US1720247A - Mixing device - Google Patents

Description

4 Sheets-Sheet J. W. SMITH MIXING DEVICE Filed July 13.- 1927 July 9, 1929.

-/V V///// Y//////// AVI/r ATI'ORNEY John w/'llmwsmiflv INVENTOR J. w. sMTH MIXING DEVICE July 9, 1929.

Filed July 13. 1927 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 John' william Smzx INVENTOR WITNESS f 22 Z i BY 00 ATI`ORNEY 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 J. W. SMlTH MIXING DEVICE Filed July 15, 1927 July 9, 1929.

dohw walk/arra Grn/with INVENTOR WITNESS 5( .4 3'

Patented July 9, 1929.

UNITED STA'TES JOHN' WILLIAM SMITE, OF SYRACUSE, NEW YORK.

MXING Application fd 'Ju' 13,

The present improvements whileadapted I ,for being 'used in the admixturing of various gases with each other and various liquids with each other, and alsoone or more gases with one or more liquids, are herein'illustrated as being especially arranged 'and adapted for use in charging air' with liquid fuel, usually in spray form, and bringing the said fuel to a highly comminted condition and also intimately interassociating the said comminu'ted fuel with and uniformly throughout the air.

A leading object of the present improvements' is to provide fuel-charged-air of the ,highly conditioned character described, for economically Operating furnaces as, for instance, the manufacture or working of steel or other metals and for Operating oil or gas engines most advantageously. A further object is to'provide an eficient systemand an arrangement of apparatus for mixing or blending two or more gases or two or more liquids as required for practically attaining maximum eificiencies and economies when employed in various industries.

In this connection it will be remembered that serious losses of fuel are incurred through the common practice of using air in excessive quantities and thereby reducng the intensity and completeness of combustion; be sides occupying valuable space and carrying off much heat and thus resulting in an unnccessa'y waste of fuel.

For accomplishing the said results, the apparatus hereinafter described is shown as being organized and equipped for subjecting a stream of the charged air while forwardlyflowing in a conduit, to a progressive conditioning treatment involving a complex of actions and forces whereby the stream is repeatedly diverted, refo'med and reversely shifted and' intermixed during its flowage, while any offthe'uncomminuted or heavier bodies, as globules or vesicles, are subjected u to a repeated and forcible impactive, disintegrative and dispersive'treatment whereby etl'ectively to interassociate all of the mate` rials comprised '-in the forwardly flowing stream.

One of the leading features of the presentinvention, as hreinafter more fully ex- )lained in'connection with the accompanying i illnstrations, consists in an extension of the transversely curved columnar formation set forth in nyco `ie'iding ap lication, Serial Ne. 2005309 filed.. une 21,192 a complete anuter 'aii DEVICE.

1927. seriallo. 205347.

nular 'construction, and in the combinatio'n's with the annular conduit channel ths ohtaine'd, of two series of stream-heating' annuli apprtenant, respectively, one series to the transversely-concave channel-wall, and having, respectively, their' stream-guiding e anddividin' i blade-portions' positioned on difierentang es relatively to the wall-surfaces and 'rel'atively to the' flowage-path of the stream; and, also'thereb forming (intermediate to successive' sai chambers having, in an axi'al plane of conduit, successively reversed positions and specific modes and ranges of action;

A 'further feature resulting from, or produced by, the above 'described annular system of organization, is' the Construction of the said blade-portions of the annuli, orofcertain of them, to have an inclined form, or position, laterlly'thereof, and 'thereby adapt them to inipart to the material flowing therethrough,`a lateral trend or movement 'which may be reversed in successive chambers respectively, and may extend throughout' the circuit of the chanber or 'chambers' so provided, and thus effect a shifting rotatively of and in the 'channel of Successiva merging masses in one direction and of othersuccessive said masses in an opp'osite direction and thereby increase the aggregate eflect.

These and other features, capabilities and advantages of the invention, will appear from the subjoined detail description of specific embodiments thereof, illustrat'ed in' the accompanying drawings in 'which Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of a complete mixing device constructed according to one embodiment of the present invention;

Figs. 2 and'3 are fragmentalsections showing different types of interceptors; V

Fig. 4 is' a` fragmental section illustrating a. type of conduit which can be sed with the embodiment illustrated in Fig. 1 `in which the interceptors are integral with the main walls of the conduit, I

Fig. 5 is-a transverse section on the line 5 -5 of Fig. 1 looking upwardly;

Fig. Gis a transverse section of the embodiment illus-trated in Fi 1 showing one row of interceptor blades d iagrammatically;

Fig. 7 isa transverse section similar to Fig. 6 showing a single row' of outer and inner interceptor blades diagrammatically;

Fig. 8 .is a transverse section similar to Fig. 6 showingdagrammticallv a 'singlerowof innefintrcptor bsde f :mother annuli) mergingtype in which the rea hand area shows the outer row overlapping the inner row and the right hand area shows the in ner row overlapping the outer row; .i

Fig. 9 shows a tragmental longitudinal `section of the interceptor blade Construction illustrated in Fig. 1;

Fig. 10 is a 'ragmental longitudinal section' similar .to Fig. 9 showing successve rows of interceptor blades diagrammatically;

Fig. ,11 is alongitudinal section similar to Fig. 1 oi' anotherembodiment showing a dit- .ferenttype of interceptor blades and showing them integral with the main walls;

' F 12 isa transverse section of the embodiment illust-rated in Fig. 11 but showing diagrammatically various types of interceptor blade's, the lower leit quarter showing a single rowot' inner blades; the upper left quarter showing a single row of outerblades and a single row ol another typeot inner blades in their respective positions relative to One another; the upper right quarte'r showing a single row of .outer blades similar to thoseshown in the upper left quarter but with a single row of inner blades having curved edges; and the lower right quarter l showing a single row of inner blades similar to those shown in the upper right quarter and a single row of outer blades also having curved e( ges; v

Fig. 13 is a fragmental transverse section showing certain of the 'forces the stream diagrammatically; Figs. 14, 15 and `16 show still further types the present mixing.device;

Figsfl'? and 18 show diagrammatically a row of inner and outer blades respectively 'ot interceptor blades which can be used with V of the type used in the embodiment ot Fig. 1

connected i'or being used in a horizontal or e inclmed position,` whenever such a change may be found necessary or more desirabl e. In any such inst'ance, the Conduit column may .be provided' with, or be used in connection with some suitable supporting means or devices, such as are'well known and commonly employed 'for many analogous purposes in various industrial and other estabiishments; tor these, reasons it has been deemed to be unnecessary to herein more fully describe the said variations in the positioning of theconj duit column. In this connection it is to be noted that the Conduit columns may any of them be madeof such sizes, both as to length and cross-sectional dimensions as shall be suitable for the service and capacity found to be needtul in any particular instance. Therefore, in p 'actice, the Conduit column and the details and accessories thereot and theret'or may beot small dimensions when the appz.-

ratus is constrcted 'or work requiring the treatment-ot only small Volumes, and may be of large dimensions when cmployed for treating large volumes ot' the materials, as for instance, when proportoned for admixturng large volumes of gases, or for blending large quantities ot liquids.

In the embodiment illustrated in Fig. 1, there are shown two supports 1 and 2 which receive the annular flange 3 of the intake member 4 which consists o'an inwardly flaring downwardly extending"cone-shaped wall 5 terminating in a lower tubular portion 'C having a flange 7 secured to the flange 8 oli the air intale conduit 9. .Extendinginto the Conduit 9, there is provided the 'uel supply nozzle 10, the mouth of which is positioned to direct its' charge centrally ofthe air stream passage 11 ot the Conduit 9;

On the intake member 4 and extending upwardly therefrom, there are preferably 'toi-med four arms 12 which support' the cap '13 which has a cone-shaped member 14, the peak of which alines substantially with the center of the passage 15. The cap 13 extends upwardly and forms an annular support 16 for the inner tube member B which forms the inner wall of the mixing Conduit. The ange 3nt the intake member J: receivcs the annular tlange 17 ot' the outer tube member F which forms the outer wall ot' the miting Conduit Iu the prcsent instance, the outer tube n'ember F consists oi" two tubular members 18 and 19 connected to one another in the usual way, the upper tubular member 19 having an annular fiange`20at its upper end to receive the' annular fiange 21 of the outlet member 22, having a passage 23 leading to the combustion chamber in the usual way.

In the present instance, the cap 13 properly Centers the lower end of the inner' tubular member B. he upper end of the tubular member B is preferably provided with a cap 2l-to close its upper end. A spider 25, preferably having threelegs 26, has its' annular porgtion 27 engage the ca p 24 and the extrcn'ities of its legs 26 engagethe inner pcriphery ot the'lower end ot the outlct nenber 22 properly to center the upper end-of the .inner tubular member 'B relative to the outer tubular member F. i

The annular surface 16 of the cap 13 extends beyond the outer periphery of the tubular member B to form an annular seat for the inner inter-copter members now to be described. The lower edge ot' the flange 28 of the cap 24 formsa shoulder on the outer periphery of the member B and functions to engage the uppermost inner interceptor member to anchor the inner interceptor members against displacement.

The inner interceptor members, in the prescnt instance, consist of a plurality of sleeves having upwar'd out wardly flaring interceptor blades 29. The lowermost sleeve 30, in the present instance, is comparatively short in length and has its interceptor blade extending upwardly and outwardly froni the upper end thereof at an angle of about sixty degrees to the tubular member B. The next lowermost sleeve 31, similar to the sleeve 30, intimately engages the tubular member B, and being posit-ioned' thereby has its lower edge inclined to conform to the upper face of the lowermost interceptor blade 29. Above the sleeve 30, in the present instance, there are provided three sleeves 31 in alinement with 'one another. Above the uppermost sleeve 31, there is provided a sleeve 32, the lower edge of which is inclined to conform to the upper surface of the intereeptor blade 29 of the uppermost sleeve 31, and the upperedge of which 'forms a seat for the lower edge of the flange 28.

The interceptor blades 29, as diagrammatically shown in Fig. 6, consist of an annular row of teeth 33, the edges of which converge in points 34 terminating beyond the middle of the annular chamber C.

Adajacent to the inner periphery of the tubular member F, there are provided `a plurality of interceptor members, the -lowermost interceptor member, in the present instance, consisting'of a sleeve portion 35 fitting snugly against the inner peripheral wall of the tubular member F, and having a lower interceptor blade 36 extending inwardly and fiaring upwardly from the lower end thereof, and an upper interceptor blade 37 extendng 1nwardly and fiaring upwardly from the upper end thereof. The lower annular edge of the sleeve 35 rests on the shoulder formed by the intake member 4 adjacent to its flange 3. Above the sleeve 35, in the present instance there are provided three' other Outer'interceptor members of similar Construction and in alinement with one another, each consisting of a sleeve portion 38 fitting snugly against the inner peripheral wallof the tubular member F and having its lower edge' inclined to conforn with the adjacent interceptor blade and resting th'ereon, and having an inceptor blade portion 39 extending inwardly and flarng upwardly, The blade portions 36, 37 and 39, in the present instance, form an angle of approximatelyfortyfive degrees with the peripheral wall of the tubular member F. Above the uppermost sleeve 38, there is for-med a short sleeve 40, the lower edge of which conforms to the upper surface of the uppermost blade portion 39, and the upper edge of which conforms to the lower projecting'port'ion of the flange 21,

so that the outer interceptors are seeurely anchored in place between'the intake member 4, flange 21 and tubular member F.

edges that converge in points 42 that extend beyond the middle of the annular chamber C toward the tubular member B. The teeth and 41 are so positioned relative to one another that each tooth 41 extends into the adjacent opposite space between two adjacent opposite teeth'33;

In Figs. 8 and 10, the=inner interceptor blades are illustrated as having 'the space between adjacent teeth startinga distance removed from the tubular wall member B, whereby the lateral converging edges lose in length but the stream defleeting snrfaces are increased. It will be noticed by an exanination of Fig. 10 that the stream flowing upwardly with respect to the Construction there illustrated will engage the concave surfaces of the outer teeth 4 1 and the convex surfaces of the inner teeth 43.

In Fig. 13, there is illustrated one of'` the important resultssecured, in practice, by the Construction of the stream-channel, (or conduit-channel), with the said walls thereof in the described transversely-curved form, and also symmetrically positioned, these walls, preferably, having a' longitudinal parallelism. Thus said walls, or the inner 'surfaces, as' f and b'thereof, are oppositely disposed, the outer wall F having the said eoncave inner surface f, and' the inner wall B having the eonvex outer surface The stream While flowing through said channel, has the materials and the body thereof alternately treated in a dispersive and interblending manner and is forced first toward one said wall and then I toward the other said wall, thereby creating certain flowage-lines, with resultant or forcelines having, or tending to develop a peculiar spreading and-lateral action of-a' dynamie nature.

For instance, a -flowage-line, or force, leading from apoint on the concave surface f, and directed and spreadingto or toward the points 51, 52,'on said convex surfaceB, will nat-urally react (on equal but reverse angles) toward the widely separated points 53, 54, respectively, on said concave surface f. Thus, any such dynamic action, or flowage lines as 55, 56, react on more widely spreading lines as -57, 58, toward a greater arc or zone on the said concave surface; also, although not here' shown, it will be evident that said reaetionary effect may be shifted or directed to a more advanced position or height longitudinally of the channel by reason 'of the stream fiowing therein."

When said conduit surfaces i and b are eXtended to an annular form, the above descrbed operaton of said fiowage-reacton and force-linos, which may oecur simultaneously at several points in the circuits, operate throughout the entire circumference, and thereby tend to aid in a rogressive manner to the ditfusion and intermixing ol' the stream-elements during the flowage o' these elements lengthwise ot the Conduit with the described stream-shitting ell'ects.

Also, in Fig. 13, force-linos are shown eX- tending from point 59 on the convex wall to points 60, 61, respectively, on said concave wall f, and there reacting by lines 62, 63, to the short are on the convex-wall 'ace Z). Thus the reaction flowage forces leading from the convex wall tend to return thereto with only a slight, it any, spreading efiect.

In the Construction of these conduits, it is desirable to use the ineisor type of interceptors heretot'ore described. lVith these types o-f'blades, see Fig. 4, a varying pressure will be created in the stream during its passage.

:from one blade to another. The line 66 in F {t indicates dia 'rammatcall the rise h, I ta and tall of the pressure in the stream portions durn their inward movement the V b i. i a bul 'es 6( below the interce 3tors 29 39 indi- 3 7 'at-mg 'the ncrease in pressure in the stream portions as distinguished from the decrease in pressure beyond the nterceptor members 29, 39. From the foregoing it will thus be seen that in the present device the intercepthis variation in pressure fromside to side and longitudinally of the Conduit, the concave lower surfaces of the teeth 4:1 and the convex lower surfaces of the teeth 43 will serve to impart a co-nstantly varying change oit speed in the mixture. In other words, while the area adj acent the tubular member Bis smaller relative to the area adjacent to the tubular member F, whereby the stream portions when being dellected from the larger area. adjacent to thetubular member F into the smaller area adjacent to the tubular member B resulting in a constantly alternating expansion and contraction of the stream, the convex lower sui-faces of the blades 43 will permit the stream portions when passing the same more quickly to cross the same than the concave lower surfaces of the blades %Ll which will function to cause the stream portions to 'crowd together on the bla-de rather than to spread apart and leave the blade.

In this connection, it will beremembered that a well known plenomenon in the fiowing ot gases and liquids through conduits therefor, is the formation of a smaller and more rapid stream flowing through the slower moving mass ot' the main stream. This un equal rate of flowage may readily occur in conduits of various sizes, lengths and proportions, and especially when the conduit a chimney pipe or flue) has a cross-sectional form of small dimension in one direction and in'a direction transverse thereto has a much larger dimension. Thelatter condition ap pertains to the 'form of annular channel herein illustrated, aswill be evident from the drawings. For instance in Fig. 6, the thickness of the channel is indicated by the short radialline r, whereas the transverse length of the channel, measured in a circle midway between thewall-faces F and B, is ully six times as great as the length of said radial r. Thus, in practice, it becomes possible (especiallyin view of well-known instances of the class above noted) for the up-fiowing stream to have on one side of the annular conduit, a 'lilterent rate of flow-age, an'dalso a difi'erent character of adnixture, than on the oppesite side thereot.

These results are overcome, or prevented, in the present annular system by the use of a Construction and organization of the streamtreating blades o't the annuli (orof a sufficient number ot them) whereby the blades have transversely thereof an inclined position, the angle o-r pitch and the proportions thei-cof being sutlicient for iniparting to the material up-fiowing against and between them, a trend and flowage movement circim'ferentially within the Conduit channel. By arranging said inclines in opposite directions in successive mergingchambers, respectively, said circumferential fiowage may be, :tor instance, to-

ward the right hand and continuous in each alternate chamberofi one-series, and toward the left hand andcontinuous in each intervening said' chamber; and while 'these fiowages are continuing rotatively of the column, the upfiow of the stream is also continuously supplying material into each of the chambers, and also, in equal quantity, taking, material out of those chambers, so that any given mass ofmaterial starting upward in the stream will be repeatedly fiowed back and 'orth circumferentially of and in the channel and so be repeatedly merged with, and inter-associated with other material or mass components of the stream. Furthermore, as will now be evident, the said treatment of the ma terial by the described rotative flowages in reverse directions alternately, is now accomplished in a nanner which avoids any rotation of the stream as a whole, and thus avoids the Creation theren of any objectionable centrifugal action orany segregative efiect arisng therefron.

In other words, as diagrammatically illustrated in Figs. 19 and 20, the blades a of each interceptor for instance are staggered relative to one another so that the stream in passing upward through the Conduit, illustrated in F ig. 1, will not only be deflected from the wall a B to the wall F and back again, but also be directed in a spiraldirection. In this case, the opposing blades m, see Fig. 20, whenin operative relation to the blades a will be inclined in the opposite direction thereby to cause the stream portions as they are receivedby the blades-a; to be "shi'ted in the opposite direction to that caused by the inclination of the blades a, and thus again a further rise and' 'fall in pressure Will be created in thestrean portions passing from one interceptor 39 to the succeeding interceptor 29 and so on, and in addition there will be positively prevented the formation of any independent unelected streams or parts.

For different conditions the teeth 29 and 39 in the embodiment illustrated in Fig. 3, the

teeth29'- and 39' of both 'the inner sleeves 31' and the outer sleeves 40' respectively are curved.

In the embodiment illustrated in Fig. 11, there is 'provided an intake member 68 having an annular channel 69, an inlet passage 7 0 and' a recess 71. The intake member is provided 'with a flange 7 2 around its inlet'pas sage 70 to receive the flange' 7 3 of the air. supply tube 74. The air supply tube 74 is preferably provided with a fuel supply nozzle 75 which extends-centr'ally into the passage 70, as shown. The recess'7l is formed to serve as a seat and securely to anchor the lower end of the inner tubular member B against displacement. The intake member is also provided with an annular flange76` adjacent toits annular chamber 69 to receive 'the annilar'flang'e 77 at the lower end of the outer -tubular member F. The outer t'ub'ular member F, as shown in. Fig. 12, is preferably composed of two sections 78 and 7 9 provided'with longitiidinally extending fianges`80, 81, and 82,' 83, respectively, Secured to one another as shown. The upper end of the' tbular member B` is preferably provided with a cap 84 to close the same, an' d in a' ddition thei-eto the upper end of the member B has Secured thereto the spider 85 eonsisting of the annularmember 86 engaging the tubiilar member B adjacent to the r lower edge of the cep 84 and the arms 87, the extremities otwhich engage the lower periphery of the-outletmember 88' thereby properly to center the member. B relative to the member F. The member 88, as shown, is providedwith an annular flange89 to engage and besecured to the annular flange 90 of the tubular member F.

In this embodiment, the interceptor members are :illustrated asintegral with the main wall members B and F. The interceptor members 91 of the tubular member B extend at right angles to the axis of the member B. The member F .is provided with two different types of interceptor blades, one type, the blades 92, which extend downwardly and inwardly, and the other type, the blades 93, which extend upwardly and inwardly. In the embodiment illustrated, each row of blades 91 extends between a row of downwardly extending blades 92 and a row of upwa-rdly extending blades 93.

In the embodiment 'illustrated in Fig 12, different formations of teeth' are illust-rated, the :lower left quarter 94 showing a row of inner teeth 95 which extend from the tubular member B-entirely across to the tubular member F so that the converging points 96 of :the teeth 95 practically engage the tubular member F. quarter, there are shown ea row of inner b1ades-98sand a row. of outer blades 99 similar to those illustrated in Fig. 8.

In the `upper-right quarter 100, there are shown a row of outer blades 101 similar to theblades 99 shown in the upper left quarter, and a row of inner blades -102 having curved edges.

In the lower-right quarter 103,.there are shown' a row of inner blades 104 smilar t0 the blades 102 of: the upper right quarter, anda row of outer blades 105 having curved edges. 7 1

-In--Figs. 14, 15 and 16, still other combinations of blades are shown. In Fig.14, the 'line l06designates the zone of one combination having a downwardly ,inclining blade 107, and an upwardly inclining-blade 108 extending from the wall' F, and two hori- Zontal-ly extending blades- 109' and 110 extending fromthe wall B, the blade -109 extending above the blade 107 and the blade 110 extending above the blade 108.

*The line 111 designates a zone containing another' combination of blades 'in which there is shown an upwardly* inclining blade 112 and-a downwardlyainclining blade 113 extending from the wall B, and three horizontally extending blades 114,'115 and 116, extending from the wall F, the blade 112 extendingbetween the blades 114 andll, and' the' blade '113 extending between the blades 115 and 116. i

The line 117 designates a zone containing still another combination of blades in which In the zone 97, the upper left there, is shown a horizontally' extending blade 118, an upwardly nclining blade 119 and azdownwardly inclining blade 120 extending 'from the wall B, and two horiZon-' tallyiextending blades 121 and 122 extending from the wall F, the blade121 extending between the'blades 119 and 120, and the blade 122 extending into the pocket 'ormed above theblade 120. r

In Fig. 15, still another coinbination of blades is shown, the tubul'ar member i B having extending therefrom the upwardly curved blade 123, the downwardly curved blade '1241, the upwardly curved blade 125, -the downwardly curvedblade 126,'.and the upwardly curved blade 127, while the' outer tubular 'member F has 'formed thereon the' horizontally extendinig blades 128 and 129, the bla'de 128 extending into the pocket i'ormed beneath the 'blade 123 and'the' blade v 129 extendngbetween the blades 123 and 124. On the member F there are also tormed the' upwardly curved blade 130, the `upwardly-inclined blade 131, and the upwardly" curved blade '132, the upwardly curved blade 130 'extending between the blades 124 and 125, the upwardly inclined blade 131 eX- tending between the blades 125 and 126, and the upwardly curved blade '132 extending between ;the blades 126 and 127.

departing from the general spirit of the in- I V-ention as set forth in the appended claims.

I claim z' i i e 1. In' a device ot-the character described, the combination with a Conduit having an annular inner wall, of an annularouter wall forming'an annular channel with said inner wall, plurality of interceptors extending from the outer wall across themiddle of the conduit forming passage toward the inner wall, and a plurality of interceptors extending vfrom the inner wall across the middle of the Conduit formingpassage toward the outer. wall andinto the chambers formed between the' interceptors extending from said outer.

wall whereby the stream directed through said conduit will be` -direeted from one opposing wall to the other, said interceptors beingeachcomposedof a series of blades having edges converging to pointsterminating beyond the middle of the channel formed between said `walls. V i i .2. ;Ina device 'of the character described,

the 'combin'ation with a conduit havingan annularmner wall, of an annular outer wall: ijornnng an annular channel' with saidnner wall, a plurality of interceptors extending from the outer'wall across the middle of the Conduit 'torming passage toward the inner wall, and a plurality of interceptors extending :from tlie inner wall across the middle of the Conduit :torming passage toward-the outer wall and intothe chambers' 'ormed between the. intereeptors extending from said outer wall whereby the stream directed through sa id Conduit will be drected 'from one opposing wall to the other, said interceptors being each composed of a series of blades having edges converging to points terminating bee yond 'the middle of the channel formed between said walls, the pointsof the interceptor b'lades extending from the outer wall being grouped closer to one another than the points of the inte'ceptor hlades extending from the inner wall thereby to .increase the resistance to the stream portions when adjacent said inner wall and further to increase the pressure in said stream portions when adjacent said inner wall. 4

3. In a device of the character described, the combination with a conduit having an annular inner wall, of an annularouter wall torming an annular channel with said inner wall, a plurality of interceptors extending 'from the outerwall across the middle of the conduit :forming passage toward the inner wall, anda plurality of interceptors extending from the inner wall across the middle of the Conduit forning passage toward the outer wall and into the chambers formed between the interceptors extending from saidouter wall whereby the stream clirected through said conduit will'be directed from one opposing wall to the other, said interceptors beingeach composed of a series of blades having edges convergng to points terminating beyond the middle ofthe channel 'formed between ,said walls, the blades of alternate interceptors being inclined in opposite directions to impart to the stream an alternately opposite spiral movement.

l. Ina device of the character described, the combination with a conduit having an annular innerwall, of an annular outer wall forming an annular channel with said inner wall, e a plurality of interceptors extending from the' outer wall across the middle of the conduit tormingpassage toward the inner wall, a plurality of interceptors extending from the inner wall across the middle of the conduit forming passage toward the outer wall 'andinto the ehambers formed between the interceptors extending from said outer wall whereby the stream directed through said Conduit will bedirected from one oppos-.

ing wall to the other, said interceptors being each ,composed of a series of blades having edges convergng to po nts terminating beyond the middle of the channel forme'd between said walls, the points of the interceptor blades extending from the outer wall being grouped closer to one another than the points of the interceptor blades extending from the inner wall thereby to increase the resistance to the stream portions when adjacent said inner wall and further to increase the pressure in said stream portions When adj acent said inner wall, and the blades extending from the inner wall forming a greater angle with the inner wall than the angle formed with the outer wall by the outer blades.

5. In a device of the character described, the combination with a conduit having an in ner annular wall forning a tube, of an outer annular wall, caps for closing the ends of the tube formed by the inner wall, a discharge conduit in communication with the discharge end of the annular channel formed between said inner and outer walls, an intake conduit in communication with the intake end of said channel, a plurality of rows of interceptors i extendin from the inner wall across the middle of sad channel and inclining toward the discharge end and toward the outer wall, and a plurality of rows of interceptors extending from the outer wall across the middle of said channel and inclining toward the 'discharge end and toward the inner wall, whereby the stream directed through said conduit will be directed from one opposing Wall to' the other, each row of interceptors being composed of a plurality of blades.

6. The combination with a conduit having an inner annular wall, an outer annular wall forming an annular channel with said inner Wall, a plurality of outer sleeves secured to the inner periphery of said outer wall, interceptor blades extending from said sleeves across the middle of said channel toward the inner wall and inclining in the direction of travel of the stream to be treated, a plurality of inner sleeves secured to the outer periphery of said inner wall, interceptor blades eX- tending from said inner sleeves toward said outer wall and inclining in the 'direction of travel of the stream to be treated, a discharge conduit in communication with the discharge end of the annular channel formed between said inner and outer walls, and an intake member secured to said inner and outer walls at the inlet end of the channel formed between said walls, said'intake member spacing the inner end of the inner wall from said outer Wall and having a conical peak for (leflecting the incoming air and fuel into the channel formed between said walls.

JOHN WILLIAM SMITH.

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