US1692953A - Furnace - Google Patents

Description

Nov; 27, 1928. 1,692,953 D. s. RICHARDSON FURNACE Filed'Jan 1925 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 myzmoa AM); A.

BY v 2 5 ATTORNEYS Nov. 27, 1928.

D. S. RICHARDSON FURNACE Filed Jan. 9, 1925 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 m m 2 h w 3 3 3 5 3 3 k 0% i M I m 3 u u 3 m m 2 m E m n w n m m m m H. y k k INVENTOR A 1 W ATTORNEYS Patented Nov. 27, 1928.

. UNITED AT PATEN F I 1 nwrsnrs. RICHARDSON, on NEW YO K, w A IG B T0 19 41 0 YN TON 00., OF NEW YOBK, "I\T. Y., .A GORPOBATIQN QE NEW YORK.

FUBNA'CE- 7 Application filed anuar 9,1925. s l-mint. 366.

This invention relates to improvements in furnaces.

One of the objects 'of the invention is to.

provide an ii'nproved furnace construction by the use of which a more eiiicicnt burning of the fuel will take place. D

It is another object to furnish a device of the character stated which when used Wlll insure combustion in such a. manner that clinkers, dead spots, etc. in the body of the fuel will be minimized.

An additional objectis to construct a furnace' which will function in such a manner that the need of frequent cleaning of 1ts variousinternal surfaces and the flue connected with'the outlet pipe thereof will be reduced. r

Another object is to design a furnace construction by which the same amount of fuel as heretofore will produce a more usefully available heat, and in which the response to the opening of the drafts and other control devices will be more rapid than has hereto fore been the case.

Specifically, it is another object to furnish a mechanism by means of which the corn bustible gases liberated under normal conchtions by the bed of fuel will beignited and consumed,this being accomplished by a construction which will furnish air to the (30111- bustion chamber of the furnace, the device being of such a type that-it may bereadlly renewed by a layman in the event of its burn-- ing out or being otherwise rendered unlit for further service.

Still another object is that of constructing a mechanism of the type defined in the previous paragraph, the use of which will not.

necessitate any radical reconstructionof boilers or furnaces as now in use. and which mechanism may be readily manufactured and applied to a furnace With ease.

Other objects of theinvention will in part be obvious and will in part appear hereinafter;

The invention accordingly comprises the features of construction, combination of elements, and arrangement of parts which will be exemplified in the construction hereinafter set forth, and the scope of the application of which will be indicated in the claims. For a fuller understanding, of the: nature and objects of the invention reference should be had to the following detailed description drawings, in'which:

taken in connection with the accompanying Fig. 1 is asectional side View of a furnace with a constructionembodying one form of the present invention associated therewith Fig. 2 is a sectional front view thereof; Fig. 3 is a top plan viewof the device afore referred to; and 7 Fig. 4 is a bottom pla-nfiview thereof. In the present exemplification the invention has been illustrated in connection With a furnace of the steam or hot water type.

While the subject matter of the present case is particularly intended for use in connection with heaters ofhousehold size, it will be understood that the invention may be utilized to advantage in connection with numer one different types of Water and steam boil-' .ers', air heaters, etc.

lhus, in theseviews' the heater includes a fire-pot, below which a grate is positioned, access to the fire-pot being had by means of a coal door 7, so that the combustion chain ber of the furnace may be filled with fuel in the usual inannerto approximately the level indicated at 5. j

The fire-pot may be formed by; utilizing a cylindrical or other shaped casing 5,which is jacketed bya second casing 8,'encircling and disposed in spaced" relationship to'the first-named casing, so as to provide inthe present instance a heating acket for water," which is ntroduced, as in the usual manner,

through pipes communicating with openings in, the exterior casing. The entire furnace assen'iblymay also be'supported upon a'base (5, providing an ashpit, and, in "the usual manner, the draft through the grate, as well as.

the removal. of ashes from the pit, may be accomplished by means of a ,door 7 provided for this purpose. 1

Thus,'the fuel burning within-the firepot will serve to heat the wa'ter'jacketed between the casings 5 and 8', and the products of com-.

bustion will move upwardly through'the combustion chamber and past the sections 9,10 and 11, by means of ports'12provided in the latter for this purpose. In passing through these sections, which may be'of any desired type, the temperature of the water will be raised, or in the event that the furnace is of that typeWhich is adapted to supply steam to a heatingsystenn and, consequently, the

Water level isbelow ,one or more ofithese sectionsthe steam emanating from the water level has its temperature materially raised within the sections, andafter giving off heat to the uppermost section the products of combustion will pass through the flue pipe 13, the escape of gases from which may be controlled by dampers, etc.

It is here to be understood that a consider-- able amount of the products of combustion which pass through the ports 12 and into the outlet flue'13 are themselves combustible, but the heating units, incident to this capability, have heretofore been largely lost, due to the factthat there has been insufficient oxygen to permit complete combustion; or, whereattempts have been made to ignite these, gases, for example, by opening a port within the fuel door, they have proved to the greatest extent to be ineffective because the temperature of the air admitted was such that the desired result was not achieved. VViththis in mind eflorts have also been previously directed towards introducing air within the combustion chamber and in preheating this air to such an extent that desirable combustion would be promoted. To a great extent, and particularjection the greatest difficulty was because renewals of this nature have required the efforts of anexperienced workman, and also it has been usually necessary to extinguish the fire in order to accomplish such renewaL' By means of the present invention the desired result, i. e., the burning of the combustible particles within the gases escaping from the body of fuel, are accomplished with out the objections aforeenumerated coming into being. In the specific embodiment illus trated the. rear end of the section. 9 is reduced to a sufficient extent to provide an opening between the adjacent upper edges of the easlngs 5 and 8 and the section 10, whlch w1ll be adequate for the passage of sufiiclent oxygen 1 to promote combustion. Disposed within this opening in the present instance is the neck of an airbox 15, which neck is preferably offset as at 18, so that the body of the box may lie in a plane below that in which the mouth 19 of the neckextends.

This box in crosssection, ispreferably tapered, as has been best shown in Fig. 2, and has its lower surface provided with a plurality of longitudinnallyextending slits 16, which will lie substantially centrally over thefuel body withinthe firepot, and well spaced from the upper surface thereof. i

4 With a view to supporting this box in such a manner that it may readily be removed when it is necessary, it will be observed that the upper surface 17 of the same is formed complementary to the under surface of the section 9, and the latter isprovidedwith a supporting ledgeQ-l extending forwardly within the furnace. The outer edge of the airbox which projects beyond the ledge 24 is extended upwardly as at 20, and rearwardly as at 23, so

as to form a hook for the purpose'o'f bearing against the upper face of the ledge of section- 9, it being noted that for the purpose of accommodatlng the parts thls section is preferably formed with a recess 21 in its lower face,

the length of this recess being more than equal to the depth of the ledge, plus the length of the rearwardlyextending portion 23. 3 Thus, the airbox has two points of suspension, one adj accnt the mouth 19 of its neck, and the other adjacent that edge which is nearestto the fuel door, and its discharge openings 16 are of such a nature that air will be efficaciously dis-.

tributed within the combustionchamber in a manner brought out.

In order to supp'lyair to the box 15, a con duit 25 may be employed, which is suitably secured tothe outer face of the casing 8, and has, in the present instance, its upper end in communication with the mouth 19 of the air-- box eck, its lower end being in communication, through opening 26, with the outer atmosphere, and through an opening 28 with the ashpitt, I

In utilizing this device, and'pi'esuining that the furnace is just being started, a valve 27 may be turned in order to close direct commuhereinafter more particularly nication between the pipe 25and the outer at- I mosphere, but to allow communication between this ,pipe'aud the ashpit A certain portion of the air sucked in through the door 7 will pass throughthe opening 28 and conduit 25. In passage through the latter it will be preheated to a certain extent, and upon be ing discharged into theneck ofthe airbox the temperature of this air will be further raised, due to the fact that this neck portion i s prefen ably arranged to extend transversely of the port 12 of the lowermost boiler section, and is consequently in the path :of the flames and products of combustion omanatingfrom the upper surface of the fuel body 5,. Two factors will govern the discharge of air from within the box 15,-the first of these being pressure of the head of air within the conduit 25, and the second the amount of suction acting upon the mouths of the opening 16. *In any event,'it will be appreciated that as the fuel body is ienited and continues to burn, incident to the air which passes upwardly through the grate, flames will appear in the combustion chamber above the fuel body, in-

cident to the partial combustion ofthe gas I eous products discharged, from this upper surto a considerable extent, and instead of mere hot gases passing through the ports 12 flames will be in contact with the radiating surfaces of the various furnace sections, as a consequence of which the air, water or steam within these sections will have its temperature raised to a high degree within a relatively short period of time. Furthermore, due to this result, the particles which a're'normall-y discharged from the flue, retained within the same, or deposited on the various baffle surfaces of the boiler sections will be virtually entirely consumed, so that it. does not become.

necessary to frequently clean thevarious portions of the furnace or the flues'connccted therewith, and, additionally, it will be feasible to utilize low grades of fuel, which would otherwise be objectionable incident to the large discharge of smoke from the upper endof the line.

lVhen the furnace 1S once in operation, or, in other words, when the flue and furnace parts have become well heated and there is consequently very little danger of aback draft through the flue 25, the valve 27 may be thrown to close the opening28 and to uncover the opening26, so as to draw a fresh, clean air supply into the conduit, it beingunderstood that with two openings it is usually only necessary to draw air in through the ashpit during the initial stages of combustion of the fuel body within the firepot.

Due to the construction herewith suggested it is obvious that there will be very little, if any, danger of the unit which supplies the hot air becoming useless, due either to burning out or to being damaged by coal or furnace utensils, etc., for the reason that it is well spaced from the upper level of the fuel body. As a consequence, it will not be subjected to intense temperature and it will not be in the way of coal or utensils in their I passage through the fire door. Further, in suchposition it will distribute the highly heated air in a more desirable manner than isvusually the case in a complicated unit. 7

At this time it is also to be noted that due to the construction suggested it will be unnecessary, unless desired, to modify the furnace body or sections in any other respect than having one section interrupted throughout a may be continued until such time as the edge of the rearwardlyaextending portion 23 of the box clears'the outer edge of the ledge 24, when it will be obvious that the outer .end

. of the box will drop clear of the section. 9.

Upon continued movement the mouth '19 of the box neck will clear the upper edge of the opening formed in the section 9, and thus it will be apparent that the whole box may readily be removed, it being onlynecessary toreverse the process, in order to supplant the old box with a new one. a

Finally, if desired, the opening '28 in the base may be dispensed with, and the air may atal-l times be drawn d-i rect'lythroug-h the lower end of the conduit 25, it being furthermore obviousth'at, if desired, a damper 29 may be positioned within this conduit for controlling the flow of fluid t'herethrough.

From the foregoing it will be appreciated that the objects of the invention have been accomplished and since certain changes may be made in the above construction, and dilferent embodiments of the invention could be made, without departing from the scope thereof, itisintended that all matter contained inthe above description, or shown in the accompanying.drawings, shall be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense. a i

It isalso'to be understood that the following claims are intended to cover all of the generic and specific features of the invention Having described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is 1. In combination, a furnace having a com bustion chamber defined by walls, an airbox withinsaid combustion chamber, and means to support said airbox withinsaid chamber, sa1d means 1nclud1ng a shoulder formed on one of said walls, a hook associated with another of said walls, and extending in a direction away from the first wall, a hook associated-w1th sa1d box and extendmg towards said shoulder, and an air 1ntake member associated with said box and extending substantially in the same direction as the latter hook and engaging said shoulder. a

2. In combination, a furnace comprising a casing and a section at the upper end of the 7 same providing". a combustion chamber, one

of said members being formed with'a port, a portion of one of said members providing a substantiallyflat surface, an airbox, a hook forming a part of the same and engaging with i said surface, and an extension forming a part of said box and filling said port, saidparts having sliding engagement with each other whereby said box may he slid with respect to said furnace structure to eifect' a removal 0t 1 said box from the chamber.

ing surface and a recessed portion adjacent.

the same, the rear of said furnace parts being formed witha port and a hredoor opening at the forward end thereof, an extension forming a. part of said airbox and slidably projecting into said port, and a supporting memher also forming a part of said box and slidably engaging the supporting surface of said section whereby when said box is moved towards said firedoor opening it will be detachedfrom said furnace parts.

4. In combination, a furnace comprising a casing, a horizontal section at the upper-end of the same and formed with an opening for the escape of products of combustion generated within the combustion chamber deiined by said. section and easing, one of the i-llS ofthe. chambers being formed with a adjacent said opening, an airboX, an expoi tension forming a part of said an-box and projecting across said opening and into said port into slidable engagement withthe furnace parts, and quick detachable means forming a part of said section and said airbox for suspending the latter from thevformer.

5. combination, a boiler comprising a body anda section disposed above thesame,

face formed with openings for the escape of air, the end of said body extending into said port, and means extendingiron the upper face of said body and into the recessof said section. for detachably supporting the same. 6. In combination, a boller comprising a body and a section disposed above the same, i

said body and section providing a combustion chamber; said section being provided with'a notch in its rear edge and with a re cess in its under face forwardly of said notch;

said body being formediwith a port adjacent said notch, and an air-supplying member positioned within said combustion chamber and including a hollow body having its lower face formed with o iienings for the escape of air," the end of said body extendlng upwardly intosaid notchiand rearwardly into said port; and means extending from the upper face of said body and into said recess of said'section for detachably supporting the same.

-. In testimon whereof I .aiiiX m si 'nature.

DWIGHT s. RICHARDSON.

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