US1716433A - Submerged combustion process - Google Patents

Submerged combustion process Download PDF

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US1716433A
US1716433A US16236A US1623625A US1716433A US 1716433 A US1716433 A US 1716433A US 16236 A US16236 A US 16236A US 1623625 A US1623625 A US 1623625A US 1716433 A US1716433 A US 1716433A
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oil
still
fuel
air
combustion
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US16236A
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Ellis Carleton
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Ellis Foster Co
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Ellis Foster Co
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G9/00—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
    • C10G9/34—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils by direct contact with inert preheated fluids, e.g. with molten metals or salts
    • C10G9/36—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils by direct contact with inert preheated fluids, e.g. with molten metals or salts with heated gases or vapours
    • C10G9/38—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils by direct contact with inert preheated fluids, e.g. with molten metals or salts with heated gases or vapours produced by partial combustion of the material to be cracked or by combustion of another hydrocarbon
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D1/00—Evaporating
    • B01D1/14—Evaporating with heated gases or vapours or liquids in contact with the liquid

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a process of heating or distilling or cencentrating liquids and to apparatus therefor and relates especially to a method of heating by internall combustion following the theme ofmy copending application, Serial No. 523,209, filed December l, 1921.
  • the invention may be applied to boiling water and steam raising for powerjor heating purposes, concentration of for example saline solutions and to the distillation of crude petroleum oil to separate gasoline, kerosene and the like or for cracking petroleum oils, tars, pitches, asphalt and similar raw material to make motor fuel and other products.
  • the invention may be used for stripping an oil to remove gasoline and vkerosene and subsequently cracking the residues.
  • the present invention will be illustrated by the application to the cra-cking of petrobut as is evident from the foregoing i at least duringits ignition and the incipient stages of its formation by contact with walls of fire clay, masses of refractory material and the like.
  • the burner preferably depends from the top of the still into the o il so that the combustible mixture or the flame or hot gases therefrom are forced for a short distance downwardly inthe oil-subsequently rising and being carried away along with the products of cracking and distillation.
  • the fuelv employed in the burner preferably is an oil which has no especial value for purposes other than as a fuel.
  • I may emplov still residues, petroleum tars, i coal tars, oils which remain after cracking by usual pressure still or other processes and whlch are thus of little value as a further source of gasoline and kerosene.
  • Colloidal fuel and still residues containing suspended .through which the oil flows before enterlng the still and which is heated by the outgoing products of distillation passing to the con# densers.
  • the supporter of combustion I may use ordinary air or air which has been dried or humiditied or air enriched by adding oxygen for example up to a content of 35 per cent or thereabouts.
  • the air used preferably is preheated by a suitable fore-warmer, which may be separately fired.
  • a heat exchanger likewise may be used advantageously.
  • the compression pump heats the air to a degree depending vupon the pressure employed and such heated air may beconveyed to the still without cooling and with further heating if desired. ⁇ There may be some cases of voperation when' the injection of steam cluded.
  • the removal of some of the 'most volatile products condensation may be carried out in part at least under pressures higher than that of the still.
  • Submerged combustion tends to be intensified and rendered more positive and certain with increase of pressure ⁇ and there do not appear to exist the same limitations of pressure that obtain with externally fired (ordinary direct fire) stills. lVith the latter softening of still bottoms occurs, which is aggravated by the formation of coke on the inside of the shell. With submerged combustion the4 still shell is relatively cool and may be easily kept below the softening point of steel. Likewise the shell may be heat insulated either on the inside or the outside by suitable lining or jacketing. This however does not preclude the employment of direct external firing along with submerged combustion when such a combination of heating elements is desired.
  • Submerged combustion tends to eliminate coke troubles as the carbon may be obtained in a colloidal or suspended form which is drawn off with the residual oil and subsequently may be used as a fuel for the still.
  • Such stills may be operated iny batteries if desired in conjunction with a condenser common to all the members of the ⁇ group or in other ways the stills may be connected and operated to conform vwith pressure still practice.
  • the stills may be operated by the batch or discontinuous method on lthe one hand or in a continuous manner by causing oil to flow into the still continuously while withdrawing from a point elsewhere in the still and preferably remote from the location of ythe oil feed the oil residues, such withdrawal taking place at an appropriate rate to maintain the level of the oil in the still preferably well above the burner orifice.
  • the still may have means for circulating oil through it for example the oil may be withdrawn from one end of the still through a coil and pumped back into the still a-tthe otherend.
  • the gases or vapors may be-washed with water or scrubbed with oil or absorbed by activated charcoal or silica. gel or several of these means'may be employed with the object of removing toas great an extent as possible from the gases any products of value as a fuel or for other purposes.
  • 5 is an outlet pipe for the products of distillation or cracking, which is equipped with a safety valve and with a pressure regulating valve 7.
  • 8 is a heat exchanger through which by means of suitable flues (not shown) vthe hotproducts of distillation pass onward to the condenser.
  • Raw oil which'is being fed to the still through the pipe 9 first passes through the heat exchanger andbecomes preheated.
  • 11 and 11a designate a burner depending from the roof of the still. This burner is supplied with air through the pipe 12 and with oil or other fuel by the pipe 13, the latter being concentrically within the air pipe.
  • the 14 is an electrical igniting apparatus, one terminal of which is located in the burner and the other is connected to the still at 'any suitable point. This provides a means ⁇ of creating a spark in the burner to bring about ignition.
  • the lower end of the burner projecting into the oil is preferably tapered or bevelled from inside to the exterior and a faux cone of refractory material 15 isl placed axially beneath the burner pipe in order to facilitate-combustion.
  • the burner pipe at least in its lower part is lined with refractory material.
  • 16 is an air-preheater
  • ' 17 is the air-supply pipe from the air compressor (not shown) and 18 is a valve to control the flow of air.
  • 19 is an oil preheater to which oil from a suitable force pump is' supplied through the pipe 20,; regulation being obtained b the valve 21.
  • the oil owing through t e preheater passes down the pipe 13 into the burner. During the starting up operation later described it is sometimes desirable to use still gas in place of oil and this fuel can be supplied through the same pipe.
  • 22 a conduit connecting the heat exchanger with the condenser 23.
  • 24 is a valve-draW-of to remove the products of condensation.
  • the uncondensed material passes through the pipe 25 to the scrubber 26 and thence by the pipe 27 to the absorber 28.
  • the burner becomes heated to the fueloil fire-point temperature atoniize fuel oil -into the burner in'lieu of still gas proporstill by adjusting the valve on the outlet orcondenser side ofthe still. Create in this manner a pressure of approximately 15 atmospheres and maintain the temperature by adjusting the amount of fuel and air miX- ture so that the oil in the still isapproximately 800? F.
  • a process of treating hydrocarbon oils which comprises maintaining a pool of oil, initiating combustion within a submerged portion only of such oil, and maintaining such combustion within a submerged portion only, of the pool.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)

Description

June l1, 1929. c. ELLls `SUBMERGED COMBUSTION PROCESS Filed March 1v', 1925 QN om \w wenn-mod JJL VILL
grime-NTO marsa: da
' loum oil the 1nvent1on 1s not limited to such means of Patented June ll, i929..
l UNITE@ inem GARLETONELLIS, OF MONTGIJAIR, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOR TO ELLIS-FOSTER CM- PANTY, A CORPORATION 0F NEW JERSEY.
SUBMERG-ED COMBUSTION PROCESS.
Application mea March 17, 1925. serial Na'iaas's.
' This invention relates to a process of heating or distilling or cencentrating liquids and to apparatus therefor and relates especially to a method of heating by internall combustion following the theme ofmy copending application, Serial No. 523,209, filed December l, 1921.
The invention may be applied to boiling water and steam raising for powerjor heating purposes, concentration of for example saline solutions and to the distillation of crude petroleum oil to separate gasoline, kerosene and the like or for cracking petroleum oils, tars, pitches, asphalt and similar raw material to make motor fuel and other products. In some cases the invention may be used for stripping an oil to remove gasoline and vkerosene and subsequently cracking the residues.
The present invention will be illustrated by the application to the cra-cking of petrobut as is evident from the foregoing i at least duringits ignition and the incipient stages of its formation by contact with walls of lire clay, masses of refractory material and the like. The burner preferably depends from the top of the still into the o il so that the combustible mixture or the flame or hot gases therefrom are forced for a short distance downwardly inthe oil-subsequently rising and being carried away along with the products of cracking and distillation.
The fuelv employed in the burner preferably is an oil which has no especial value for purposes other than as a fuel. Thus I may emplov still residues, petroleum tars, i coal tars, oils which remain after cracking by usual pressure still or other processes and whlch are thus of little value as a further source of gasoline and kerosene. Colloidal fuel and still residues containing suspended .through which the oil flows before enterlng the still and which is heated by the outgoing products of distillation passing to the con# densers. v
As the supporter of combustion I may use ordinary air or air which has been dried or humiditied or air enriched by adding oxygen for example up to a content of 35 per cent or thereabouts. The air used preferably is preheated by a suitable fore-warmer, which may be separately fired. A heat exchanger likewise may be used advantageously. When employed under pressure it may be noted that the compression pump heats the air to a degree depending vupon the pressure employed and such heated air may beconveyed to the still without cooling and with further heating if desired.` There may be some cases of voperation when' the injection of steam cluded.
When cracking pitches, asphalts and some still residuesof low volatility and high fire point the operation may be carried out in some cases at atmospheric ressure or even at afpressure' below atmosp eric but I prefer to conduct many operations at superatmospheric, pressure. Thus treating oils which cannot be cracked without excessive volatilization of undesirable heavy bodies I may use still pressures of 4 to 5 atmospheres,
*lor-sometimes 6 to 10 atmospheres. andv for more volatilev raw material pressures of 10 to 2 0' atmospheres or even higher may be utilized. The condensation may take place under such pressures or at reduced pressures down to.atmospheric or even lower. For
the removal of some of the 'most volatile products condensation may be carried out in part at least under pressures higher than that of the still.
Submerged combustion tends to be intensified and rendered more positive and certain with increase of pressure `and there do not appear to exist the same limitations of pressure that obtain with externally fired (ordinary direct lire) stills. lVith the latter softening of still bottoms occurs, which is aggravated by the formation of coke on the inside of the shell. With submerged combustion the4 still shell is relatively cool and may be easily kept below the softening point of steel. Likewise the shell may be heat insulated either on the inside or the outside by suitable lining or jacketing. This however does not preclude the employment of direct external firing along with submerged combustion when such a combination of heating elements is desired.
Submerged combustion tends to eliminate coke troubles as the carbon may be obtained in a colloidal or suspended form which is drawn off with the residual oil and subsequently may be used as a fuel for the still.
Such stills may be operated iny batteries if desired in conjunction with a condenser common to all the members of the `group or in other ways the stills may be connected and operated to conform vwith pressure still practice. The stills may be operated by the batch or discontinuous method on lthe one hand or in a continuous manner by causing oil to flow into the still continuously while withdrawing from a point elsewhere in the still and preferably remote from the location of ythe oil feed the oil residues, such withdrawal taking place at an appropriate rate to maintain the level of the oil in the still preferably well above the burner orifice.
The still may have means for circulating oil through it for example the oil may be withdrawn from one end of the still through a coil and pumped back into the still a-tthe otherend. n
In' addition to condensation in the usual way the gases or vapors may be-washed with water or scrubbed with oil or absorbed by activated charcoal or silica. gel or several of these means'may be employed with the object of removing toas great an extent as possible from the gases any products of value as a fuel or for other purposes.
It is not the purpose of the present invention to induce combustion of the oil in the still but rather to heat and crack such oil by means of fuel (gaseous, liquid or solid, or mixtures of two or more of these) sepa.- rately introduced into the still from extraneous sources, along with sufficient air or oxygen for fairly complete combustion of such extraneous fuel. As near the. exact amount of air that will sulce for such complete combustion preferably is used. In this way the charge of oilin the still, wh ich presumably is better adapted for erackmg purposes than the low grade oil fuel employed pended drawing which shows a still in vertical section with auxiliary equipment in elevation.
In the drawing lis a vcloseable receptacle or still having the heat insulating jacket 2, manhole 3 and draw-0E 4. 5 is an outlet pipe for the products of distillation or cracking, which is equipped with a safety valve and with a pressure regulating valve 7. 8 is a heat exchanger through which by means of suitable flues (not shown) vthe hotproducts of distillation pass onward to the condenser. Raw oil which'is being fed to the still through the pipe 9 first passes through the heat exchanger andbecomes preheated. 11 and 11a designate a burner depending from the roof of the still. This burner is supplied with air through the pipe 12 and with oil or other fuel by the pipe 13, the latter being concentrically within the air pipe. 14 is an electrical igniting apparatus, one terminal of which is located in the burner and the other is connected to the still at 'any suitable point. This provides a means` of creating a spark in the burner to bring about ignition. yThe lower end of the burner projecting into the oil is preferably tapered or bevelled from inside to the exterior and a baie cone of refractory material 15 isl placed axially beneath the burner pipe in order to facilitate-combustion. 'The burner pipe at least in its lower part is lined with refractory material. 16 is an air-preheater,
' 17 is the air-supply pipe from the air compressor (not shown) and 18 is a valve to control the flow of air. 19 is an oil preheater to which oil from a suitable force pump is' supplied through the pipe 20,; regulation being obtained b the valve 21. The oil owing through t e preheater passes down the pipe 13 into the burner. During the starting up operation later described it is sometimes desirable to use still gas in place of oil and this fuel can be supplied through the same pipe. 22 a conduit connecting the heat exchanger with the condenser 23. 24 is a valve-draW-of to remove the products of condensation. The uncondensed material passes through the pipe 25 to the scrubber 26 and thence by the pipe 27 to the absorber 28.
EampZe.-Assuming the operation is carried out at a petroleum renery, force a mixture of pressure still gas with air sufficient for combustion,l at a high velocity through the burner 11, igniting the mixture by an electric spark. Allow the products of combustion to escape through the manhole 3. When the burner becomes heated to the fueloil fire-point temperature atoniize fuel oil -into the burner in'lieu of still gas proporstill by adjusting the valve on the outlet orcondenser side ofthe still. Create in this manner a pressure of approximately 15 atmospheres and maintain the temperature by adjusting the amount of fuel and air miX- ture so that the oil in the still isapproximately 800? F. By means of the condenser a large proportion of the oily products carried overfrom the still will be condensed. Absorption of further quantities will take place in the scrubber Q6 or in the silica gel or charcoal absorption chamber 28. From the latter the absorbed'material may be recovered in ths usual way.v The products from the condenser likewise may be refined by customary procedures. The scrubber liquid is distilled to collect volatile bodies.
What I claim is l. The process of heating and distilling a liquid which comprises inject-ing an ignited preheated fuel admixed with air to support combustion downwardly beneath the surface of said liquid.
2. The process of heating and distilling a liquid which comprises injecting an ignited fuel admixed with preheated air to support combustion beneath the surface of saidliquid. j j y 3. The process ofheating and distilling a liquid which comprises injecting an ignited preheated fuel admixed with vair to supportl combustion beneath the surface of said liquid the latter being under superatmospheric pressure. A v
4. The process'of cracking heavy oil which comprises forcing an ignited fuel mixture comprising liquid fuel and air beneath the surface of a body of oil under pressure; whereby the latter is heated to a cracking temperature.v
5. The process of cracking heavy oil which comprises forcing an ignited fuel mixture comprising liquid fuel and air, both preheated, beneath `the surface of a body of oil Vunder pressure; whereby the latter is heated to a cracking temperature.
6. The process of heating and distilling a liquid which comprises injecting an ignited fuel admixed with air to support combustion downwardly `beneath the surface of said liquid, withdrawing products of distillation, and preheating the liquid undergoing treatment with such products of distillation.
7. The process of treatingv heavy oil which comprises injecting an ignited fuel mixture admixed with air beneath the surface of a. body of heavy oil, withdrawing products of distillation, and preheating the heavy oil undergoing treatment with such products of distillation.
8. The process of treating heavy oil which comprises injecting an ignited fuel admixed with air beneath the surface of a body of heavy oil, the latter being under a pressure offrom 4 to 20 atmospheres. 4
9. The process of treating heavy oil which comprises injecting an ignited fuel admixed with air beneath the surface of a body of oil whereby products of distillation and' residual-products are formed, withdrawing the residual products and utilizing them as fuel for treating more oil.
10. `The process of treating heavy oil and related substances which comprises forcing an ignited fuel admixed with air beneath the surface of Aa body of heavy oil, continuously supplying oil to be treated to the body of heavy oil, and continuously removing treated oil from said body of oil, in order to maintain the body of oil at substantially constant level.
11. The process of heating and distilling a pool of heavy oil which comprises injecting an ignited mixture of fuel and air into a pool of heavy oil whereby the fuel is burned within the pool of oil.
12. The process of treating a pool of hydrocarbon oil which comprises distilling said oil by heat generated from the combustion of a hydrocarbon fuel within the pool of oil.
13. The process of treating a pool of hydrocarbon oil which comprises cracking sald oil 'under pressure by heat generated from the combustion of a hydrocarbon fuel within the pool of oil.
14. The process of treating a pool of hydrocarbon oil which comprises treating said oil by heat generated from the combustion of a fuel by air within the pool of oil, the amount of air being suiicient for substantially complete` combustion of the fuel. I
l5. In the treatment of hydrocarbon oil to distill the sameby injecting a fuel-air mixture into a pool' of such'oil, the step of which comprises maintaining a pool of oil,
introducing an oxygen containing gas and readily volatile h droarbon Within a' submerged portion o said pool of oil, igniting said Volatile hydrocarbon Within said portion of the oil, discontinuing the supply of 5 readily volatile hydrocarbon and supplying another fuel to maintain combustion.
418. A process of treating hydrocarbon oils which comprises maintaining a pool of oil, initiating combustion within a submerged portion only of such oil, and maintaining such combustion within a submerged portion only, of the pool. l
` CARLETON ELLIS.
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Cited By (40)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2536608A (en) * 1945-08-04 1951-01-02 C M Kemp Mfg Company Immersion liquid heating apparatus and method
US2594433A (en) * 1946-06-20 1952-04-29 Selas Corp Of America Sewage treatment
US2607661A (en) * 1946-04-09 1952-08-19 Submerged Comb Company Of Amer Apparatus for concentrating acids
US2686105A (en) * 1950-12-26 1954-08-10 Standard Oil Co Processing waste caustic cresylate solutions
US2870087A (en) * 1951-09-24 1959-01-20 Phillips Petroleum Co Cracking process
US2890166A (en) * 1952-10-14 1959-06-09 Submerged Comb Company Of Amer Process and apparatus for utilizing submerged combustion
US2954416A (en) * 1956-08-14 1960-09-27 Huels Chemische Werke Ag Process for the thermal decomposition of combustible organic liquids
US2985695A (en) * 1957-01-11 1961-05-23 Basf Ag Cracking of hydrocarbons
US3117848A (en) * 1956-03-30 1964-01-14 D App A Gazeifier Le Mazout So Method and apparatus for generating gas under constant conditions of temperature and delivery from fuel oils
US8707740B2 (en) 2011-10-07 2014-04-29 Johns Manville Submerged combustion glass manufacturing systems and methods
US8875544B2 (en) 2011-10-07 2014-11-04 Johns Manville Burner apparatus, submerged combustion melters including the burner, and methods of use
US8973405B2 (en) 2010-06-17 2015-03-10 Johns Manville Apparatus, systems and methods for reducing foaming downstream of a submerged combustion melter producing molten glass
US8973400B2 (en) 2010-06-17 2015-03-10 Johns Manville Methods of using a submerged combustion melter to produce glass products
US8991215B2 (en) 2010-06-17 2015-03-31 Johns Manville Methods and systems for controlling bubble size and bubble decay rate in foamed glass produced by a submerged combustion melter
US8997525B2 (en) 2010-06-17 2015-04-07 Johns Manville Systems and methods for making foamed glass using submerged combustion
US9021838B2 (en) 2010-06-17 2015-05-05 Johns Manville Systems and methods for glass manufacturing
US9096452B2 (en) 2010-06-17 2015-08-04 Johns Manville Methods and systems for destabilizing foam in equipment downstream of a submerged combustion melter
US9492831B2 (en) 2010-06-17 2016-11-15 Johns Manville Methods and systems for destabilizing foam in equipment downstream of a submerged combustion melter
US9533905B2 (en) 2012-10-03 2017-01-03 Johns Manville Submerged combustion melters having an extended treatment zone and methods of producing molten glass
US9676644B2 (en) 2012-11-29 2017-06-13 Johns Manville Methods and systems for making well-fined glass using submerged combustion
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US9751792B2 (en) 2015-08-12 2017-09-05 Johns Manville Post-manufacturing processes for submerged combustion burner
US9776903B2 (en) 2010-06-17 2017-10-03 Johns Manville Apparatus, systems and methods for processing molten glass
US9815726B2 (en) 2015-09-03 2017-11-14 Johns Manville Apparatus, systems, and methods for pre-heating feedstock to a melter using melter exhaust
US9926219B2 (en) 2012-07-03 2018-03-27 Johns Manville Process of using a submerged combustion melter to produce hollow glass fiber or solid glass fiber having entrained bubbles, and burners and systems to make such fibers
US9982884B2 (en) 2015-09-15 2018-05-29 Johns Manville Methods of melting feedstock using a submerged combustion melter
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US10041666B2 (en) 2015-08-27 2018-08-07 Johns Manville Burner panels including dry-tip burners, submerged combustion melters, and methods
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US10196294B2 (en) 2016-09-07 2019-02-05 Johns Manville Submerged combustion melters, wall structures or panels of same, and methods of using same
US10233105B2 (en) 2016-10-14 2019-03-19 Johns Manville Submerged combustion melters and methods of feeding particulate material into such melters
US10246362B2 (en) 2016-06-22 2019-04-02 Johns Manville Effective discharge of exhaust from submerged combustion melters and methods
US10301208B2 (en) 2016-08-25 2019-05-28 Johns Manville Continuous flow submerged combustion melter cooling wall panels, submerged combustion melters, and methods of using same
US10322960B2 (en) 2010-06-17 2019-06-18 Johns Manville Controlling foam in apparatus downstream of a melter by adjustment of alkali oxide content in the melter
US20190282918A1 (en) * 2016-05-18 2019-09-19 Beneterra Technologies Pty Ltd Submerged combustion apparatus
US10670261B2 (en) 2015-08-27 2020-06-02 Johns Manville Burner panels, submerged combustion melters, and methods
US10837705B2 (en) 2015-09-16 2020-11-17 Johns Manville Change-out system for submerged combustion melting burner
US20220032205A1 (en) * 2018-12-12 2022-02-03 C.C. Jensen A/S System and method for removal of water from oil
US11613488B2 (en) 2012-10-03 2023-03-28 Johns Manville Methods and systems for destabilizing foam in equipment downstream of a submerged combustion melter

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2536608A (en) * 1945-08-04 1951-01-02 C M Kemp Mfg Company Immersion liquid heating apparatus and method
US2607661A (en) * 1946-04-09 1952-08-19 Submerged Comb Company Of Amer Apparatus for concentrating acids
US2594433A (en) * 1946-06-20 1952-04-29 Selas Corp Of America Sewage treatment
US2686105A (en) * 1950-12-26 1954-08-10 Standard Oil Co Processing waste caustic cresylate solutions
US2870087A (en) * 1951-09-24 1959-01-20 Phillips Petroleum Co Cracking process
US2890166A (en) * 1952-10-14 1959-06-09 Submerged Comb Company Of Amer Process and apparatus for utilizing submerged combustion
US3117848A (en) * 1956-03-30 1964-01-14 D App A Gazeifier Le Mazout So Method and apparatus for generating gas under constant conditions of temperature and delivery from fuel oils
US2954416A (en) * 1956-08-14 1960-09-27 Huels Chemische Werke Ag Process for the thermal decomposition of combustible organic liquids
US2985695A (en) * 1957-01-11 1961-05-23 Basf Ag Cracking of hydrocarbons
US8973400B2 (en) 2010-06-17 2015-03-10 Johns Manville Methods of using a submerged combustion melter to produce glass products
US9481593B2 (en) 2010-06-17 2016-11-01 Johns Manville Methods of using a submerged combustion melter to produce glass products
US8973405B2 (en) 2010-06-17 2015-03-10 Johns Manville Apparatus, systems and methods for reducing foaming downstream of a submerged combustion melter producing molten glass
US9776903B2 (en) 2010-06-17 2017-10-03 Johns Manville Apparatus, systems and methods for processing molten glass
US8991215B2 (en) 2010-06-17 2015-03-31 Johns Manville Methods and systems for controlling bubble size and bubble decay rate in foamed glass produced by a submerged combustion melter
US8997525B2 (en) 2010-06-17 2015-04-07 Johns Manville Systems and methods for making foamed glass using submerged combustion
US9021838B2 (en) 2010-06-17 2015-05-05 Johns Manville Systems and methods for glass manufacturing
US9096452B2 (en) 2010-06-17 2015-08-04 Johns Manville Methods and systems for destabilizing foam in equipment downstream of a submerged combustion melter
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