US1714864A - Roberto clemens galletti - Google Patents

Description

y 1929. I R. c. GALLETTI PROPAGATION OF WIRELESS WAVES Filed July 12, 1926 11w- I :1! lfliiiiiimi Patented May 28, 1929.

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FFICE.

PROPAGATION or WIRELESS WAVES.

Application filed July 12, 1926, Serial No. 122,001, and in Great Britain August 19, 1925.

This invention relates to an improved arrangement for the uni-directional transmission and reception of electromagnetic waves by means of a reflector which is 0011 stituted by a plurality of wires and the focus of which contains a radiating aerial. It has hitherto been proposed to arrange the reflecting wires along a portion of a body of ellipends of the barrel, say right and tical cross-sectiomthe waves radiated being directed along a beam the base of Whichis constituted bythe concave open'side of the elliptical body.

The invention essentially'difi'ers from the prior arrangement in this that the reflecting wires completely surround theradiating aerial by being "arrangednot only along a portion but all around the whole'surface of the body of elliptical cross-section, whereby the formation of a beam of the character above described isentirely prevented, since the waves emanating from the focal aerial do not'find any opening on the elliptical-surface but are reflected round and round inside the barrel and through, the focal lines until they lapse into a stationary wave confined to the axial plane of the barrel; thisaction is all the more powerful if the major axis of the elliptical cross section of the barrel be equal to a multiple of the half wave length .so

that the return of the stationary wave onto the focal aerial may take place in unison with the renewedernanation of this aerial.

A length of :7 In the simplest case 0 whose side 1s such that wave inversion- 2 takes place on each side; then it isobvious that lines of electric force connectthe opposite signs along each side of the square, while the lines of magnetic force are perpendicular to the'sheet of paper, so that we must recognize equal faculty of radiation towards each side of the square, except that the barrel apexes, above and below, reflect back, so that radiation remains free only through the open eft.

generator of wireless waves is situated in one focal line I), of an elliptical barrel formed by staves of straight wires 0 parallel to one another and having the same periodicity as the oscillator, the sum of the vector radii of the ellipse, viz the major axis d thereof, being made equal to half the wave length generated,

that is tosay g or a multiple thereof. Under these. conditions an image is produced in the second focal line 6 By making the ellipse fairly elongated the field produced between the oscillator arranged.in the focal line b,

and the image produced in the focal line Z2 is practically a cross HT'- The magnetic lines do not closs around the oscillator but are reflected at the elliptical surface. Each ray travelling through the foci and reflected Within the ellipse finally lapses on to the major axis where all the rays continue to puls'ate up and down along the major axis until their energy is radiated through the ends of the barrel, thus constituting a phantom aerial.

,In the arrangement hereinbefore described the. electromagnet waves are propagated along a beam in the longitudinal direction of the barrel, the energy being moreconcentrated along the plane containing the focal lines, the highest concentration being along a ray forming a continuation of the focal line 6,.

The elliptical arrangement of staves may be used horizontally, vertically, or at any desired angle and a second radiating oscillator may be placed in the focal line .7), and be so energized that its phase is 180 in relation to the first oscillator.

The natural frequency of the staves of straight wires is made to correspond to half the wave lengths propagated in the air, viz

equal to g or a multiple thereof.

According to a modification all the staves or nurse surrounding the radiating oscillator or oscillators placed in the focal line or lines are arranged along the surface of an imaginary conical body the cross-sections of which are at right angles to the axis of the cone the oscillator or oscillators lying in the focal line or lines of the said conical body as determined by the said elliptical cross-sections.

All the wires may be earthed at one end preferably through a metal sheet.

In the latter arrangement, as well as in the conical arrangement above referred to, the transmission is effected in one direction only, viz in the direction facing the open end, and both these modifications are preferably used WllGILtllG beam of electromagnetic waves is directed vertically upwards.

When the arrangement is earthed the major axis of the ellipse is A or a multiple thereof, while the natural frequency of the indivldual wlres 1s made to correspond to Z or a multiple thereof.

Vitlr a view to obtaining propagation solely in'the direction facing only one of the two endsof the system of wires, a reflector, preferably in the form of a plane reflecting surface, is arranged practically at right angles to the system. of wires at the other end thereof, at the distance of approximately 1 is applied to the reception of electromagnetic waves, the receivlng wire is placed in the focal line of the closed reflector of elliptical cross-section constituted by the plurality of reflecting wires, the whole ofthe reflector being directed with one of its open ends towards the direction from which the waves are received.

WVhat I claim is 1. Means forconcentrating electromagnetic waves along a ray or beam, comprising in combination a radiating oscillator and a plurality of wires completely surrounding the said radiating oscillator along the whole elliptical surface of an imaginary body of elliptical cross section, the said radiating oscillator lying in a focal line of the said elliptical surface.

2. Means for concentrating electromagnetic waves along a ray or beam, comprising in combination a radiating oscillator and a plurality of wires completely surrounding the said radiating oscillator'along the whole elliptical surface of an imaginary body of elliptical cross section, the said radiating oscillat-or lying in a focal line of the said elliptical surface and the said wires being parallel to one another and to the focal line containing the radiating oscillator.

3. Means for concentrating electromagnetic waves along a ray or beam comprising in combination two radiating oscillators and a plurality of wires completely surrounding the said radiating oscillators along the whole elliptical surface of'an imaginary body of elliptical cross section, the said radiating oscillators lying in the two focal lines of the said elliptical surface respectively.

l. Means for concentrating electromagnetic waves having a wave length a along a ray or beam comprising in combination a radiating oscillator and a plurality of Wires completely surrounding the said radiating oscillator along the whole elliptical surface of an imaginary body of elliptical cross section, the said radiating oscillator lying in a focal line of the said elliptical surface and the major axis of the ellipse being made equal.

thereof.

5. Means for concentrating electromagnetic A --waves having a wave length A along a rayor beam, comprising in combination a radiating oscillator and a plurality of wires completely surrounding the said radiating oscillator along the whole elliptical surface of an imaginary body of elliptical cross section, thesaid radiating oscillator lying in a focal line of the said elliptical surface and the natural frequency of, the individual wires arranged along the'surface of the imaginary body of elliptical cross section being made to correspond to half thewave length 3 or a multiple tion with a metal sheet through which the earthing is effected.

8. Means for concentrating electromagnetic waves having a wave length a along a ray or beam comprising in combination a radiating oscillator and a plurality of wires completely surrounding the said radiating oscillator along the whole elliptical surface of, an imaginary body of elliptical cross section, the said radiating oscillator lying in a focal line of the said elliptical surface, all the Wires arranged along the surface of the imaginary being earthed and the major axis of the ellipse being made equal to half the Wave length ora multiple thereof.

9. Means as claimed in clai1n6 and in Which the natural frequency of the individual k Wires 1s madeto correspond to 1 or a multlple waves along a ray or beam comprising in combination a receiving oscillatory circuit and a plurality of Wires completely surrounding the said receiving oscillatory circuit along the Whole elliptical surface of an imaginary body of elliptical cross section, the said receiving oscillatory circuit lying in a focal line of the said elliptical surface.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification.

ROBERTO CLEMENS GALLETTI.

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