q

5. A gas heating apparatus including, in

combination, aheat generating chamber having an outlet for the products of combustion, a Bunsen burner associated with said chamber and formed with laterally directed flame ports, a shell separating the burner from the heat generating chamber and forming on the one hand a restricted combustion chamber extending around the burner andcommunieating with the heat generating chamber, and on the other hand ,a secondary air chamber wherein the burner is located and communieating with the combustion chamber through openings formedin a side wall of the separating shelladjacenuthe flame ports, and a heat deflector composed of refractory material supported within the shell and forming the -floor of the combustion chamber.

6. A gas range including, in combination, a closed cooking top having a lid opening and a removable lid therefor, a circular Bunsen burner located below the lid opening 'and formed with laterally directed flame ports, and ia heat deflector extending around'the 11 withan outlet chamber or pocket 12 having a narrow passage 13registering with the vents 9. A burner plate 18 (preferably inade of cast iron) is located in the space between the closed cooking top 3 and the oven top w wall-4 and provides in eflect an upper heat generating chamber 19 and a lower secondary air chamber 20. As shown, the burner plate is arranged irr close parallel relation to the overlying cooking top so as to provide-a shallow heat generating chamb er which will serve to heat the entire top whether one or more of the burners are in operation at a time. In this connection it may be stated that it is proposed to employa plurality of burner units below the forward portion of the cooking top, although only one is shown in Fig.

1. The burner plate 18 is recessed at the front to receive the burner-unit and is designed 20 to exclude secondary air from the heat generating chamber except that which is entrained by the burner flames. In providing for the support of the burner unit, the shell or casing B is provided at its upper edge with, an annular flange B which seats upon a similar flange 21 formed around the edge a of the lid opening 22 of the cooking top 3, the two flanges being sufliciently depressed to receive and ive support to the customary lid 23 flush with the upper surface of the cooking top. As thus arranged, the shell B becomes a supporting member for the burner A which is suspended therefrom by means .of a cotter pin D passed through a perforated lug D extended upwardly from the burner through an aperture in the top of the cover portion B Aswill be observed, the shell B is of the same diameter as-the lid opening,

so that the combustion chamber formed with- 40 in the shell is limited to the area of the lid opening; hence when a cooking vessel is placed in the lid opening or upon the lid, the direct and radiant heat of the burner may be concentrated thereon, the arrangement being such that the burner flames may be brought as close to the top as desired without danger of interferin A with proper combustion. The waste pro ucts leave the combustion chamber through the vents B of the 5 0 shell B and enter the heat enerating chamslow cooking and warming up or keeping hot such food as may already have been cooked. I The heating capacity-of the escaping productsis greatly increased by the shallow character of the heat generatin chamber, due to the close proximity o t e burner plate caused to passbetween the two without substa'ntial expansion in a stratum of substant p i 1,735,054

tially uniform character which imparts practically the whole of its heat to the cooking top on the one hand and the burner plate on the other. The burner plate be'commg hot, will in turn radiate its heat to the overlying cooking top and aid further in pro-.

moting the heating efliciency of the range in v this respect. radiated from the burner plate will be imparted to the air entering the underlying secondary air chamber 20 and hence enable the air to be more efi'e'ctively entrained at Moreover, some of the heat' I the flame ports. The eflect above described will take place whether one or more of the burners are in operation at the same time, although" necessarily the maximum heating effect will be obtained by the use of all the burners simultaneously. Once the cooking top is heated, one burner alone will keep it hot, since the heat generating chamber is substantially coextensive with the top and allows the heated products of combustion to be distributed uniformly throughout the entire under surface ofthe top. The behavior of the burner unit will have been understood from the foregoing description, it being ap parent that no secondary air can enter the heat generating chamber except that which is entrained through the discharge openin s 13 by the flame jets directly, It hardly nee to be stated that the secondary air will be drawn in from the chamber 20 through the open bottom of the cover B.

It will now be seen that, in the operation of the improved range, the secondary-air is supplied to the burner in pure atmospheric condition and without contamination by the waste products, being drawn up through the open bottom of the secondary air chamber "and then entrained from ,said chamber di- 1 rectly by, the, flame jets as they project through the discharge openings Binto the combustion chamber formed by the shell B. Since the'discharge openings entirely surround the flame ports, each flame jet will be entirely enveloped with secondary air in order to produce complete combustion. In other words, notwithstanding the lateral disposition of the flame ports, the secondary air w ll reach, not merely the undersides of the flame jets, but every part thereof and in quantities regulated by the flame jets them selves. As the flame jets enter the combustron chamber, they contact with the radiating surface of the refractory bed B (which, incidentally, may be plain, as shown, or nodular or of any other desired configuration), heating it to incandescence. As before explained, both the lower sides and tip ends of the jets will impinge against the refractory bed, the 1 upper sides of the jets only being utilized for direct heating. The heat absorbed by the 18 with the cooking top 3,1the products belng ,refractory bed, which would otherwise be lost .less diameter than that of said lid opening,

burner and adapted to be heated to incandescence by the laterally directed flame jets, said heat deflector having an outside diameter substantially, equal to that of the lid opening whereby to concentrate heat losses of the laterally directed flame ets upwardly against the cooking top substantially within the zone of the lid opening.

7 A gas range including, in combination, a closed cooking top having a lid opening and a removable lid therefor, a circular Bunsen burner located below the lid opening and of said burner being formed in its outer periphery with laterally directed flame ports, and a circular bed of refractory material extending around the outside of the burner in position to be heated to incandescence by the laterally directed flame jets, said refractory bed having an outside diameter substantially equal to that of the lid opening whereby to concentrate heat losses of the laterally directed flame jets upwardly against the :ooking top substantially within the zone of the lid opening.

In testimony whereof, I have ,aflixed my signature hereto.

HENRY W. ODOWD.

Images