US1701835A - Furnace - Google Patents

Description

Feb. 12, 1929.

H. 5 CANNON ET AL FURNACE Filed Feb. 28, 1921 L W Z Patented Feb. 12, 1929..

STATES PATENT orrlcs.

HIRAM H. CANNON, OF SARNIA, ONTARIO, CANADA, AND JOHN W. CANNON, OI BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOBS TO THE CABBOBUNDUM COMPANY, OF NIAGARA FALLS, NEW YORK, A CORPORATION OF PENNSYLVANIA.

FURNACE.

Application filed February 28, 1921.

This invention relates to steam boiler furnaces, and more particularly to furnaces which are employed in connection with, or as part of, marine boilers of the so-called Scotch type. It is the general object of the invention to accomplish the heating of these boilers in a more eflicient manner than has been realized heretofore; also to employ for such purpose a furnace construction capable of heating most efficiently by radiation as well as by the direct application of the products of combustion to the boiler; and to use for this purpose a construction wherein a mixture of air with powdered or pulverized fuel may be employed with a maximum efliciency.

We accomplish these general objects in and through the construction and arrangement of parts shown in the drawings wherein Fig. 1 represents a central sectional elevation through a boiler of the Scotch marine type having our invention applied thereto; Fig. 2

a sectional elevation of said boiler correslab 6 is a combustion chamber.

sponding to the line 2-2 of Fig. 1.

Describing the parts by reference characters, 1 is the outer shell of a boiler of the Scotch type. This shell is not mounted in a horizontal position, as is customary, but is mounted so that its front end'shall be elevated with respect to its rear, the inclination being preferably about 15 degrees.- The supports for the said shell are indicated generally at 2 and 3.

Extending rearwardly from the front plate are the fire boxes 4, two such boxes being shown. Each of these boxes, as is customary, is entirely surrounded by water, with the exception of the ends thereof.

Projecting downwardly from each fire box 4 and through the water space therebelow is a nipple 5, said nipple being connected to the. bottom wall of the box and the bottom of the- Serial No. 448,838.

Extending rearwardly from the front closure 8, between the top and the bottom of each combustion chamber, is a partition 10, the rear end of the partition bein spaced from the rear end of the chamber an the partition being so supported as to provide with the wall of the chamber a lower and an upper passageway, indicated at 11 and 12, respectively,'said passageways being connected by the passageway 13 provided beyond the rear end of the partition. The passageway 11 is of increasmg cross-sectional area from the front to the rear thereof, and the passageway 12 is of increasing cross sectional area from the rear to the front thereof. At its front end, each combustion space 12 discharges into a chamber 13, common to both combustion chambers, said chamber supporting the front ends of the fire tubes 14 of the boiler. Each combustion chamber is provided with a burner 15 through which a mixture of air and pulverized fuel may be supplied to the front of the lower passageway 11, suitable valves being provided for controlling the supply of fuel and air to each combustion chamber.

Near its rear end, each combustion chamber is provided with an opening 16 adapted to register with the nipple 5 and with an outlet tube 17, preferably of carborundum, mounted within and extending through said nipple, the lower end of said tube discharging into an ash pit 18 which is sealed against the admission of air. The lower end of the pipe 17 will be provided with a valve or damper 19 whereby the combustion chamber may be sealed against admission of air at such times as ashes and slag or clinker may be removed from the pit. There will be an independent pit for each of the combustion chambers, so

that each may be open without interfering with the other and with the combustion chamber communicating therewith. The slab 6 is shown as extending the full length of and'beneath the combustion chamber and is provided with a plurality of projections 6 each having a concave face adapted to engage the corresponding surface of the combustion chamber. For the pur ose of stabilizing or supporting each com ustion chamber within its fire box, segmental blocks 6, also of carborundum, are interposed between each combustion chamber and its surrounding fire box, the blocks being so arranged as to form with the slab 6, on which 40 shell 20 comprising the wall of its fire box, the

the lower ends of the lower blocks rest, i111 construction is extremely advantageous, parcarbon of the fuel will have been consumedand only gaseous products of combustion will.

in large installations, since it holds the com ustion chamber sections in operative relation to each other and prevents any separation or breaking of the said chamber or of any of the sections thereof while not interticularlg fering with the transmission of heat by radiation to the surroundin wall of the fire box.

The boiler is tilted rom the horizontal for the purpose of enabling the pulverized fuel to be used efficiently therewith; This incllnation imparts a like inclination to the bottom of each combustion chamber; also to its partition 10. 'This enables any slag or clinker, incidental to the combustion of the pulverized fuel, to flow by ravity to the outlet opening 16 and to be discharged into the pit 18. The temperature obtained by the combustion of the fuel is such as to keep this clinker or slag in a molten condition until its discharge from the combustion chamber. By forming the rear and lower end of the combustion chamber in the manner shown, any ashes that may be within the gases passing around the rear end of the partition will be hurled outwardly against such rear end and will be delivered therefrom into the ash pit.

By locating each combustion chamber as shown and with its outer wall in fairly close proximity to the surrounding boiler plate or said fire box wall will be heated most efiicient- 1y by radiation from the said chamber and will transfer the heat thus received to the water surrounding the fire box. The gases of combustion will all be discharged through the registering openings in the frontof the combustion chamber and of the fire box into the chamber 13 By the time the gases shall have reached the outlet 7 leading to the chamber 13, the

be discharged into said chamber. As a result, there will be no accumulation of carbon in the fire tubesa frequent source of trouble in all ordinary boiler installations with which we. are familiar.

By our construction, we are enabled to heat a boiler of the type shown herein in a very eflicient manner. The outerradiating wall of the combustion chamber is in close proximity to the surrounding boiler shell 20 and, because of the material employed for the combustion chamber and the manner of heating I the same, the said chamber is heated uniformly and to a high temperature throughout its extent, with the result that the water in the surrounding space is also heated uniformly and efficiently by radiation. This uniform heating of and radiation by the combustion chamber is facilitated by making the outer wall thereof of diminishing thickness from the front or fuel-receiving end toward the rear end thereof.

One of the great advantages secured by our mode of heating a boiler of this type resides in the fact that the shells of the fire boxes of these boilers are capable of standing up indefinitely in service, the sheets being protected from the direct impingement of the flame and against the deposltion thereon of unconsumed carbon. As is well known, in furnaces of this kind heated with the ordinary type of oil burner, these plates become disintegrated within a comparatively short time, requiring frequent and expensive renewal.

Having thus described our invention what we claim is:

1. A boiler having a-rearwardly' and downwardly extending fire box provided in the bottom thereof and near its rear end with an outlet, a combustion chamber of refractory heat-radiating material mounted within the fire box and adapted to discharge material through the outlet thereof, means for sealing said outlet, a partition in the combustion chamber extending rearwardly from the front end thereof toward and spaced from the rear-end thereof, means for delivering into the combustion chamber and beneath said partition a mixture of pulverized fuel and air, the combustion chamber being provided with an outlet at its front end above the said partition, and achamber in the front of. the boiler communicating with the last mentioned outlet.

2. The combination, with a boiler comprising a front chamber and a rear chamber and fire tubes connecting said chambers, of a fire box below said boiler, a combustion chamber in said fire box extending substantially the full length thereof, said combustion chamber having a partition intermediate the top and bottom thereof and extending rearwardly from the front end thereof toward and spaced from the rear end thereof, the front end of said chamber above said partition being provided with an outlet for delivering products of combustion into the front boiler chamber, means for introducing a combustible mixture into the front end of said combustion chamber below said partition, the said boiler, fire box, and combus=-- ing an upper tubular portion and having a metallic fire box formed therewithin below said tubular portion, of a support within such fire box, a combustion chamber in said fire box mounted on said su port and having a partition intermediate t e to and bottom thereof and extending from t e front wall toward and spaced from the rear wall and said fire box and combustion chamber having adjacent their front ends an outlet adapted to discharge products into the tubular portion of the boiler, and means for supplying a combustible mixture'into the front end of said combustion chamber and below the partition thereof, said combustion chamber and support being composed of non-metallic refractory material havin high heat-radiating qualities and the said combustion chamher being located in proximity to the surrounding wall of the fire box whereby it will heat by radiation the surrounding wall of the fire box, the water in the boiler being heated by conduction from the fire box wall and the fire tubes.

4. The combination, with a boiler having a front and a rear chamber, fire tubes connecting said chambers, and a water leg belowsuch chambers, of a fire box in such water leg below and in proximity to the fire tubes, a base slab in the lower portion of such fire box extending substantially the length thereof, a combustion chamber mounted in such fire box and extending from the front to the rear thereof, such combustion chamber having a partition intermediate the top and bottom thereof and extending from the front toward and spaced from the rear end thereof, said combustion chamber having at its front end above such partition an outlet for discharging products of combustion into the front boiler chamber, means for supplying a combustible mixture into the front of said combustion chamber below said partition, thesaid combustion chamber and the support-' being provided with an outlet to permit the removal of slag or clinker from such chamber by gravity.

5. The combination, with a boiler having a front and a rear chamber, fire tubes connecting said chambers, and a water leg below such chambers, of a fire box in such water leg below and in proximity to the fire tubes, a combustion chamber mounted in such fire box and extending from the front to the rear thereof, such combustion chamber having a partition intermediate the top and bottom thereof and extending from the front toward and spaced from the rear end thereof, saidcombustion chamber having at its front end above such of n partition an outlet dischargin products of combustion into the front boi er chamber, a

and means for supplying a combustible mixture into the front 0 said combustion chamber below said partition, the said boiler and the said combustion chamber being down wardly inclined from the'front to the rear thereof.

6. A fire tube boiler having a front and a rear chamber in the upper portion thereof and fire tubes extending longitudinally thereof and connecting said chambers, a metallic fire box below the said tubes and extending from front to rear of the said boiler in the water space thereof and having the body thereof surrounded by the water in such space, a combustion chamber mounted within and extending longitudinally of the fire box with its outer wall in proximity to the sur-.

rounding wall of the fire box, the said coinbustion chamber havin a partition extending rearwardly from t e front toward and spaced from the rear end thereof and providing an upper and a lower passage communicating around the rear end of the partition, and means for. delivering into the front of the combustion chamber and beneath the said partition a combustible mixture and for burning the same within the said passages, the front end of the uppler portionof the combustion chamber and t e corresponding portion of the fire box shell being provided with an outlet for the discharge of products of combustion from the frontof the upper passage into the front chamber of the boiler, the combustion chamber being composed of nonmetallic refractory material having high heat radiating qualities whereby it will heat by radiation the surrounding wall of the fire box, the water in the boiler being heated by conduction from thefire box wall and from the fire tubes.

7. A fire tube boiler having a front and a rear chamber in the upper portion thereof and fire tubes extendin longitudinally therea d connecting sai chambers, a metallic fr front to rear of the said boiler in the water space thereof and having the bod thereof surrounded by the water in suc space, a combustion chamber mounted within and extending longitudinally of the fire box with its outer wall in proximity to the surrounding wall of thefire box,the said combustion chamber and the fire box having an outlet at the front thereof communicating with the front chamber of the boiler, and means for introducing a combustible mixture into and burning the same throughout the length of the combustion chamber, the said combustion chamber being composed of non metallic refractory material havin high heat radiating qualities whereby it will heat by radiation the surrounding wall ofthe fire box, the water in the boiler being heated by below the said tubes and extending I providing an upper and a lower passage comconduction from the fire box wall and from the fire tubes.

8. A fire tube boiler having a front and a rear chamber in the upper portion thereof and fire tubes extending longitudinally thereof and connecting said chambers, a metallic fire box substantially circular in section extending from the front to the rear of the said boiler in the water spacethereof, a combustion chamber also substantially circular in cross section and extending longitudinall of the fire box and having its outer wall a jacent to the outer wall of the fire box, the

'saidcombustion chamber having a partition extending rearwardly from the front toward and spaced from theirear end thereof and municating around the rear end of the partition, means for delivering-into the front of the combustion chamber and beneath thesa-id partition a combustible mixture and for burning the same within the said passages, thefront end of the upper portion of the combustion chamber and the corresponding portion ofthe fire-box shell. being provided with an outlet for the discharge of products of combustion from the front of the upper-passage into the w the fire box'wa liquid container,

front chamber of the boiler, the'combustion chamber being composed of non-metallic refr'actory material having. high heat-radiating qualities whereby it will heat by radiation the surrounding'wall of the fire box, the water in the boiler'bein and from the fire tubes.

9. A liquid heating apparatus comprising a a metallic fire box in such container, a combustion chamber mounted in "the fire box and extending an outlet for the discharge of products of s' longitudinally thereof, the said combustion chamber having a partition intermediate the top and bottom thereof and extending from the front toward and spaced from the rear end thereof and having at its front'end, above such partition,

- by conduction from the fire box wall.

10. A liquid heating apparatus comprising a liquid container, a metallic fire box in such container, said fire box being substantially circular in cross section, a combustion chamber extending substantially the full length of the fire box and in proximity to the inner wall heated by conduction fromthe combustionchamber and the said thereof, the said combustion chamber being composed of substantially cylindrical sections of non-metallic refractory material having high heat-radiating qualities, a-segmental I base slab interposedbetween the bottom of the combustion chamber and the bottom of the fire box, segmental ribs covering the joints between the sections of the combustion chamber and interposed between the said. chamber and the inner wall of the said fire box, the said slab andthe said ribs'being also composed of non-metallic refractory material having high heat-radiating qualities, means for-supplying a combustible mixture toandlburning the same within said combustion chamber.

11. -A fire tube boiler having a front chamber, fire tubes extending rearwardly from and a. water leg below such" said chamber, chamber, a metallic fire box in such water leg belowand in proximity to the fire tubes, the said fire box extending substantially the full cross section, a combustion chamber also substantially circular in cross section and extending substantially thefull length of the fire box and having its outer wall in proximity to the inner wall of the fire box, the said combustion chamber being composed of substantially cylindrical sections, the rear section of the said chamber having a concave forwardly presented face and being provided with a downwardly extending outlet registering with a corresponding outlet in the fire box Wall, means for sealing the outlet from the combustion chamber, a partition extending from the front of the combustion chamber toward but spaced from the-concaveface of the rear section of the said chamber and providing with the combustion chamber a lower and an upper passage, the front of the upperpassage and the corresponding part of the fire box being provided with an outlet discharging all of the products of combustion from the combustion chamber into the front boiler chamber, and means for introducing a combustible mixture into the front of the combustion chamber below the said partition and for burning the same within the passages of the combustion chamber, the combustion chamber sections and the posed of non-metallic refractory material having high heat-radiating qualities, whereby the combustion chamber will heat by rapartition being com-- length of the water leg and being clrcularin diation the surrounding wall of the fire box,

the water in the boiler being duction from the fire fire tubes.

' 12. -A liquid heating apparatuscomprisin heated by 0on box wall and from the .a liquid container, a metallic fire box locatedwithin the said container, a combustion chamber of non-metallic refractory material having high heat-radiating qualities mounted within the fire box and having its outer wall in close proximity to the inner wall of the fire box, and means for burning a combustible I mixture within the said combustion chamber whereby the wall of the fire box will be heated by radiation from said combustion chamber and the liquid surrounding the fire box will be heated by conduction from the fire box.

13. A liquid heating apparatus comprising a liquid container, a metallic fire box located Within the said container, a combustion chamber composed principally of silicon carbide mounted within the fire box and having its outer Wall in close proximity to the inner wall of the fire box, and means for burning a combustible mixture within the said combustion chamber whereby the wall of the fire box will be heated by radiation from said combustion chamber and the liquid surrounding the fire box Will be heated by conduction from the fire box.

In testimony whereof, we hereunto aifix our signatures.

HIRAM B. CANNON. JOHN W. CANNON.

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