US1686149A - Treatment of fabrics - Google Patents

Treatment of fabrics Download PDF

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US1686149A
US1686149A US152515A US15251526A US1686149A US 1686149 A US1686149 A US 1686149A US 152515 A US152515 A US 152515A US 15251526 A US15251526 A US 15251526A US 1686149 A US1686149 A US 1686149A
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fabrics
treatment
impregnating
render
aqueous solutions
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US152515A
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Ellis George Holland
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Celanese Corp
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Celanese Corp
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M15/01—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with natural macromolecular compounds or derivatives thereof
    • D06M15/17—Natural resins, resinous alcohols, resinous acids, or derivatives thereof
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M13/10—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing oxygen
    • D06M13/184—Carboxylic acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof
    • D06M13/188—Monocarboxylic acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M13/244—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing sulfur or phosphorus
    • D06M13/248—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing sulfur or phosphorus with compounds containing sulfur
    • D06M13/256—Sulfonated compounds esters thereof, e.g. sultones

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the treatment of woven, knitted or other fabrics and especially fabrics made with or containing threads or yarns composed of or COIIIPIIS- ing filaments or fibres of cellulose acetate or other cellulose esters or cellulose ethers,-- for the purpose of rendering them less liable to or immune from development of faults caused through lack of cohesion or low ooefiicient of friction existing between the threads or yarns of the fabrics at their points of crossing or interlooping.
  • i5 term indicating that stresses in usage or in processes subsequent to weaving cause the threads of one component (i. e. the warp or weft) to slip over those ofthe other and produce, at the point of slipping, uneven distribution of the warp threads or Weftthreads.
  • the fault is least observable in closely woven fabrics having a high number of reed and pick, and is most likely to occur in fabrics with a small number of crossings (i. e. points of contact of warp and weft) per unit area.
  • the fault is commonly known as laddering and is caused by a line or series of loops in the fabrics on breakage of a loop or thread) becoming drawn out of or slipping out of the adjacent loops through which they are threaded in the structure of the fabric, owing to lack of cohesion or low coefficient of friction at the points of contact of the loops, so that a ladder-like defect results; while in thecase of warp-knitted fabrics the fault is commonly known as splitting and vis produced by the fabric splitting continuously along a wale of the fabric without tearing if a cuthappens to be made lengthwise in the middle of the Wale in a direction towards the beginning of the fabric, such splitting being likewise due to lack of cohesion or low 'coefficient of friction existing between the threads of the fabric.
  • Woven, knitted or other fabrics,-and especially fabrics made with or containing yarns or threads composed of or comprising filaments or fibres of cellulose acetate or other cellulose esters or cellulose e thers are subjected to simple or repeated application, by impregnation with strong aqueous solutions or dispersions of one or more bodies known to have a solubilizing or dispersing power for water-insoluble or relatively water-insoluble dyestufis, that is to say a power of rendering waterinsoluble or relatively water-insoluble dyestuffs soluble or capable of high dispersion in water.
  • such bodies are referred to as dispersing agents and their aqueous solutions and dispersions are referred to collectively oleic, stearic, palmitic, and the other higher fatty acids and sulphonated or other derivatives thereof containing salt-forming, groups (e. g. the sulpho group or the carboxyl group or both sulpho and carboxyl groups) and soluble salts of such acids or derivatives, for instance their alkali or ammonium salts or mixtures of two or more of such acids and/or derivatives and/or salts; for the sake of brevity all such acids, ,derivativcs and salts and mixtures are herein included in the term body-of oily or fatty characteristics.
  • groups e. g. the sulpho group or the carboxyl group or both sulpho and carboxyl groups
  • soluble salts of such acids or derivatives for instance their alkali or ammonium salts or mixtures of two or more of such acids and/or derivative
  • Carbocyclic compounds containing in their structure one or more salt-forming groups such as sulphonic, carboxyl or hydroxyl groups, whether the compound contains only one kind of these groups or different kinds of these groups at the same timeand sodium or other soluble salts of said compounds; or mixtures of any of such carbocyclic compounds and/or salts, or mixtures of one or more thereof with one or more of the aforesaid bodies of oily or fatty characteristics.
  • carbocyclic compounds and salts may be mentioned naphthenic acids, naphthene sulphonic acids, or other carboxylic or sulphonic acids of the cycloparafiins; henols, sulphonic acids, carboxylic acids, p enolsulphonic acids or other derivatives of the benzene, naphthalene or anthracene series containing one or more salt forming groups, or other derivatives of saturated or non-saturated cyclic hydrocarbons containin one or more salt-forming groups, and so ium or other soluble salts of any of these compounds.
  • Sulpho aromatic fatty acids such for instance as sulpho-benzene stearic acid (Twitchell reagent), or derivatives thereof such as sulp'hophenol stearic acid, sulphonapthalene stearic acid, sulphobenzenericinoleic acid, sulphophenolricinoleic acid, sulphonaphthalene ricinoleic acid, or sodium or other soluble salts of such acids or derivatives, or mixtures of any of such and/or derivatives and/or salts.
  • sulpho-benzene stearic acid Tewitchell reagent
  • derivatives thereof such as sulp'hophenol stearic acid, sulphonapthalene stearic acid, sulphobenzenericinoleic acid, sulphophenolricinoleic acid, sulphonaphthalene ricinoleic acid, or sodium or other soluble salts of such acids or derivatives,
  • Soluble resin soaps or sodium or other soluble salts or soaps of resin acids.
  • the salts and the mixtures of the free acids or saltforming c'ompounds with the salts whether of the same or of different acids or salt forminglpompounds are especially useful.
  • the oods may be subjected to the impre ation y any suitable means, but I have mind the machine known as the pad ding mangle to be particularly suitable.
  • This a paratus provides for the passage of the fa ric' through the strong aqueous solution of. one or more dispersin agents, followed by a squeeze between ro lers, so that excess. of liquor is expressed, rendering subsequent rollin vup or other manipulation more easy.
  • e'aqueous solutions may be applied at any suitable temperatures and concentrations, but I have found the best results to be achieved with hot li uors at about (3., or, where the fabric W111 withstand themboiling temperatures.
  • the goods are preferably piled or rolled up to avoid evaporation and cooling and left for a number of hours, conveniently overnight in commercial working, then after this maturing period, scoured as desired, and dried, or passed direct to any such subsequent processing as dyeing or printing.
  • the impre nation process may be repeated in Wine case after scouring off the first time, the fabric is preferably dried in open width, as for instance on the well known continuous tentering machine, before the second impregnatlon.
  • the'process of the present invention is of especialvalue for treating fabrics made with or containing yarns or threads composed of or comprising filaments or fibres of cellulose all of which are hereinafter in the claims referred to as fabrics comprising organic substitution derivatives of cellulose acetate or other esters or ethers of cellulose, it may with'advantage be applied to fabrics made with or containing yarns or threads composed of or comprising other filaments are then passed III or fibres, for instance natural silk, artificial silks of the cellulosic type, (e. g. cuprammonium silk, viscose silk, nitrocellulose silk and the like), cotton, wool and so forth.
  • natural silk e. g. cuprammonium silk, viscose silk, nitrocellulose silk and the like
  • cotton wool and so forth.
  • Process for the treatment of fabrics comprising organic substitution derivatives of cellulose to render them less liable to develop faults, comprising impregnating the fabrics with strong aqueous solutions of dispersing agents and batching them for a predetermined time.
  • Process for the treatment of fabrics comprising cellulose acetate to render them less liable to develop faults, comprising impregnating the fabrics with aqueous solutions of dispersing agents of at least 10% strength.
  • Process for the treatment of fabrics comprising cellulose acetate to render them less liable to develop faults, comprising impregnating the fabrics with strong aqueous solutions of bodies of oily or fatty characteristics.
  • Process for the treatment of fabrics comprising cellulose acetate to render them less liable to develop faults, comprising impregnating the fabrics with aqueous solutions of at least 10%, strength of bodies of oily or fatty characteristics and batching them for a predetermined time.
  • Process for the treatment of fabrics comprising cellulose acetate to render them less liable to develop faults, comprising impregnating the fabrics with an aqueous solution of at least 10% strength of a sulphonated fatty acid compound and batching them for a predetermined time.
  • Process for the treatment of fabrics comprising cellulose acetate to render them less liable to develop faults, comprising impregnating the fabrics with strong aqueous solutions of Turkey red oil.
  • Process for the treatment of fabrics comprising cellulose acetate to render them less liable-to develop faults, comprising impregnating the fabrics with aqueous solutions of Turkey red oil of at least 10% strength and batching them for a predetermined time.
  • Process for the treatment of fabrics comprising cellulose acetate to render them less liable to develop faults, comprising impregnating the fabrics with a Turkey red oil solution of 415% fatty acid content, batching for a predetermined time and then scouring.

Description

Patented Oct. 2, 1928.
UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.
GEORGE HOLLAND ELLIS, F SPONDON, NEAR DERBY, ENGLAND, ASSIGNOR TO OELAN ESE CORPORATION OF AMERICA, A CORPORATION OF DELAWARE.
TREATMENT OF FABRICS.
No Drawing. Application filed December 3, 1926, Serial No. 152,515, and in Great Britain July 27, 1926.
This invention relates to the treatment of woven, knitted or other fabrics and especially fabrics made with or containing threads or yarns composed of or COIIIPIIS- ing filaments or fibres of cellulose acetate or other cellulose esters or cellulose ethers,-- for the purpose of rendering them less liable to or immune from development of faults caused through lack of cohesion or low ooefiicient of friction existing between the threads or yarns of the fabrics at their points of crossing or interlooping.
In the case of woven fabrics these faults are commonly referred to as slipping, the
i5 term indicating that stresses in usage or in processes subsequent to weaving cause the threads of one component (i. e. the warp or weft) to slip over those ofthe other and produce, at the point of slipping, uneven distribution of the warp threads or Weftthreads. The fault is least observable in closely woven fabrics having a high number of reed and pick, and is most likely to occur in fabrics with a small number of crossings (i. e. points of contact of warp and weft) per unit area.
In the case of circular knitted fabrics or other weft-knitted fabrics the fault is commonly known as laddering and is caused by a line or series of loops in the fabrics on breakage of a loop or thread) becoming drawn out of or slipping out of the adjacent loops through which they are threaded in the structure of the fabric, owing to lack of cohesion or low coefficient of friction at the points of contact of the loops, so that a ladder-like defect results; while in thecase of warp-knitted fabrics the fault is commonly known as splitting and vis produced by the fabric splitting continuously along a wale of the fabric without tearing if a cuthappens to be made lengthwise in the middle of the Wale in a direction towards the beginning of the fabric, such splitting being likewise due to lack of cohesion or low 'coefficient of friction existing between the threads of the fabric.
It has now been found that by subjecting woven, knitted or other fabrics,and especially fabrics made with or containingthreads or yarns composed of or comprising filaments or fibres of cellulose acetate or other process of the present invention, their tendency to develop the faults of the character referred to is greatly minimized or even eliminated.
The precise reason for the eiiicacy of the process of the present invention is not en tirely clear, but it may possibly be due to the penetrative or wetting out properties of the substances applied as hereinafter described, whereby the filament or fibre units.
of the yarns (by this penetration of the interstices as well as of their own substances) are possibly opened out and swollen in a manner which increases the binding power of the threads or yarns to produce a more resistant fabric.
According to the present invention, for the purpose referred to, Woven, knitted or other fabrics,-and especially fabrics made with or containing yarns or threads composed of or comprising filaments or fibres of cellulose acetate or other cellulose esters or cellulose e thers,are subjected to simple or repeated application, by impregnation with strong aqueous solutions or dispersions of one or more bodies known to have a solubilizing or dispersing power for water-insoluble or relatively water-insoluble dyestufis, that is to say a power of rendering waterinsoluble or relatively water-insoluble dyestuffs soluble or capable of high dispersion in water. In the subsequent description and claims such bodies are referred to as dispersing agents and their aqueous solutions and dispersions are referred to collectively oleic, stearic, palmitic, and the other higher fatty acids and sulphonated or other derivatives thereof containing salt-forming, groups (e. g. the sulpho group or the carboxyl group or both sulpho and carboxyl groups) and soluble salts of such acids or derivatives, for instance their alkali or ammonium salts or mixtures of two or more of such acids and/or derivatives and/or salts; for the sake of brevity all such acids, ,derivativcs and salts and mixtures are herein included in the term body-of oily or fatty characteristics.
Carbocyclic compounds containing in their structure one or more salt-forming groups (such as sulphonic, carboxyl or hydroxyl groups), whether the compound contains only one kind of these groups or different kinds of these groups at the same timeand sodium or other soluble salts of said compounds; or mixtures of any of such carbocyclic compounds and/or salts, or mixtures of one or more thereof with one or more of the aforesaid bodies of oily or fatty characteristics. As instances of said carbocyclic compounds and salts may be mentioned naphthenic acids, naphthene sulphonic acids, or other carboxylic or sulphonic acids of the cycloparafiins; henols, sulphonic acids, carboxylic acids, p enolsulphonic acids or other derivatives of the benzene, naphthalene or anthracene series containing one or more salt forming groups, or other derivatives of saturated or non-saturated cyclic hydrocarbons containin one or more salt-forming groups, and so ium or other soluble salts of any of these compounds.
Sulpho aromatic fatty acids, such for instance as sulpho-benzene stearic acid (Twitchell reagent), or derivatives thereof such as sulp'hophenol stearic acid, sulphonapthalene stearic acid, sulphobenzenericinoleic acid, sulphophenolricinoleic acid, sulphonaphthalene ricinoleic acid, or sodium or other soluble salts of such acids or derivatives, or mixtures of any of such and/or derivatives and/or salts.
Soluble resin soaps, or sodium or other soluble salts or soaps of resin acids.
For the purpose of the present invention it has been found that, of the dispersing agents hereinbefore referred to, the salts and the mixtures of the free acids or saltforming c'ompounds with the salts whether of the same or of different acids or salt forminglpompounds are especially useful. carrying out the process of the present invention the oods may be subjected to the impre ation y any suitable means, but I have mind the machine known as the pad ding mangle to be particularly suitable.
This a paratus provides for the passage of the fa ric' through the strong aqueous solution of. one or more dispersin agents, followed by a squeeze between ro lers, so that excess. of liquor is expressed, rendering subsequent rollin vup or other manipulation more easy. e'aqueous solutions may be applied at any suitable temperatures and concentrations, but I have found the best results to be achieved with hot li uors at about (3., or, where the fabric W111 withstand themboiling temperatures. .Further, I have found that the most favorable results are obtained when employing the dispersing agents in concentrations of over about 10%; andlthat especiall favorable results are obtained when emp oying, for the purpose of the present invention, aqueous I solutions or dis ersions of sodium or potassium salts of 0 eic, palmitic, stearic, ricinole1c or like fatty acids, or of the sulphatcd fatty acids such as the well known Turkey red oil of commerce, the last named being very effective.
After the impregnation and squeeze, the goods are preferably piled or rolled up to avoid evaporation and cooling and left for a number of hours, conveniently overnight in commercial working, then after this maturing period, scoured as desired, and dried, or passed direct to any such subsequent processing as dyeing or printing. The impre nation process may be repeated in Wine case after scouring off the first time, the fabric is preferably dried in open width, as for instance on the well known continuous tentering machine, before the second impregnatlon.
The following example of one practical form of execution will serve to illustrate how the invention ma be carried out, it being understood that this is given by way of lllustration only and is in no way limitative.
Example.
40 .kgr. of a fabric woven of artificial silk warp and weft (for instance cellulose acetate artificial silk) are impregnated in a padding mangle with a Turkey red oil solution of 45% fatty acid content. Thesqueeze rollers are applied so as to leave in the fabric about 20'kgr. of the solution which shows a temperature of 80v C. during the application. The fabric is batched or rolled up on a suitable roller and left overnight. T e next day the fabric is scoured in 0 en width in a solution of sodium oleate o 5 grams per litre strength at 75 C. for one hour, for example on the jigger machine familiar in the dyeing arts. It is afterwards well rinsed, hydro-extracted and dried on the continuous The impregnation process is reclip tenter.
b the maturing jected to the above described processes for preventive or ameliorative treatment in respect of this liability.
While the'process of the present invention is of especialvalue for treating fabrics made with or containing yarns or threads composed of or comprising filaments or fibres of cellulose all of which are hereinafter in the claims referred to as fabrics comprising organic substitution derivatives of cellulose acetate or other esters or ethers of cellulose, it may with'advantage be applied to fabrics made with or containing yarns or threads composed of or comprising other filaments are then passed III or fibres, for instance natural silk, artificial silks of the cellulosic type, (e. g. cuprammonium silk, viscose silk, nitrocellulose silk and the like), cotton, wool and so forth.
What I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is 1. Process for the treatment of fabrics to render them less liable to develop faults, comprising impregnating the fabrics with strong aqueous solutions of dispersing agents.
2. Process for the treatment of fabrics to render them less liable to develop faults, comprising impregnating the fabrics with aqueous solutions of dispersing agents of at least 10% strength.
3. Process for the treatment of fabrics comprising organic substitution derivatives of cellulose to render them less liable to develop faults, comprising impregnating the fabrics with strong aqueous solutions of dispersing agents.
4. Process for the treatment of fabrics comprising organic substitutions derivatives of cellulose to render them less liable to develo faults, comprising impregnating the fabrics with aqueous solutions of dispersing agents of at least 10% strength. i
5. Process for the treatment of fabrics comprising organic substitution derivatives of cellulose to render them less liable to develop faults, comprising impregnating the fabrics with strong aqueous solutions of dispersing agents and batching them for a predetermined time.
6. Process for the treatment of fabrics comprising organic substitution derivatives of cellulose to render them less liable to develop faults, comprising impregnating the fabrics with strong aqueous solutions of bodies of oily or fatty characteristics.
7 Process for the treatment of fabrics comprising organic substitution derivatives of cellulose to render them less liable to develo faults, comprising impregnating the fabrics with aqueous solutions of at least 10% strength of bodies of Oily or fatty characteristics and batching them for a predetermined time.
8. Process for the treatment of fabrics comprising organic substitution derivatives of cellulose to render them less liable to develo faults, comprising impregnating the fabrics with an aqueous solution of at least 10% strength of a sulphonated fatty acid compound and batching them for a predetermined time.
9. Process for the treatment of fabrics comprising cellulose acetate to render them less liable to develop faults, comprising impregnating the fabrics with strong aqueous solutions of dispersing agents.
10. Process for the treatment of fabrics comprising cellulose acetate to render them less liable to develop faults, comprising impregnating the fabrics with aqueous solutions of dispersing agents of at least 10% strength.
11.- Process for the treatment of fabrics comprising cellulose acetate to render them less liable to develop faults, comprising impregnating the fabrics with strong aqueous solutions of dispersing agents and batching them for a predetermined time. I
12. Process for the treatment of fabrics comprising cellulose acetate to render them less liable to develop faults, comprising impregnating the fabrics with strong aqueous solutions of bodies of oily or fatty characteristics.
13. Process for the treatment of fabrics comprising cellulose acetate to render them less liable to develop faults, comprising impregnating the fabrics with aqueous solutions of at least 10%, strength of bodies of oily or fatty characteristics and batching them for a predetermined time.
14. Process for the treatment of fabrics comprising cellulose acetate to render them less liable to develop faults, comprising impregnating the fabrics with an aqueous solution of at least 10% strength of a sulphonated fatty acid compound and batching them for a predetermined time.
15. Process for the treatment of fabrics comprising cellulose acetate to render them less liable to develop faults, comprising impregnating the fabrics with strong aqueous solutions of Turkey red oil.
16. Process for the treatment of fabrics comprising cellulose acetate to render them less liable-to develop faults, comprising impregnating the fabrics with aqueous solutions of Turkey red oil of at least 10% strength and batching them for a predetermined time.
17. Process for the treatment of fabrics comprising cellulose acetate to render them less liable to develop faults, comprising impregnating the fabrics with a Turkey red oil solution of 415% fatty acid content, batching for a predetermined time and then scouring.
In testimony whereof I have hereunto subscribed my name, this 12th day of November,
GEORGE HOLLAND ELLIS.
US152515A 1926-07-27 1926-12-03 Treatment of fabrics Expired - Lifetime US1686149A (en)

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GB18722/26A GB280989A (en) 1926-07-27 1926-07-27 Improvements in or relating to the treatment of fabrics

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2489252A (en) * 1944-04-11 1949-11-29 Anderson Roger Process of making orthopedic braces
US3870555A (en) * 1970-05-26 1975-03-11 Burlington Industries Inc Aryl stearic acid treated textiles

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2489252A (en) * 1944-04-11 1949-11-29 Anderson Roger Process of making orthopedic braces
US3870555A (en) * 1970-05-26 1975-03-11 Burlington Industries Inc Aryl stearic acid treated textiles

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Publication number Publication date
BE343505A (en)
FR637764A (en) 1928-05-08
GB280989A (en) 1927-11-28

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