US1690841A - Cooling system - Google Patents

Description

Nov. 6, 1928. 1,690,841

5. w. RUSHMORE COOLING SYSTEM Filed NOV. 27, 1925 INVENTOR Jazrzzzz MJizzJfi/rwre a ATTORNEY Patented Nov. 6,1928;

' UNITED STATES SAMUEL W. RUSHMORE, OF PL AINFIELD, JERSEY.

COOLING SYSTEM.

Application filed November 27, 1925. Serial No. 71,597.

My present invention relates tocooling systems, particularly applicable for air cool'ed radiators, particularly those of the automobile ty e operating according to the methods set drth in various of'my prior patents, as for instance, No. 1,378,124, ranted May 17, 1921, No. 1,455,7 39, granted ay 15, 1923-, etc. My resent invention involves many aspects 0 variation and contrast with respect to the many forms of upflow condensers shown in my prior patents and pending applications and also with re spect to certain downflow condensers invented by me, but enumeration of all of them would be diflicult as well as unnecessary, as will be evident from the fact that in my present system a radiator of the automobile type is caused to operate partly as a downflow radiator and partly as an upflow 2o condenser.

The system is best exemplified as applied to an automobile radiator which is characteristically thin from front'to rear, has a lower. water collecting and discharge cham- 2 ber, an upper chamber, and an intermediate honeycomb or core portion permitting through flow of air from front to rear between and around walls defining interior paths for up or downflow of the cooling fluid. Preferably, these paths are separate parallel tubes,'but a similar mode of operation is possible in the cross-tube type of radiator shown in my Patent No. 1,555,079, granted September 29, 1925.

The amount and distribution of the area that o erates by downflow, as contrasted with the area that operates b u flow admits of wide variations. Preerably, however, the downflow is at the sides of the radiator and partitions are provided whereby fluid admitted simultaneously at the upper ends of both side portions of the honeycomb is forced to travel downward, forcing the air in the side tubes downward into the lower chamber of the radiator whence increasing pressure will force it upward through the center or other upflow portion of the condenser, such pressure being vented from the upper chamber with which said upflow portion communicates. When the cooling fluid includes a sufficient amount of steam, the upflow part of the radiator comes into operation in the characteristic scribed in my said prior patent. I

For very cold weather operation, such arrangement has the disadvantage that all of way de.-.

the downflow tubes are kept wet at all times, because however little steam there may be, the condensate therefrom must traverse the entire length through the downflow tubes, thus making it possible that the water will be frozen in the lower parts of said tubes. This disadvantage may be minimized by making the downflow portions of such small condensing capacity that even minimum steam production will be suflicient to keep the downflow tubes above freezing. For the same reason it may be desirable to select as the downflow tubes, those that are less well cooled, these being in most cases the side tubes.

On the other hand, this arrangement has the advantage that the downflow tubes are the tubes which are always completely scavenged of air, because the air is much 'heavier than the steam, so that even though less well cooled, they at maximum efficiency.

Another very great advantage of my present arrangement is that'the downflow tubes afford a perfect difi'user or mufiler inlet for the steam into the lower chamber of the radiator, thereby avoiding the turbulence that sometimes tends to splash solid water into the upflow tubes, when the discharge of the hot water and steam is directly into said lower chamber. That is to say, at times when steam evolution is copious and violent, my present invention affords a remarkably effective means for getting the steam quietly into the upflow condenser.

Where the central. radiator tubes are selected as the upflow condenser portion of the are always operating area, there is the further advantage that all' said tubes are of approximately the same cooling capacity, all of them being covered by the strongest part of the air draft through the central portion of the radiator. As aresult, all of the upflow tubes will operate more uniformly and there will be less tendency for steam to blow through any of the tubes, regardless of whether or not they are equipped with the constrictions described in my prior patents referred to above.

Considering the downflow and the upflow in combination, there is the above described advantage that under ordinary conditions the downflow tubes will be perfectly scavenged of air, and the place this air is driven into is not a waste space, but is the reserve supplemental cooling space which will operate as upflow condenser when the downfiow portion of the radiator is overtaxed.

Of course, it is possible to'have the downflow portion of the radiator comprise relatively large and proportionally few pipes having small radiating capacity in which the function of the downflow part of the radiator will be mainly the mufiler or quiet discharge function above described.

As compared with my prior Patent No. 1,378,724, it will be seen that said patent set forth and claimed a cooling system for internal combustion engines in which there is a force feed water circulating system of small heating radiating capacity serially in cluding a water jacket, a water outlet pipe from said jacket and a'water container to which said pipe is connected, in combination with a large capacity radiating means above the water. container, interposed between it and a low resistance outlet for escape to the outer air of steam, air or water: whereas my present invention involves a variation hav ing a portion only of the radiating means interposed between the water container and the low resistance outlet to the outer .air, while another portion of said radiating means is connected to discharge from the outlet pipe of the water jacket downward into said water container.

The above and other features of my invention may be more fully understood from the following description in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which- Fig. 1 is a side elevation of a circulating system, including the engine jacket, piping,.

pump and radiator, the latter being shown pagt y in section on the line 1-1, Fig. 2; an I Fig. 2 is a sectional elevation of the radiator on the line 2--2, Fig. 1.

In these drawings the circulating system is shown as including the radiator,-1, intake, 2, leadin to 'pump 3, which forces water through pipe 4 into the water jacket of internal combustion engine 5 and from said jacket the cooling fluid, normally. steam, flows through pipe 6 into. the top of the radiator 1.

As shown in the drawings, the radiator is conventional in that it comprises the lower water collecting chamber A, air-cooled radiator portion or honeycomb B and theheader O. The radiator element, B, is shown as comprising parallel, thin-walled, vertical .tubes in communication with chamber A at the bottom and header at the top.. These parts may be of known or des'iredconstruction.

A distinguishing feature of the, radiator is that the header is divided into a plurality of compartments as by one or'more partitions, 10, 11, and one or more of these compartments, as, for instance, the side compartments, 12, 13, have inlets, 14, 16, for the discharge of water and steam coming through pipe 6' from the engine jacket. Another compartment, as central compartment 17, may be supplied with the usual filler cap, 18, and pressure relief valve, 19, which may be similar to that shown in m Patent No. 1,37 8,7 24. The relief valve pre erably discharges downward through a pipe, 22. 4

It is obvious that where the cooling'elements are vertical tubes as here shown, all of those having their upper ends in compartments 12 and 13 will operate as downflow radiating elements; also that air displaced downward in these tubes may vent upward through the tubes opening into chamber 17 and out through valve 19. When the radiator is overtaxed, the steam rushing down through the side pipes will be effectually and quickly diffused in the top of the water containing chamber A, without causing undue turbulence of ,the latter and, as the volume of the steam increases under heavy duty conditions, the central tubes will begun to operate according to the upflow condenser method describedin my prior patents, the steam rising only to the height necessary to condense it, and the condensate flowing down along the walls of the same tubes.

'I have shown the honeycomb divided by partitions 10, 11, corresponding to the partitions 10 and 11 in the header C, but the honeycomb partitions will only be necessary where the radiator is of the cross-tube type such as shown in my Patent No. 1,555,079.

I prefer to form the bottoms of header compartments 12, 13 with depressed portions, 20, 21, so that one'or more of the side tubes will be shorter than the others and will serve as natural drains for any water that operating by downfiow from compartment 12 or 13 may be widely varied and in certain cases even asingle tube may be employed except for the disadvantage that it would necessarily be substantially the same size as tube 16 in order to take care of the maximum output of cooling fluid.

It=will be obvious that the circulating system may be designed according to various of my prior patents and applications. For instance the intake ma have a constriction 7, of such size that the pump 3 can the water jacket to the radiator and the pump 3 may be a gear pump.

I c aim 1. An internal combustion engine forcefeed cooling system of the type which includes a water. container, a supply pipe leading from the container to the engine water jacket, said system designed and operating to cause boiling of the water in the jacket an outlet ip e for the escape of hot flui from the acket and heat-radiating means affording a plurality of separate flow-paths above the water container, said paths crosscommunicating only through their lower portions, certain of said paths being inter; dbetween said water container and a ow resistance outlet for escape to the outer air of steam, air or water from the system, and others of said flow-paths having their upper ends seriall connected to the outlet from the water jac et.

2. An internal combustion engine forcefeed cooling system of the type which includes a water container, a supply pipe leading from the container to the engine water jacket, said system designed and operating to cause boiling .of the water in the jacket, an outlet pipe for the escape of hot fluid from the acket and heat-radiating means affording a plurality of separate flow-paths above the water container, said paths crosscommunicating only through their lower- -portions, certain of said paths being interosed between said water container and a ow resistance outlet for escape to the outer air of steam, air or water from the system, others of said flow-paths having theirupper ends serially connected to the outlet from the I feed cooling system of the type which includes a water container, a supply pipe leading from the container to the engine water jacket, said system designed and operating to cause boiling of the water in the jacket, an outlet pipe for the escape of hot fluid from the jacket and heat-radiating means aflording a plurality of separate flow-paths above the water container, said paths crosscommunicating only through their lower portions, certain of said paths being interposed between said water container and a low resistance outlet for escape to the outer air of steam, air or-water from the' system, and all of said paths draining into the water container. 4

4. An internal combustion engine forcefeed cooling system of the type which includes a water container, a supply pipe leading from the container to the engine water jacket, said system designed and operating to cause boiling of the water in the jacket, an

, outlet ipe for the escape of hot fluid from v the ac et and heat-radiatin means affording a plurality of separate ow-paths above the water container, said paths cross-commumcating only through their lower por- SAMUEL w. IBUsmaoRE.

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