US1716943A - Aluminum-beryllium alloy and method of treatment - Google Patents
Aluminum-beryllium alloy and method of treatment Download PDFInfo
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- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
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- the invention relates to aluminum base alloys containing beryllium, one object being to provide a method of heat-treating such alloys to improve their physical properties,
- beryllium cannot be used in large quantities as an alloying constituent in competition with less expensive alloying constituents.
- such an alloy is heated to a temperature slightly below the melting point of the most fusible constituent of the alloy. which may be that of the aluminum-beryllium eutectic, and is maintained at such temperature for a substantial period of time, the alloy being then quenched at, or substantially at, the temperature to which it was heated.
- the temperature to which the alloy is heated and at which it is maintained may vary from about 550 C. to slightly below 645 C., which latter and artificially is about the alu-- Application filed November 22, 1926. Serial No. 150,141.
- the period of time during which the alloy is maintained at an elevated temperature varies with its size and with the heating tem erature and the beryllium content of the al 0y.
- the time of heat-treatment will also vary according as the alloy is in the cast condition or has higher than about 200 C.
- an aluminumberyllium alloy for example a binary alloy in the form of a casting, a'ge hardens naturally at room temperature quite rapidly, and that this hardening is often substantially complete after one or two days. However, feet the age hardening artificially at elevated temperatures.
- the effect of this-heattreatment is to substantially increase the hardness and tensile strength of the alloy.
- the alloy may contain undissolved beryllium, which, upon being heated in the manner explained, tends to dissolve and form a solid solution up to the solubility limit at the temperature to whichit is heated. ⁇ Vhen the alloy is quenched from this temperature the solid solution is retained at room temper ature, and, upon aging. the out which was dissolved at the higher temperature tends to precipitate in the form of very' small particles which harden and stiffen the matrix, thereby increasing the strength and hardness of the alloy.
- Aluminum-beryllium alloys such as herein contemplated may be variously manufactured.
- an alloy of low beryllium content may be prepared by stirring metallic beryllium, which melts at about 1280 C. in molten aluminum at about 1100 C. until the beryllium is dissolved.
- a flux such as barium chloride facilitates introduction of the beryllium.
- rich aluminumberyllium alloys containing 10, 25 or per cent or more of beryllium may be prepared it is sometimes advantageous to ef excess constituselves without subsequent alloyin in this way for use in the subsequent preparation of aluminum-beryllium alloys having lower beryllium content, or for use themalloys in iron molds to give chill cast slabs about one-fourth of an inch thick.
- the Brinell hardness values of these alloys as cast were determined by usin a 10 millimeter ball under a load of 500 kilograms, and are give in the second column of the table. The several specimens were then all heated for 24 hours at a temperature of 631 C.
- quenchedin water airdiged three days at room temperature was found to have a Brinell hardness of 24 immediately after quenching, and of 45 after aging.
- Other specimens of the same alloy after being ,heated for 18 hours at 600 C. and quenched in water were found to have an average Brinell hardness value of 25 as quenched, and of 40.2 after ag-' ing at room temperature, showing a decrease in Brinell hardness as compared to the sample which was heated at 637 C. but nevertheless shov'ing a substantial increase in hardness as comparedto that as quenched.
- the invention is applicable not only to chill castings made of aluminum-beryllium alloys, but also to sand castings, as shown by the folf lowing example.
- Samples of sand cast aluminum-beryllium alloys containing .5% beryllium showed in the cast condition an average tensile strength of about 12,000 pounds per square inch and a Brinell hardness of 21. After aging 11 days at room temperature the samples showed no appreciable change in strength or hardness.
- Other samples of the same alloy after being heated for 30 hours at 632 C. and quenched in water had a tensile strength of 13,000 pounds per square inch and a Brinell hardness of 23. These heat'- treated samples were then permitted to age naturally at room temperature for 11 days, when it was found that their average tensile strength was 17,000 pounds per square inch and their Brinell hardness 36.
- Annealed state lleat tmated state 7 a; Beryllium per cent Yield Tensile Elonga- Yield Tensile Elongapoint strength tion point strength tion
- the sheet in its annealed state had been annealed at 300 0., and in its heattreated state it had been heated for one and one-half hours at 625 (1., quenched in cold water, and aged several weeks at room tems perature.
- the yield points and tensile strengths are given in pounds per square inch, and the elongations in per cents in two inches.
- Heat-treatment of aluminum-beryllium alloy sheet also serves to increase the corrosion resistance as determined by the usual salt spray method.
- the changes in elongation are usually considered to constitute a more sensitive criterion of the corrosion effect than the changes in tensile strength.
- Samples of sheet rolled from the aluminum-beryl]imn alloy were exposed to salt spray for 1300 hours, with the followspecimens are much less affected by the salt spray than sheets which are in the as rolled or annealed condition.
- a further feature of our'invention has to do with the provision of ternary or 'more complex aluminum alloys containing beryllium.
- We have found very useful and beneficial effects are produced by the addition of beryllium to aluminum base alloys containing silicon, copper, magnesium, magnesium and silicon, magnesium and copper, and magnesium, copper and silicon.
- the effect of the addition of beryllium to these alloys may, for example, be to confer age hardening charactertistics where they did not exist before, to increase the age hardening characteristics already inherent in the alloy, and to increase the total hardness of the alloy.
- beryllium confers age-hardening properties upon chill cast aluminum-copper alloys.
- Such an alloy containing 4% copper and no beryllium after being chill cast showed no appreciable increase in hardness after standing several days at room temperature.
- the Brinell hardness increased from 46 immediately after casting to 69 after the sample was aged naturally for five days at room temperature
- the Brinell hardness of an aluminum alloy containing 3% copper and 0.05% beryllium increased from 48 as cast to 64 after aging eight days at room temperature.
- Heat-treated pure aluminum-copper alloys show distinct hardening at room temperature.
- an aluminum-copper alloy containing 4% copper was heat-treated at 550 C. and quenched.
- the hardness of the as quenched specimen was 63. After aging twenty-five days at room temperature, the hardness had increased to 79.
- the addition of beryllium to such an alloy causes an increase in this effect.
- the addition of 0.05% beryllium to the foregoing alloy caused the hardness to increase from 65 immediately after quenching from 550 C. to 99 after aging twenty-five days at room temperature.
- the average tensile strength of for ed samples of this alloy after aging twelve ays was found to be about 52,000 pounds per square inch, and the elongation to be 25% in two inches.
- aluminum base alloy is used to describe an alloy in which aluminum is the predominant constituent regardless of whether the alloy is binary, ternary, or of a more complex order. No claim-is made in this application to the improved alloys which we have disclosed, such alloys being claimed in a divisional application.
- the melting point. of the most fusible constituent of the alloy causes substantial solution of the undissolved beryllium constituent of the alloy, and thereafter quenching the alloy from substantially said temperature.
- the method of treating an aluminum base alloy containing beryllium which comprises heating the alloy to a temperature slightly below the melting point of the alui'nihum-beryllium eutectic to cause substantial solution of the undissolved beryllium constituent of the alloy, thereafter quenching the alloy from substantially said temperature. and subsequently aging the alloy at a tem perature not higher than about 200 C.
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Description
Patented .June 11, 1929.
UNITED STATES ROBERT S. ARCHER AND WILLIAM L. FIN K, OF
PATENT OFFICE.
CLEVELAND, OHIO, ASSIGNOBS T ALU- 'IION OF PENNSYLVANIA.
ALUMINUM-BERYLLIUM ALLOY AND METHOD OF TREATMENT.
No Drawing.
" The invention relates to aluminum base alloys containing beryllium, one object being to provide a method of heat-treating such alloys to improve their physical properties,
and another to provide improved aluminumberyllium alloys which have substantial advantages without as well as with heat-treatnient.
Because of its low, density,beryllium is a desirable alloying element for many purposes for which light aluminum base alloys are used, but because of its present high cost,
beryllium cannot be used in large quantities as an alloying constituent in competition with less expensive alloying constituents.
We have discovered, however, that by alloying relatively small quantities of beryllium with aluminum there result inexpensive light aluminum base alloys, which, when heattreated in a particular manner discovered by us, possess materially higher physical properties than previously known similar aluminum-beryllium alloys. As to this heattreatment. we have discovered that aluminum-beryllium alloys, particularly when made 'from quite pure metals, possess a marked increase in hardness and tensile strength when heated for a substantial period of time at a temperature slightly below the aluminum-beryllium eutectic temperature and then quenched in water or another suitable quenching medium. We have also discovered that aluminum-beryllium alloys when thus heat-treated, age harden, both naturally at room temperatures, at v temperatures not higher than about 200C.
In the practice of the feature of our invention having to do with a method of heattreating aluminum base alloys containing beryllium, such an alloy is heated to a temperature slightly below the melting point of the most fusible constituent of the alloy. which may be that of the aluminum-beryllium eutectic, and is maintained at such temperature for a substantial period of time, the alloy being then quenched at, or substantially at, the temperature to which it was heated. -We have found that the temperature to which the alloy is heated and at which it is maintained may vary from about 550 C. to slightly below 645 C., which latter and artificially is about the alu-- Application filed November 22, 1926. Serial No. 150,141.
,minum-beryl'lium eutectic temperature. The period of time during which the alloy is maintained at an elevated temperature varies with its size and with the heating tem erature and the beryllium content of the al 0y. The time of heat-treatment will also vary according as the alloy is in the cast condition or has higher than about 200 C. We have found that an aluminumberyllium alloy. for example a binary alloy in the form of a casting, a'ge hardens naturally at room temperature quite rapidly, and that this hardening is often substantially complete after one or two days. However, feet the age hardening artificially at elevated temperatures.
As has been stated, the effect of this-heattreatment is to substantially increase the hardness and tensile strength of the alloy. As cast, the alloy may contain undissolved beryllium, which, upon being heated in the manner explained, tends to dissolve and form a solid solution up to the solubility limit at the temperature to whichit is heated. \Vhen the alloy is quenched from this temperature the solid solution is retained at room temper ature, and, upon aging. the out which was dissolved at the higher temperature tends to precipitate in the form of very' small particles which harden and stiffen the matrix, thereby increasing the strength and hardness of the alloy.
Aluminum-beryllium alloys such as herein contemplated may be variously manufactured. For example, an alloy of low beryllium content may be prepared by stirring metallic beryllium, which melts at about 1280 C. in molten aluminum at about 1100 C. until the beryllium is dissolved. The use of small amounts. of a flux such as barium chloride facilitates introduction of the beryllium. By using higher temperatures, rich aluminumberyllium alloys containing 10, 25 or per cent or more of beryllium may be prepared it is sometimes advantageous to ef excess constituselves without subsequent alloyin in this way for use in the subsequent preparation of aluminum-beryllium alloys having lower beryllium content, or for use themalloys in iron molds to give chill cast slabs about one-fourth of an inch thick. The Brinell hardness values of these alloys as cast were determined by usin a 10 millimeter ball under a load of 500 kilograms, and are give in the second column of the table. The several specimens were then all heated for 24 hours at a temperature of 631 C. and then quenched in water, after which their Brinell hardness values given in the third column of the table were determined in the manner just explained. Thereafter the specimens were all permitted to age naturally for'two days at roBm temperature, and their Brinell hardness values given in the last column of the table were then determined.
-Hardness Berylli- Hard- Hard- 13, um ness ness 2 a per cent as cast quenched at g temperature This table shows that the Brinell hardness values of the specimen containing 013% beryllium do not vary materially with .heattreatment, the hardness value of the specimen when quenched and aged being substantially the same as when cast. However, the specimen having a beryllium content of 025% when quenched and aged had a Brinell hardness materially higher than as cast or as quenched, and this is likewise true of the several specimens having beryllium contents greater than 025%. From this it appears that aluminum base alloys containing not less than about 025% beryllium are capable of having their hardness and strength substantially increased by heat-treating them according to this invention. I
Several tests were madeto determine the effect of heating the alloys at temperatures above and below that used in heating the specimens given in the above table. A specimen of an alloy containing .07 5% beryllium -"after being heated for 18 hours at 037 (3., .65
quenchedin water airdiged three days at room temperature was found to have a Brinell hardness of 24 immediately after quenching, and of 45 after aging. Other specimens of the same alloy after being ,heated for 18 hours at 600 C. and quenched in water were found to have an average Brinell hardness value of 25 as quenched, and of 40.2 after ag-' ing at room temperature, showing a decrease in Brinell hardness as compared to the sample which was heated at 637 C. but nevertheless shov'ing a substantial increase in hardness as comparedto that as quenched.
Still further samples of the same aluminum-beryllium alloy after being heated for 18 hours at 600 C. and quenched in water were found to have a Brinell hardness of 25.4. One sample was artificially aged for three hours at 150 C. and found to then have a Brinell hardness of 34.4. Another sample showed a Brinell hardness of only 27.1 after aging 50 hours at room temperature, showing that the age hardening is more rapid at elevated than at room temperatures. V
Similar tests have been made of various other alloys containing different percentages of beryllium with results of the same general order as typified by the examples just explained. As showing that the invention. is applicable to aluminum-beryllium alloys containing much larger percentages of beryllium, an alloy containing. 23% beryllium after being heated for 18 hours at 638 C. and quenched in water was found tohave a Brinell hardness of 30, and after being aged for two days at room temperature the Brinell hardness was found to be 38.
The invention is applicable not only to chill castings made of aluminum-beryllium alloys, but also to sand castings, as shown by the folf lowing example. Samples of sand cast aluminum-beryllium alloys containing .5% beryllium showed in the cast condition an average tensile strength of about 12,000 pounds per square inch and a Brinell hardness of 21. After aging 11 days at room temperature the samples showed no appreciable change in strength or hardness. Other samples of the same alloy after being heated for 30 hours at 632 C. and quenched in water had a tensile strength of 13,000 pounds per square inch and a Brinell hardness of 23. These heat'- treated samples were then permitted to age naturally at room temperature for 11 days, when it was found that their average tensile strength was 17,000 pounds per square inch and their Brinell hardness 36.
The samples thus far given have been of cast aluminum-beryllium alloys, but the invention contemplates wrought, rolled or otherwise worked alloys. As illustrative of this, an alloy containing 0.075% beryllium was forged hot to a bar about five-eighths of an inch square, and after annealin was found to have a Brinell hardness o 16.4. The sample was then heated for 20 hours at 0 beryllium, ranging from 0.0125 to 23.0
per cent, using aluminum of about 99.9% purity. We found that sheet 0.064 inches thick can be rolled readily from small ingots of these alloys. Two samples illustrative of the beneficial effect of our heat treatv ment upon sheet material 0.064 inches thick are given in the following table.
Annealed state lleat tmated state 7 a; Beryllium per cent Yield Tensile Elonga- Yield Tensile Elongapoint strength tion point strength tion In this table the sheet in its annealed state had been annealed at 300 0., and in its heattreated state it had been heated for one and one-half hours at 625 (1., quenched in cold water, and aged several weeks at room tems perature. The yield points and tensile strengths are given in pounds per square inch, and the elongations in per cents in two inches.
Heat-treatment of aluminum-beryllium alloy sheet also serves to increase the corrosion resistance as determined by the usual salt spray method. In applying this test the changes in elongation are usually considered to constitute a more sensitive criterion of the corrosion effect than the changes in tensile strength. Samples of sheet rolled from the aluminum-beryl]imn alloy were exposed to salt spray for 1300 hours, with the followspecimens are much less affected by the salt spray than sheets which are in the as rolled or annealed condition.
As previously indicated, a further feature of our'invention has to do with the provision of ternary or 'more complex aluminum alloys containing beryllium. We have found very useful and beneficial effects are produced by the addition of beryllium to aluminum base alloys containing silicon, copper, magnesium, magnesium and silicon, magnesium and copper, and magnesium, copper and silicon. Depending upon the particular alloy in question, the effect of the addition of beryllium to these alloys may, for example, be to confer age hardening charactertistics where they did not exist before, to increase the age hardening characteristics already inherent in the alloy, and to increase the total hardness of the alloy. v I As shown by the following example, beryllium confers age-hardening properties upon chill cast aluminum-copper alloys. Such an alloy containing 4% copper and no beryllium after being chill cast showed no appreciable increase in hardness after standing several days at room temperature. However, when 05% of beryllium was added to an aluminum base alloy containing 4% copper and the alloy chill cast, the Brinell hardness increased from 46 immediately after casting to 69 after the sample was aged naturally for five days at room temperature Similarly, the Brinell hardness of an aluminum alloy containing 3% copper and 0.05% beryllium increased from 48 as cast to 64 after aging eight days at room temperature. After heating samples of the last mentioned aluminum-coppercontent of other aluminum base alloys containing these constituents.
Heat-treated pure aluminum-copper alloys show distinct hardening at room temperature. For example, an aluminum-copper alloy containing 4% copper was heat-treated at 550 C. and quenched. The hardness of the as quenched specimen was 63. After aging twenty-five days at room temperature, the hardness had increased to 79. The addition of beryllium to such an alloy causes an increase in this effect. The addition of 0.05% beryllium to the foregoing alloy caused the hardness to increase from 65 immediately after quenching from 550 C. to 99 after aging twenty-five days at room temperature.
It is shown in the following example that 'the addition of beryllium to aluminium-coplltl taining 6% copper and the resulting alloy treating periods much shorter than some of those used in the preceding examples produce equally beneficial results. As illustrative of this, samples of a forged aluminumcopper-beryllium alloy containing 6% cop'- per and .81 beryllium-were heat-treated for two and one-half hours at 554 C. and quenched in water. As determined by using a 1000 kilogram load, the Brinell hardness of this alloy as quenched was 69, and after aging naturally at room temperature for twentyfour hours it had risen to 98. At the end of forty-eight hours the Brinell hardness was 99, and at the end of twelve days it was 101. The average tensile strength of for ed samples of this alloy after aging twelve ays was found to be about 52,000 pounds per square inch, and the elongation to be 25% in two inches.
As to the effects of beryllium on aluminum base alloys containing additional allo ing constituents other than copper, we lave found by a number of tests that the addition of silicon to aluminum beryllium alloys results in an increase of their final hardness after quenching. An aluminum base alloy containing .1% beryllium, .5% magnesium and 1% silicon was found to have a Brinell hardness of 42 as cast and of 54 after aging for one week at room temperatures, the latter being materially higher than that of a similar alloy not containing beryllium. After being heated for eighteen hours at 550 0., quenched in water and aged for one week at room temperature the Brinell hardness of the aluminum-beryllium-magnesium-silicon alloyjust described was found to be 74. An alloy of the same compositionplus 4% copper showed as cast a Brinell hardness of 70, and after aging at room-temperature for one week it showed a Brinell hardness of 84. Samples of this alloy, after being heated for fifty hours at 500 C. and quenched in water, sh0wed as quenched a Brinell hard-.
I ness of 57, and after aging at room tempera-.
ture for one week a Brinell hardness of 97.
From the foregoing it clearly appears that certain aluminum base alloys containing beryllium, whether they are binary, ternary or more complex alloys, have their physical properties substantially increased by heating them for a substantial period at a-temperature slightly below the melting point of the scribed.
aluminum-beryllium eutectic, or in the case of the ternary and more complex alloys to a temperature slightly below the melting point of the most fusible constituent of the alloys,
and then quenching them. In general, regardless of the temperature at which an aluminum-beryllium alloy may be treated, it is necessary to heat the alloy only long enough to cause substantial solutionof the undissolved beryllium constituent. It is also evident from the foregoing examples of aluminum base ternary and more complex 4 alloys containing beryllium that theypossess are heat-treated acco i'ding to the method here provided. When it is desired to age the heat:
substantial advanta es whether or not they treated alloys at elevated temperatures, it is possible to quench them from the heat ,treatii'ig temperature in boiling water or other suitable medium at the desired temperature and to maintain them at this temperature for an appropriate length of time.
' Throughout this specification, and in the appended claims, the expression aluminum base alloy is used to describe an alloy in which aluminum is the predominant constituent regardless of whether the alloy is binary, ternary, or of a more complex order. No claim-is made in this application to the improved alloys which we have disclosed, such alloys being claimed in a divisional application. I
According to the provisions of the patent statutes, we have explained the principle and mode of operation of our invention and have described numerous specific examples of the manner in which it may be practiced. However, we desire to have it understood that, within the scope of the appended claims, the invention may be practiced otherwise than as explained with reference to' the examples given, and in alloys having compositions differing from those particularly de- We claim asbur invention: 1. The metliod of treating an aluminum base alloy containing beryllium, which com-' prises 'heating the alloy to a temperature slightly below themelt-ing point of the aluminum-beryllium eutectic to cause substantial solution of the-undissolved beryllium constituent of the alloy, and thereafter quenching the alloyfrom substantially said temperature.
2. The method of treating an aluminum base alloy containing not-less than about 025% beryllium, which comprises heating the alloy to a temperature slightly below;'
the melting point. of the most fusible constituent of the alloyto cause substantial solution of the undissolved beryllium constituent of the alloy, and thereafter quenching the alloy from substantially said temperature.
3. The method of treating an aluminum basealloy containing from about .025 to 1.00% beryllium, which comprises heating the alloy to a temperature slightly below the base alloy containing from about .025 to' 25.0% beryllium, which comprises heating the alloy to a temperature slightly below the melting point of the most fusible constituent of the alloy to cause substantial solution of the undissolved beryllium constituent of the alloy, and thereafter quenching the alloy from substantially said temperature.
5. The method of treating an aluminum base alloy containing beryllium, which comprises heating the alloy to a temperature slightly below the melting point of the alui'nihum-beryllium eutectic to cause substantial solution of the undissolved beryllium constituent of the alloy, thereafter quenching the alloy from substantially said temperature. and subsequently aging the alloy at a tem perature not higher than about 200 C.
(5. The method of treating an aluminum base alloy containing not less than about .025% beryllium, which comprises heating the. alloy to a temperature slightly below the melting point of the most fusible constituent of the alloy to cause substantial solution of the undissolved beryllium constituent of the alloy, thereafter quenching the alloy from substantially said temperature, and subsequently aging the alloy at a temperature not higher than about 200 C. p
7. The method of treating an aluminum base alloy containing from about .025 to 1.00% beryllium, which comprises heating the alloy to a temperature slightly below the melting point of the most fusible constituent of the alloy to cause substantial solution of the undissolved beryllium constituent of the alloy, thereafter quenching the alloy from substantially said temperature, and subsequently aging the alloy at a temperature not higher than about 200 C.
8. The method of treating an aluminum base alloy containing from about .025 to! 25.0% beryllium, which comprises heating the alloy to a temperature slightly below the melting point of the most fusible constituent of the alloy to cause substantial solution of the undissolved beryllium constituent of the alloy, thereafter quenching the alloy from substantially said temperature, and subsequently-aging the alloy at a temperature not higher than about 200 C.
9. The method of treating an aluminum base alloy containing not less than about .025% beryllium and also containing copper, which comprises heating the alloy to a temperature slightly below the melting point of themost fusible constituent of the alloy to cause substantial solution of the undissolved beryllium constituent of the alloy, and thereafter quenching the alloy from substantially said temperature.
10. The method of treating an aluminum base alloy containing not less than about 025% beryllium and also containing silicon and copper, which comprises heating the alloy to a temperature slightly below the melting point of the most fusible constituent of the alloy to cause substantial solution of the undissolved beryllium constituent of the alloy, and thereafter quenching the alloy from substantially said temperature.
11. The method of increasing the hardness and tensile strength of an aluminum base alloy containing not less than 025% beryllium, which comprises heating the alloy to a temperature below the melting point of its most fusible constituent, and thereafter quenching the alloy from substantially said temperature.
In testimony whereof, We hereunto sign our names.
ROBERT S. ARCHER. .\VILLIA1\I'L. FINK.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US150141A US1716943A (en) | 1926-11-22 | 1926-11-22 | Aluminum-beryllium alloy and method of treatment |
| US327176A US1774542A (en) | 1926-11-22 | 1928-12-19 | Aluminum beryllium alloy |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US150141A US1716943A (en) | 1926-11-22 | 1926-11-22 | Aluminum-beryllium alloy and method of treatment |
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| US1716943A true US1716943A (en) | 1929-06-11 |
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| US150141A Expired - Lifetime US1716943A (en) | 1926-11-22 | 1926-11-22 | Aluminum-beryllium alloy and method of treatment |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2565768A (en) * | 1948-04-02 | 1951-08-28 | United States Steel Corp | Aluminum coating of ferrous metal and resulting product |
| US2826519A (en) * | 1953-07-09 | 1958-03-11 | Aluminum Co Of America | Aluminum base alloy article |
| US2826518A (en) * | 1953-07-09 | 1958-03-11 | Aluminum Co Of America | Aluminum base alloy article |
| US3044156A (en) * | 1954-06-23 | 1962-07-17 | Marshall G Whitfield | Temperature resistant body |
| US3196528A (en) * | 1961-12-18 | 1965-07-27 | Olin Mathieson | Metal sheet article and process for making |
-
1926
- 1926-11-22 US US150141A patent/US1716943A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2565768A (en) * | 1948-04-02 | 1951-08-28 | United States Steel Corp | Aluminum coating of ferrous metal and resulting product |
| US2826519A (en) * | 1953-07-09 | 1958-03-11 | Aluminum Co Of America | Aluminum base alloy article |
| US2826518A (en) * | 1953-07-09 | 1958-03-11 | Aluminum Co Of America | Aluminum base alloy article |
| US3044156A (en) * | 1954-06-23 | 1962-07-17 | Marshall G Whitfield | Temperature resistant body |
| US3196528A (en) * | 1961-12-18 | 1965-07-27 | Olin Mathieson | Metal sheet article and process for making |
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