US1704094A

US1704094A - Gas and coke, plant apparatus

Info

Publication number: US1704094A
Application number: US101073A
Authority: US
Inventors: Marshall Frederick Deacon
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1926-04-10
Filing date: 1926-04-10
Publication date: 1929-03-05
Anticipated expiration: 1946-03-05

Description

March 5, 1929. F. D. MARSHALL GAS AND COKE, PLANT APPARATUS 1926 5 Sheets-Sheet Filed April lO [IIILIIIIIIIIIIIIII i u a ATTORN EY Marh 5, 1929. F. D. MARSHALL GAS AND COKE, PLANT APPARATUS Filed April 10, 1926 5 Sheets-Sheet ENTOR @fact Maw/%/ma ATTORNEY March 5', 1929. F. D MARSHALL y GAS AND COKE, PLANT APPARATUS Filed April 10, 1926 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 1. fl imma March 5, 1929, F, D, MARSHALL 1,704,094

GAS AND COKE, PLANT APPARATUS Filed April. 10, 1926 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 @Je waff-f f March 5, 1929. F. D. MARSHALL GAS AND COKE, PLANT APPARATUS Filed April l0, 1926 5 Sheets-Sheet INVENTOR Hw: derz'c facan Maia/2q Z Mpg/ff' ATTORNEY f Patented Mai'. 5, 1929.

PATENT OFFICE.

FREDERICK DEACON MARSHALL, OF WEYBBIDGE, ENGLAND.

GAS AND COKE, PLANTAPPARAT'US.

Application illed April 10, 1926. ySerial No. 101,073.

'I'his invention relates to apparatus for simultaneous productionof carbonaceous gas and water gas.

In the accompanying drawings `illustrating the principle of this invention in the best mode now known to me of applying that principle. y

Fig. 1 is a vertical, central section of the retort structure at line 1-1 of Fig. 3 show; ing a pair of top feed screws in elevation and:

illust-rating by arrows the direction of fuel under carbonization and by other arrows the upward ascent of gas. The view also shows coke in the process of discharge from the under end of the retort.

Fig. 2 isa transverse section of the upper feeding casing structure at line 2 2 of Fig. 1 and shows the feed casing with a charge of hydrocarbonaceous material, such as bituminous coal, within the casing.Y

Fig. 3 is a transverse section through the retort casing proper and shows the relations of the cells for containing material to be carbonized, to the gas'tubes or ducts.

Figs. 4 and 5 illustrate another form of the invention, Fig. 4 being a vertical central section of the retort structure at line 4--4 of Fig. 7 and Fig. 5 being a vertical central section at line 5-5 of Fig. 4.

Fig. 6 is a transverse section of the upper feed casing and with chargelin place, at line 6-6 of Fig. 4; and

Fig. 7 is a transverse section of the retort at line 7--7 of Fig. 4.

Fig. 8 illustrates another form of cellular retort casing proper construction and wherein material to be carbonized is shown in place in vertical cells and wherein also gas ducts are shown.

Fig. 9 is a cross section at line 9 9 of Fig. 1 and shows the location of the gas outlets at the upper end portions of the gas tubes.

Fig. 10 is a vertical, central section of the shaft supporting gland structure with a feed 45 screwy shaft partially shown. y

Fig. 11 is a cross-section of what is shown in Fig. 10 at line 11-11 of Fig. 10.

Figs. 12, 13 and 14 are views of a feed screw shaft reducing gear.

Fig. 15 is an elevation of plant apparatus embodying this invention.

Fig. 16 is :xn-elevational plan of what is shown in Fig. 15, partly in cross-section at line 16-16 of Fig. 15.

Fig. 17 is a diagrammatic view of flo sheet illustrating the method involved in the use of the apparatus illustrated in Figs. 15 and 16. It also contains diagrammatic .illustrations of resultant products.A

The illustrated apparatus is one form of apparatus for working my new method of mixed carbonaceous gas and coke production not herein claimed, but claimed in my application Ser. No. 101,074,1iled April 10, 1926, and of even date herewith.

In the accompanying drawings, 1 is the retort casingfproper wherein the material to be gasified is contained. 2 isthe head casing; 2 are a pair of non-contacting feed screws which may either overlap or receive the periplieries of the helices just clearing each other; 3 are the gas ducts shown as connected by cross webs to the inner sides of the retort casing. It will be noted that these ducts have gas escape openings at their upper end portions. Their tops are closed but they are open `at their under. ends. The chargel receiving cells 3 are open both at top and bottom. The cell walls are indicated by 3*. All the duct or passageway walls are connected by webs w. The retort casing 1 is enclosed by a spaced apart vcombustion or heating chamber wall 3".`

To prevent coal or other material passing down the gas ducts, the open topo each is fitted with a cover or stopper S above the gas duct escape slots s.

4 is the expansion joint shown in this ease at the bottom end of the reto'rt casing and formed by an annulus which encloses the lower end ofthe retort cas-ing 1 with a space between the exterior of the casing wall and the interior wall of the annulus. This space is filled'with a Suitable packing 4*; 5 is the coke receptacle wh-ich forms the framework of balanced flap doors 6 shown attached to a rocker shaft `6, the ends oit-*which are provided with counterweights 7 for closing and maintaining the doors in a closed position. 8 are the twin screw shafts; 9 is the gas outlet; 10 is the inlet for material under course ltf of treatment; 11 are gas-tightsup orting p glands from which the screws depen 12 is the turning gear which has been spe eially designed for the presentpurpose and which is conneetible with an electric motor M by which a motor speed of 1000 revolutions per minute is reduced by means ot the arrangement to give the feed screws a rotational speed of from 6 to 10 revolutions per hour.

The cross section for a retort 1 shown in Fig. 8 is merely another torni of the cellular construction above described.

According to my present invention, the plurality of screws do not pass through the body of the retort casing the same as described in my co-pending application Ser No. 101.074 tiled April 10. 1926. but the screw propellers are situated in a separate, casing which is attached to the upper end ot the retort casin; r proper which latter casing is heated by the described method ot' copending application Ser. No. 101.074. tiled April 10. 1926. for the purpose of carbonizing, gasilying and coking the material passing through the retort: whereas the casing containing the screws is situated outside the zone of heat.

The short screws in the upper. non-heated casing 1 act as collectors of the material and propellers of the same to force the material which is fed by these screws or propellers downwards into and through vertical ducts ofthe heated body ofthe retort casing proper or lower section, where the material undergoes earbonization or gasification, said lower section is the heatable. coal distillation structure of the apparatus.

The experience has been gained by the inventor to etl'ect low temperature carbonization at a temperature ranging between 900"-l200o Fall. that the thickness of the material under the process of carbonizat'ion or gasification must not exceed four and onehalt' inches and that provision must be made for applying this heat to all four sides of the material.

As the density of the resultant coke from the .material is entirely due not to temperature but to vthe expansion of the material While in a semi-carbonized or semi-plastic condition and as this expansion exerts a great force, provision must be made that the walls of the ducts through which the material is forced by the pressure and also the screws to travel are of sutlicient strength to withstand the great pressure.

The bore ot' the upper head casing 2 and ol' the lower carbonizing section is practically the same, and when both are soon empty they will represent a true bore from end to end of both sections when litted together.

The bore of the upper section is titled by the two screws which can be of the overlapping but noncontacting type, or the screws need not overlap but just clear each other.

The bore of the lower casing or retort proper is. however, sub-divided in `horizontal and vertical alignment by a number of radically or transversely disposed and the lengthwise extending webs :r: and integral duct walls. but so that. the ducts enclosed by the metal do not exceed approximately four and one-half inches in cross sectional dimension. The rate ol' the ftow ot' heat through coal is about one inch per hour and practically and commercially considered` it is highly desirable that the cross section of the ducts should not be over about tour and onehalf inches along the intermediate portions dot the ducts. where the act ive distillation of the coal takes place. adjacent and above the lower portions ot the ducts` where the coking is pro- `gressively ell'ectcd.

These radial and transverse webs are an integral part ofthe retort easing itself, heilig cast as part of the same; and by reason ofthe conductivity of cast iron, and by molecular atlinity ot' the iron the heat applied to the exterior of the. retort is conducted through all the transverse and radially disposed members and is so imparted to the material which tills the retort cells or ducts during its passage through the same.

'l`he said cells or ducts need not necessarily be ol' the same cross-sectional area or shape as they may be so shaped as to produce slabs ot' coke'. bearing always in mind the four and one-hall inches condition: or they may be disposed in honeycomb (Fig. 8) form or the purpose ot' producingr a briquette like form ol' coke.

'lhe said members or walls forming the. cells or duets are located between the outer casing and inner hollow gas ducts for aiding t he rapid withdrawal ofthe evolved gases from the retort, 'and have nothing to do with the heating of the same.

During the evolution ot the gases, the gas outlet is under the influence of minus atmospheric pressure owing to the action ofthe gas exhauster, not shown but diagrammatically indicated.

The evolved gases find their way to their outlet through the centres of the charges of material as, owing to the pressure exerted on all sides by the expansion ot' the charges during carbonization, very little or no gas can lind its way up between the outer sides ot the charges and the inner surfaces ol the containing cells or ducts.

The coal and gas ducts being open at each end are naturally susceptible to the exhauster suction on the interior ot' the retort generally and as the evolved gases seek to leave the centres of the charges by the path offering the least resistance, it is open for these gases to leave partly direct through the upper portion of the charges or partly through the lower ends of the gas ducts, and the arrows in the drawing show the approximate paths the lll) -the duets, are provided at their upper end portions adJacent the members S with gas escape ports s.

Much value is attached to these duct-s as the easier and with less resistance the gases can escape, the `chances of their being cracked7 or split up is greatly lessened.

To increase the through-putcapacity of the. rel ort` the. divisions oi' webs a' in the retort may be disposed in an annular manner and, provided all divisions are connected physically with the outer, inner wall of the retort, the carbonizatioii of the interior columns of material, coal or coke will be as equally well effected as in the outer columns of material, coal or coke.

The power exertedby the co-acting feed screws 1n the upper casing on the mass of material forced throughthe lower casing is enormous and provision has to be 1made to eject the charge of carbonized coke from the casino' automatically and continuously before the pressure on the material leads to destructive consequences.

According to the resent form of my invention this is effected y the installation, at the lower end of the lower casing or section 1, of a coke box or receptacle within which a pair of flap doors are installed woikingon hinges;

and which, when in a horizontal condition,

close the bottom of the superimposed casing in a practically gas ti ht manner as the edges of the flaps are bevel ed to the same angle as the tapering sides ofthe coke box or receptacle against which they contact, so that the foot of the columns of coke in the casing rest on the flaps which are kept in position by a lever attached to each Hap which levers are c`ontrolled by weights or springs.

The desired pressure to be exerted by the co-acting screws on the charge of material to force the same through the lower casing, having been ascertained, the levers are weighted accordingly so that when the pressure on the charge reached a certain point the flaps are forced open and a portion of the charge in the forni of coke is ejected into the gas-tight box or receptacle below the flaps. lVhen the pressure being relieved, the weight on the levers causes the flaps to return to a horizontal position.

At intervals the coke receptacle is opened and the coke removed during .which period the revolution of the eo-acting screws may be stopped andthe flaps held up to insure against the entering of air into the retort casg'l`he design of the flap doors 6 may be varied and instead of hin ing them on their long sides they may be hinged on their short sides in eithercase being controlled by the outside levers fitted with either weights or springs.

The flap doors 6 are merely one form of cokev escape control apparatus for also offering a resistance to the downward feeding pressure and load o f the coal in its initial conditiomin its active distillation and dition, and in it-s progressive'coking inthe lower portionof each distillation duct.

i The density of the coke can be varied by the amount of pressure it is subjected to during its formation in the retort and this controllablevariation of pressure is another feature of my invention.

To take up the expansion of the retort in a vertically longitudinal direction, ityis pi'or posed to intervene either between the upper non-heatedcasing or the lowernon-heated section represented by the coke receptacle a i loose joint of any desired construction.

Each gland 11 comprises an upstanding, annular capped casing to which the reference 11 is applied. The casing has a bottom that is solid except for a central shaft opening through which a shaft 8 extends upwardly through the fixed cover plate 13 of casing 2, and upwardly through the fixed cover 14 of casing 11 for reception of members of the t.urning\gear 12. Vithin the gland casing, there is at its bottom portion a pair of discshaped ball races 15 between which anti-friction balls 16 are located, the shaft passing through the races and upwardly through a piston 17 provided with piston rings 18. The piston is pinned to the shaft by pins 19 and as a length less than the distance between the upper race 18 and the gland casing cover, leaving a clear s ace 20 into which the piston may ascend on e ongation of the shaft due to heat. Each screw is suspended from its piston which normally rests on the upper race. The bottom of the gland casing is provided with a packing p around the screw shaft and the gland asta whole is gas-tight and constitutes a gas-tight, anti-friction screw suspending mechanism that permits endwise movement of the suspended screw.

The turning gear or driving mechanism which is fixed on the upper casing cover, although it may be otherwise supported, in eludes an addition to the gear 12 which is a spur gear, one on the upper, end of each screw shaft, an intermediate spur gear Q1 in mesh with gears l2. Gear 2Q is mounted on the upper end portion of a vertical stub shaft Q3 and drives the screw shafts siii'iultaneously in the same direct-ion. Stub shaft E23 also carries a worm gear 24 in mesh with a worm .-25 on a horizontal shaft 26 which is provided with a worm gear 27. This worin gear is in mesh with an intermediate worm gear 28 which in turn is in mesh with a worm 29 on as evolving conthe shaft 30 of a motor M. This driving gear serves to reduce a motor speed of about 1000 revolutions per minute to a screw rotational speed of from six to ten revolutions per hour, as above stated. i The Stoppers S at the upper ends of the gas tubes are fixed in place, thus preventing entrance? of the materialinto the gas tubes or p'assageways; but the gas exit portst are tcoft'inuously open,so 'that the. generated gas iiiaycontinuously escape therethrough, into ithe' communicating space i" and then to the Xit. 9,' while the rctorting operationis active. The rocker shaft (3 mounted in openings of the wallof the receiver 5 for coke or other residue of distillation. extends at both ends outwardly of the receiver. Each end has a dependent arm 6 for reception of one or more removableweights 7, two of which are shown on each arm.` The weights may be incl-'eased or dinlinished in number according to the character of the' material to be treated. Receiver 5 is practically air-tight and is pro` vided with an opening 5a through which the residue of distillation may be removed from time to time. The opening is shown provided with a door 5b. y

The approximately fiat-sided screw casing having arcuate walls, between `each two flattened walls, is a feature of the invention. Thearcuate Wallsare closely adjacent and partially enclose opposed portions of the feed screw helices while the flattened sides, which are opposed to the overlap or overhang ofthe helices, affords greater space for material being fed than would bethe case if the casings were of a cross-sectionally figure-8 contour. The combustion chamber C is for heat ap# plied during the retorting operation which may be a low temperature operation for which the apparatus is especially intended.

The intake 10 is provided, in practice, with a gas-tight charging device 10a of any desired construction. The charging devicevis yherein indicated diagramlmitically. In operation, succeeding initial charging, charge arresting and carbonization, the feed screws may be driven continuously and the charge arresting doors may be continuously opened for either partial, momentary interruption of escape, or, for continuous escape, of the coke into the coke box, with the bok door closed to prevent inrush of air, all depending on the character of the material treated and the desire of the operator.

The described arrangen'ient for disposition of the descending material in a plurality of relatively small, cross-sectional and relatively thin walled, lengthwise extending ducts and forl simultaneous ascent of evolved gas through the corresponding gas ducts, insures a perfection of carbonization or distillation attended by maximum evolution by gas from the material.

Evolution and removal of the gas is continuous. The charging operation may be continuous or intermittent depending on the type of charging apparatus used. The discharge of the coke vinto the coke box is continuously effected by the automatically intermittent wabbling of the flap doors 6.

In Fig. 5, the gas escape 9 is shown discharging into a diagrammatically illustrated exhauster 9. The exhauster connection is sufiicient in practice to effect the ascent of gas into thc'escape 9, notwithstanding the pressure on the charge between the feed screws and fiap door. Some of the ascending gas escapes from fissures in the coke and some of it from material M thereabove.

During the working of a water gas generator, as is well understood, the generator is filled with carbonaceous material such as coke and raised to incandescence by means of an air blast, technically called the blow period. Vhen the proper degree of incandescence is reached, the blast or blow is shut off and steam is passed through the heated material, this operation being` termed the run period. The interaction between the steam and the incandescent carbon generates the water gas which is a mixture composed principally of carbon monoxide and hydrogen. During the operation of manufacturing water gas, three sources of heat are developed apart from the heat which can be generated by burning the water gas itself. These three sources of heat have heretofore principally been regarded as waste heat and are as follows 1) the sensible heab of the blow gas; (2) the heat generated by the combustion of the carbonmonoxide constituent ofthe blow gas, and (3) the sensible he'at of the water gas, and one of the objects of the present invention is to utilize the three aforesaid sources of heat in connection with the distillation of solid carbonaceous or other materials before they are allowed to pass to the chimney ory stack.

Experiments have shown that the heat generated or obtained from the three aforesaid sources is sufiicient to etfect the distillation of carbonaceous materials.

According to one feature of the present invention, the hot blow gas is conveyed from the water gas generator with as little loss as possible of its so-called sensible heat and together with a supply of pre-heated air, is admitted to a combustion chamber composed of refractory material and which surrounds a retort within which a process of low or me dium, distillation is to be carried on. A combustible mixture is thus produced wherein the sensible heat of the blow gas is added to the heat derived from the combustion of the blow gas itself.

Another feature of this invention is to employ the hot Water gas for steam raising purposes or partial steam raising by passing the same through a heat interchanger, the heat generated in the heat interchanger being employed, for example, in raising the temperature of the water supplied to the interchanger which water may, be employed in an adjacent boiler, for raising steam and at the same time cooling the hot water gas.

As the process of producing blow gas and water gas is intermittent, two water gas generators, may, if desired, be employed for alternate use.

During the blow period of gas generation and owing to the considerable pressure of the air employed for the blast or blow which air passes through the incandescent coke in the water gas generator a lquantity of hot ashes, cinders and dust are carried away with the blow gas and normally are deposited in the neighborhood of the generator. Furthermore, the heat of the said ashes, representing about two percent of the heatof the fuel 1(coke) with which the generator is fed is ost.

According to another feature of the present invention, and in cases where blow gas is ignited in a combustion chamber for the purpose of treating carbonaceous or other materials, the blow gas, before entering the combustion chamber is passed through a socalled cyclone dust arrester. A suitable/form of dust arrester consists of a cylindrical chamber with a conical lower part, the gases containing the cinders and dustbeing caused to enter the upper cylindrical part thereof at a tangent to the periphery of the cylinder, whereby a whirling or centrifugal motion is imparted to the entering gases. Consequently the dust and cinders are thrown against the sides of the chamber and, by gravity, fall to the bottom thereof where they may pass through a pipe or passage into a water sealed tank from which they are raked out from time to time.

According to a further feature of the present invention, and in cases where it is desired ,to ignite and utilize the blow gas in the aforesaid manner, use is made of the heat of the cinders and dust which pass into the dust extractor to preheat the air required for `the purpose of igniting the blow gas. .To this end an4 air inlet pipe is provided which extends axially through the cyclone dust extractor the said air p-ipebeing surrounded by a concentrically mounted pipe or casing through which the blow gas, after thedust and ashes have been separated therefrom passes either to the retort, the boiler or elsewhere. Owing to this arrangement, and on account of the fact that the hot dust and ashes raise the temperature of the parts of the dust extractor to a' considerable extent, the temperature of the air is also raised to a considerable extent, the heating operation being further assisted by the sensible heat of the blow gas which may ow along the exterior of the air pipe until both concentrically mounted pipes enter the combustion chamber of the retort or the like.

Referring tothe plant structure, (Fig. 15), 3l is a retort stack or snift valve structure, 232 a water gas generator, 33 a dust extractor and pre-heater, 34 the separated dust escape ort of the dust extractor or separator; 35 1s an air blower, 3,6 a motor connected with the blower, 37 the blower discharge pipe, 39 a blow gas duct,-40 a subsidiary air supp'ly duct, the blow gas duct and subsidiary air duct discharging closely adjacent into the combustion chamber C; 41 is the under, ver tical conduit leg of an L-shaped conduit the under end of which is open within the chamber of the dust extractor or separater and the upper horizontal leg of which is entrant into t 1e combustion chamber. The subsidiary air pipe 40 extends from the blower disvcharge pipe 37 into the under portion of the dust separator 33,` thence upwardly within `and out of contact with the dependent conduit leg 41 and thence horizontally into the combustion chamber, the upper conduit leg forming the air supply duct 40 closely adjacent the closed blow gas duct 39. 42 is the steam run pipe for the water gas generator, 43 the blow gas discharge pipe from the water gas generator into the upper end of the dust extractor 33, pipe 43 entering the dust extractor, which is circular in cross-section tangentially. 44 is the water gas escape pipe from the chamber into a heat interchanger 45; 46 is a conduitleading from the heat interchanger for conveyance of cooled water gas therefrom to the junction of the pipe 46 at 47 with the carbonaceous gas escape pipe 48 that is in'connection with the gar escape pipe 9 of the' retort apparatus. The dust extractor 33 has an under end, vertical dust and cinder discharge into a water tank 49 or other suitable receptacle.

In the form,y shown, the steam run pipe 42 to the water gas generator leads from a steam boiler, as a source of steam, which may or may not be in communication with the heat interchanger 45. This heat interchanger is shown as av vertical casing provided with interior water tubes 51 into which cold water is introduced through a Supply conduit 52. The temperature of the watrin the tubes is raised by the sensible heat of' the hot water gas, passed into the casing through the pipe 44 and the heated water in the tubes is conducted to the steam boiler, as hot water or steam through a feed water or steam conduit 53. The coke product P is a hard, dense coke admirably adapted for .use in water gas generation. In practice, such coke residue may be economically used in the water gas generator 32. f

Referring to the above and also to Fig. 14 and following figures of the drawings, 31 is a chimney stack which in connection with a water gas plant is termed a snift valve. During the so called blow period this is opened by a lever attached to a chain; but

during the steam run period, the valve is shut so as to retain the heat of the blow in the combustion chamber.

32 is the water gas generator of which any well-known type may be selected, the sequence of operations being practically the same whichevertype of water gas generator be employed. v t

The fuel required bythe water gas generatc r, viz coke is preferably supplied from the retort to generator 32 which in turn supplies the necessary heat to the retort to enable it to produce the necessary coke, the relation between the two apparatus items is thus recip-v rocal.

The coke tothe water gas generator is blown to incandescence by the turbine positive air blower 35\ which is actuated by motor 36. Air passes to the water gas generator 32 by pipe 37 upwards through the coke charge in the generator, bein in its passage converted b contact With t e red hot carbon into so calle blow ases which are a mixture of` (aboi monoxi e (CO) and carbon dioxide Tliese gases before passing into the combustion chamber 6 surrounding the retort enter the dust extractor 33 wherein, by the cen.-

trifugal action ofthe blast, the ashes, cinders and dust in the blow gases, representing some two percent of the total heat of the fuel supplied to the generator, are absorbed; and the cleansed gases enter the port leading to the combustion chamber through duct 39.

The blow gases would be unignitable unless supplied withfa suiliciency of air, preferably heated, as the hotter this air supply is the more effective and intense is the combustion of the combustible CO in the blow gases. Consequently, a certain quantity 0f the air representing the main blow to the water gas generator is'tapped off by la subsidiary pipe 40 controlled by a valve, the pressure eX- erted by the turbine blower 35 being suicient i to force this air supply through the pipe 40 which passes through the lower end of the gas outlet pipe 41 and extends through the same. Both the main blow gas pipe 39 and the smaller air pipe `40 are entrant into the combustion chamber together, where ignition takes place; the air having picked up the heat from the ashes, cinders and dust which are scattered all over the interior of the dust extractor. i

Returning to the water gas generator, the blow period as described above being finished, after say four minutes of blow, the valves controlling the blow and likewise the cap of the chimney stack are closed. No valves are shown or described as the working of the valves are well known and to explain in detail Well known operations would un- .necessarily A far as possible complicate both drawings and eX-i` planation. i y

The blow valves being closed, the valves operating the run (steam run) are opened and steam is admitted by pipe 42 to the generatorand travels downwards for four minutes or so.

A.near 1100o Fah. Temperature of av very large .volume of the'produced water gas, in order to either raise somepounds of steam or to raise the temperature of cold water to over the boilin point so that this water could be used as eed water to an adjacent steam boiler.

It is necessary to cool the evolved, heated water gas to a normal atmospheric temperature before the same could e usefully employed.

Therefore, to accomplish both the cooling of the large quantity of heated Watergas and to usefully employ the sensible heat of the same, the heated water gas is passed by pipe 44 into a so-called heat interchanger 45 which is `by cold water which, coming into conor water heated to over 212o can be obtained.

On 'leaving the heat interchanger, the cooled water gas passes by pipe 46 tothe pipe junction`47 where it Lmeets and is mixed with vthe rich coal gas from the retortthrough the pipe 48 that communicates with the gas tout-y let 9 of the retort. Such gas through the outlet 9 andl pipe 48 is in turn heated andcarbonized by the heated blow gases evolved in the waterl gas generator 32.

In the distillation of vhydrocarbonaceous material, the products are a rich coal gas; ammonia vapours.; tar oils` containing spirits. oils,'tar acids of the cresol-phenol types,` paraflin'wa'x, itch containing a very low per-r centage of ree carbon and coke.

p The quantity and quality of these products ldepends entirely on the temperature at which the hydro-carbon selected is carbonized in the special retort andone object of the proces.E is to effect carbonization at a temperature which will yield a very rich gas of about 60G-800 B. t. u.s per cubic foot and which will produce oil bearing vapours which on being condensed will be of the olefine or aliphatic series of fparainoids and removed as rom the varomatic or benzenoid series, and to effect this result the temperature within the retort itself must not exceed or considerably exceed some 1400 Fah. as beyond this temperature the benzenoid series begin to appear, and if the vte1nperature be raised to the maximum the .retorts could stand say 1700O Falrthe ob]ec tionable. naphthalene series would likewise appear.

The dust laden blow gas enters the dust separator through its circular casing side and discharged interiorly to some extenttangentially causes the dust laden gas to whirl violently, as indicated by arrows, the dust and cinders dropping downwardly through the under outlet port 34 into a Water tank. When the coalducts are filled and the feed screws are in action, thev coal or other material is forced into the upper, open ends of the coal ducts and is under constant pressure downwardly to the coke discharge control apparatus. While this apparatus permits, by vibration of the free edges of the Hap doors on which the coke initially rests, continuous escape of the coke according to adjustments of the weights, the apparatus, nevertheless, offers such a resista-nce to the downward pressure that the pressure densities the coke substantially and firm coke is produced It will be observed that the heatable, metal walls of the coal yand gas ducts are integral and serve to conduct exteriorly applied heat to and through the material in the coal ducts; and that there is a plurality of coal ducts subjacent theunder end of each feed screw. The integrally and metallically walled, coal ducts are raised to a temperature sufficient to render portions ofthe coal, as it is forced compressively 'downward from the upper end portion of the coal ducts, plastic; and int-his condition gas is freely evolved, the plastic condition permitting the feed screw pressures to condense and solidify the coke formed in the lower portion of the coalducts against the ap doors or gates carried b the adjustably Weighted, rocker shaft 6". ien 'the appa` ratus is in operation, these Hap doors or gates are never closed,-but are constantly vibrating and thus permit continuous discharge of the solidified or densified coke which, with all the superincumbent material in the coal duc.tsis under l.continuous downward pres sure by the feed screws. The feed screws and their operating mechanism-constitute, in effect, a continuously` operable pump forthe coal or other gasifiable and coke producing material.

In accordance with the present invention, as illustrated, the water gas apparatus, the dust separator and preheater, the air blower, the heat interchanger and the steam boiler, are each a separate unit, all these units being installed spacedly a. art from' the retort and spacedly apart one fiom the other. Such installationsof these separate units all of which are in the heretofore described conduit relation one to another andto the retort, not only permit repairs to and the substitution of one unit for another when necessary, without shutting down the remainder of the plant; but also, in a very important sense, permita regulated control of the Water gas apparatus in its working connection with the retort, and such variations in the time and volumes of the water-and blow gas supply tothe retorting apparatus as may be required under actual working conditions of the gas and coke producing functions ofthe retort structure.

The coal becomes plastic in a stratum or in strata where it changes into coke. By keepinggthe in-fed coal and the coking plastic stratum or strata under constant pressure as described, the formation of thin and fragile walled coke cells is prevented and a dense compact coke roduct obtained. Such a densiication is o very great importance to the coke product as it does not break up or give off coke dust as is the case with .coarsely cellular coke. Moreover, the constant compression i's favorable to evolution of the gas evolving from the coking portion of the coal and from the coal.

What I claim is:

1. In gas and coke making apparatus, the combination of a retort; a combustion cham ber forming structure vertically' enclosing said retort; a blow gas dust and cinder separator provided with an under outlet for the separated dust and cinders-.and having an upper, cleansed blow gas discharge ort in conduit connection with said com ustion chamber; an air blower having an air eduction outlet in communication 4with an air pipe; the air pipe extending into, through and out of said separator into said combustion chamber for heating the air passing through said pipe.; and a water gas generator in communication with a blow gas pipe;

-said b low gas pipe, communicating with said separator; said structure, separator, blower and water gas generator being spaced apart onefrom another. i

' 2. In the combination set forth in claim l, said air blower being in conduit connection with said' water gas generator at a point remote from the connection of said blow gas pipe with said water gas generator.

3. In the combination set forth in claim 1, a heat interchanger; a water gas conduit for transfer of hot water gas from said water gas generator tosaid interchanger; a water gas conduit leading from said heat interchanger for passage ofv cooled water gas; the interchanger comprising a casing and interior Water tubes; and a cold water supply pipe communicating with said water tubes.

4. In the combination set forth in claim 1, a heat interchanger; a water gas conduit for transfer of hot water gas from said water gas generator to said interchanger; a Water gas conduit leading from said heat interchanger for passage of cooled water gas; the 0f steam being in conduit connection with interchanger comprising a casing and vertical` an upper portion of the water gas generator. interior Water tubes; and a cold Water sup- Signed at New York city in the county of 10 ply pipe communicating with saidv Water `New York and State of New York this 12th 5 tubes and a source of steam; `theupper ends day of March, A. D. 1926.

of the water tubes being in condutconnection with the source of steam and said source FREDERICK DEACON MARSHALL.