US1683130A - Piezo-electric crystal-controlled oscillator - Google Patents

Piezo-electric crystal-controlled oscillator Download PDF

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US1683130A
US1683130A US155236A US15523626A US1683130A US 1683130 A US1683130 A US 1683130A US 155236 A US155236 A US 155236A US 15523626 A US15523626 A US 15523626A US 1683130 A US1683130 A US 1683130A
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circuit
electric crystal
crystal
filament
output
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US155236A
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Louis A Gebhard
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Wired Radio Inc
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Wired Radio Inc
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03B—GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
    • H03B5/00—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input
    • H03B5/30—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element being electromechanical resonator
    • H03B5/32—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element being electromechanical resonator being a piezoelectric resonator
    • H03B5/34—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element being electromechanical resonator being a piezoelectric resonator active element in amplifier being vacuum tube

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  • My invention relates broadly to high frequency signal transmission circuits and more particularly to an improved piezo electric crystal controlled oscillator circuit.
  • One of the objects of my invention is to provide a circuit arrangement for controlling the feedback of energy in a piezo electric crystal oscillator circuit for relieving the strain upon the crystal.
  • Another object of my invention is to provide means for obtaining maximum output from a piezo electric crystal in an electron tube oscillator circuit while maintaining minimum strain upon the crystal.
  • crystal controlled transmitter design it is desirable to arrange the circuits of the crystal oscillator to deliver as much useful energy output as is possible. This results in a reduction in the number of stages of amplification required for a certain output with the attendant economy in the number of tubes, condensers, coils and other apparatus; it simplifies the construction, manipulations and normal operation of a transmitter by reducing the number of controls to a minimum.
  • Reference character 1 represents the crystal disposed between plates 1 and 1" connected to the grid 6 and filament 8 of tube 4.
  • Meter 20 reads the alternating current through the crystal 1.
  • the tube is supplied with" a negative grid bias from source 3 through choke coil 2.
  • the tube filament 8 is lighted from source 10 controlled by rheostat 9.
  • Plate 7 of tube 8 is supplied by source 11 through choke coil 12; 13 is a plate byass condenser connecting the circuit inclu ing coil 17 and variable 0t udenser 18 to the tube. This latter circuit affords a proper output circuit for the tube.
  • Tap 16 and condenser 18 are adjusted to profgli; frequency as determined by crystal 1.
  • ey are adjusted .until the circuit is inductively reactive at the point just before it is to become purely resistive. Tap 15 is adjusted until maximum output is obtained. Ammeter 19 reads the current through the condenser 18 and aids in the adjustment of the circuit.
  • suflicient energy is fed over through the inter-element capacity 5 between plate 7 and grid 6 of tube 4 to support the losses in the crystal itself plus the energy necessar to control the grid-filament circuit whic in turn controls the plate-filament circuit to develop the variations in late voltage and current supporting oscillations in the output circuit.
  • the interelement capacity 5 is comparatively high. This results in a large feedback from output to crystal circuit and, therefore, large currents through the crystal 1.
  • the crystal will carry a certain current safely, but beyond this point it will be destroyed. There is a certain value of feedback which gives best output withlowest strain on the crystal. If the feedback is reduced beyond this point the circuit refuses to oscillate or at least to start oscillating. If the feedback is increased beyond this point the current through the crystal becomes eater which means unsafe operation. In or er to reduce the crystal current in this case the plate supply voltage from source 11 is reduced with a corresponding reduction in output.
  • M invention permits operation of the oscillator circuit at the optimum feedback with the use of different tubes and crystals bya control of the feedback. This is done by reducing the inter-element capacity 5 of tube 4 in its design to a point less than optimum value and then by variable capacity 14 increase it to the desired value.
  • the design of the tubes must be such that even in quantity production the inter-element capacity 5 will always be lower than the desired value.
  • a piezo electric crystal control system comprislng an electron tube having grid, filament and plate electrodes, an input circuit interconnecting said grid and filament electrodes, an output circuit interconnecting said plate and filament electrodes, an oscillatory circuit connected with said output circuit, a piezo electric crystal element connected in said input circuit and a variable condenser coupling said input and output circuits for maintaining the current through said piezo electric crystal element below a predetermined value for relieving the strain upon said piezo electric crystal element while sustaining oscillations at maximum amplitude and at the frequency of said piczo electric crystal element in saidoscillatory circuit.
  • a piezo electric crystal control circuit comprising an electron tube having grid,filament and plate electrodes, an inputcircuit interconnecting said grid and filament electrodes, an output circuit interconnecting said plate and filament electrodes, a source of potentialconnected in each of said circuits, a radio frequency choke coil disposed in series with said sources of potential in said input and output circuits, a piezo electric crystal device connected in said input circuit and in shunt with said choke coil.
  • an oscillatory circuit connected in shunt with said output circuit and across said choke coil and source of potential therein, and a variable condenser having its op o'site sides connected to one terminal of eac ofsaid choke coils for providing, a path for controlling the current between said input and output circuits and maintaining the. current through said piezo electric crystal device below a predetermined value while sustaining oscillations at the frequency of said pic'zo electric crystal device in said oscillatory circuit.
  • a piezo electric crystal control circuit an electron tube having grid, filament and plate electrodes, an input circuit interconnecting said grid and filament electrodes, an output circuit interconnecting said plate and filament electrodes, a piezo electric crystal device ground to a predetermined frequency characteristic and connected in said in ut circuit, an oscillatory circuit connected with said output circuit, and a. variable condenser connected across the 7 id and plate electrodes of said electron tu e supplementing the inter-element capacity of said tube for controlling the transfer of energy between said circuits and maintaining the current; through said piezo electric crystal device below a predetermined value for protecting said device against exoesive currents while oscillations of the frequency of said piezo electric crystal device are sustained in 7 said oscillatory circuit.
  • a plezo ill 33311383 said piczo electric crys v [Oficial Gazette October 25,- 1932.]
  • a piezo electric crystal control system comprislng an electron tube having grid, filament and plate electrodes, an input circuit interconnecting said grid and filament electrodes, an output circuit interconnecting said plate and filament electrodes, an oscillatory circuit connected with said output circuit, a piezo electric crystal element connected in said input circuit and a variable condenser coupling said input and output circuits for maintaining the current through said piezo electric crystal element below a predetermined value for relieving the strain upon said piezo electric crystal element while sustaining oscillations at maximum amplitude and at the frequency of said piczo electric crystal element in saidoscillatory circuit.
  • a piezo electric crystal control circuit comprising an electron tube having grid,filament and plate electrodes, an inputcircuit interconnecting said grid and filament electrodes, an output circuit interconnecting said plate and filament electrodes, a source of potentialconnected in each of said circuits, a radio frequency choke coil disposed in series with said sources of potential in said input and output circuits, a piezo electric crystal device connected in said input circuit and in shunt with said choke coil.
  • an oscillatory circuit connected in shunt with said output circuit and across said choke coil and source of potential therein, and a variable condenser having its op o'site sides connected to one terminal of eac ofsaid choke coils for providing, a path for controlling the current between said input and output circuits and maintaining the. current through said piezo electric crystal device below a predetermined value while sustaining oscillations at the frequency of said pic'zo electric crystal device in said oscillatory circuit.
  • a piezo electric crystal control circuit an electron tube having grid, filament and plate electrodes, an input circuit interconnecting said grid and filament electrodes, an output circuit interconnecting said plate and filament electrodes, a piezo electric crystal device ground to a predetermined frequency characteristic and connected in said in ut circuit, an oscillatory circuit connected with said output circuit, and a. variable condenser connected across the 7 id and plate electrodes of said electron tu e supplementing the inter-element capacity of said tube for controlling the transfer of energy between said circuits and maintaining the current; through said piezo electric crystal device below a predetermined value for protecting said device against exoesive currents while oscillations of the frequency of said piezo electric crystal device are sustained in 7 said oscillatory circuit.
  • a plezo ill 33311383 said piczo electric crys v [Oficial Gazette October 25,- 1932.]

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  • Oscillators With Electromechanical Resonators (AREA)

Description

Sent. 4, 1928. 1,683,130
L. A. GEBHARD PIEZO ELECTRIC CRYSTAL CONTROLLED OSCILLATOR Filed Dec. 16, 1926 1N VEN TOR.
lot/1's A. fieifiazzi,
BYWZM A TTORNEY Patented Sept. 4, 1928.
UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.
LOUIS A. GEBH ABD, OF WASHINGTON, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, ASSIGNOR TO WIRED RADIO, 1110., OF NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION OF DELAWARE.
PIEZO-EIJECTRIC CRYSTAL-CONTROLLED OSCILLATOR.
Application filed December 16, 1926. Serial No. 155,236.
My invention relates broadly to high frequency signal transmission circuits and more particularly to an improved piezo electric crystal controlled oscillator circuit.
One of the objects of my invention is to provide a circuit arrangement for controlling the feedback of energy in a piezo electric crystal oscillator circuit for relieving the strain upon the crystal.
Another object of my inventionis to provide means for obtaining maximum output from a piezo electric crystal in an electron tube oscillator circuit while maintaining minimum strain upon the crystal.
My invention will be more fully understood from the specification hereinafter following by reference to the accompanying drawing which shows diagrammatically the improved piezo electric crystal oscillator circult of my invention.
In crystal controlled transmitter design it is desirable to arrange the circuits of the crystal oscillator to deliver as much useful energy output as is possible. This results in a reduction in the number of stages of amplification required for a certain output with the attendant economy in the number of tubes, condensers, coils and other apparatus; it simplifies the construction, manipulations and normal operation of a transmitter by reducing the number of controls to a minimum.
.The drawing shows my improved crystal oscillator. Reference character 1 represents the crystal disposed between plates 1 and 1" connected to the grid 6 and filament 8 of tube 4. Meter 20 reads the alternating current through the crystal 1. The tube is supplied with" a negative grid bias from source 3 through choke coil 2. The tube filament 8 is lighted from source 10 controlled by rheostat 9. Plate 7 of tube 8 is supplied by source 11 through choke coil 12; 13 is a plate byass condenser connecting the circuit inclu ing coil 17 and variable 0t udenser 18 to the tube. This latter circuit affords a proper output circuit for the tube. Tap 16 and condenser 18 are adjusted to profgli; frequency as determined by crystal 1. ey are adjusted .until the circuit is inductively reactive at the point just before it is to become purely resistive. Tap 15 is adjusted until maximum output is obtained. Ammeter 19 reads the current through the condenser 18 and aids in the adjustment of the circuit.
In the operation of the crystal oscillator, suflicient energy is fed over through the inter-element capacity 5 between plate 7 and grid 6 of tube 4 to support the losses in the crystal itself plus the energy necessar to control the grid-filament circuit whic in turn controls the plate-filament circuit to develop the variations in late voltage and current supporting oscillations in the output circuit.
In present day commercial tubes the interelement capacity 5 is comparatively high. This results in a large feedback from output to crystal circuit and, therefore, large currents through the crystal 1. The crystal will carry a certain current safely, but beyond this point it will be destroyed. There is a certain value of feedback which gives best output withlowest strain on the crystal. If the feedback is reduced beyond this point the circuit refuses to oscillate or at least to start oscillating. If the feedback is increased beyond this point the current through the crystal becomes eater which means unsafe operation. In or er to reduce the crystal current in this case the plate supply voltage from source 11 is reduced with a corresponding reduction in output.
M invention permits operation of the oscillator circuit at the optimum feedback with the use of different tubes and crystals bya control of the feedback. This is done by reducing the inter-element capacity 5 of tube 4 in its design to a point less than optimum value and then by variable capacity 14 increase it to the desired value. The design of the tubes must be such that even in quantity production the inter-element capacity 5 will always be lower than the desired value.
By means of the adjustment 14, it is possible to obtain maximum output from a given crystal with minimumstrain upon the crystal with tubes of various inter-element capacities.
It is possible to make crystals which are poor oscillators give a fair output and in some cases make crystals. oscillate which would not do so without the adjusting condenser 14 and with a tube of low inter-element capacity.
While I have described a preferred embodiment of my invention, I desire that it be understood that modifications may be made and that no limitations upon my invention are intended other than are imposed by the see of the appended claims.
t I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is as follows: 1
1. A iezo electric crystal control system comprislng an electron tube having grid, filament and plate electrodes, an input circuit interconnecting said grid and filament electrodes, an output circuit interconnecting said plate and filament electrodes, an oscillatory circuit connected with said output circuit, a piezo electric crystal element connected in said input circuit and a variable condenser coupling said input and output circuits for maintaining the current through said piezo electric crystal element below a predetermined value for relieving the strain upon said piezo electric crystal element while sustaining oscillations at maximum amplitude and at the frequency of said piczo electric crystal element in saidoscillatory circuit.
2. A piezo electric crystal control circuit comprising an electron tube having grid,filament and plate electrodes, an inputcircuit interconnecting said grid and filament electrodes, an output circuit interconnecting said plate and filament electrodes, a source of potentialconnected in each of said circuits, a radio frequency choke coil disposed in series with said sources of potential in said input and output circuits, a piezo electric crystal device connected in said input circuit and in shunt with said choke coil. and a source of potential therein, an oscillatory circuit connected in shunt with said output circuit and across said choke coil and source of potential therein, and a variable condenser having its op o'site sides connected to one terminal of eac ofsaid choke coils for providing, a path for controlling the current between said input and output circuits and maintaining the. current through said piezo electric crystal device below a predetermined value while sustaining oscillations at the frequency of said pic'zo electric crystal device in said oscillatory circuit.
3. In a piezo electric crystal control circuit, an electron tube having grid, filament and plate electrodes, an input circuit interconnecting said grid and filament electrodes, an output circuit interconnecting said plate and filament electrodes, a piezo electric crystal device ground to a predetermined frequency characteristic and connected in said in ut circuit, an oscillatory circuit connected with said output circuit, and a. variable condenser connected across the 7 id and plate electrodes of said electron tu e supplementing the inter-element capacity of said tube for controlling the transfer of energy between said circuits and maintaining the current; through said piezo electric crystal device below a predetermined value for protecting said device against exoesive currents while oscillations of the frequency of said piezo electric crystal device are sustained in 7 said oscillatory circuit.
- LOUIS A. GEBHABD.
DISCLAIMER 1,es3,130.L0m;s A. Gebhard,
TROLLED Oscnmuroa.
Washington, Patent dated Sep D. C. [Pmzo-Enacrsrc CnYs'rAL-Uom tcmber 4, 1928. Disclaimer filed October 1, 1932, by the assignee, Wired Radw, Inc.
Hereby enters a disclaimer to claim l of said patent,
words, to wit:
1. A plezo ill 33311383 said piczo electric crys v [Oficial Gazette October 25,- 1932.]
which is the following electric ci 'ystalcontrol system'comprising anelectron tube having grid, filament and plate electrodeaan'input, circuit interconnecting said electrodes, an output circuitinterconnecting said circuit connected with said output circuit, a piezo electric crystal element in said input circuit and a variable condenser ut circuits for maintaining the current through said piezo electric below a'predctermined value for relieving the strain u element while sus oscillations at maximum amp element in said oscillatory circuit,
grid and filament late and filament electrodes, an
coupling said inp'ut and outstal element on said iezo ectric crystal tude an at the frequency of bodiment of my invention, I desire that it be understood that modifications may be made and that no limitations upon my invention are intended other than are imposed by the see of the appended claims.
t I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is as follows: 1
1. A iezo electric crystal control system comprislng an electron tube having grid, filament and plate electrodes, an input circuit interconnecting said grid and filament electrodes, an output circuit interconnecting said plate and filament electrodes, an oscillatory circuit connected with said output circuit, a piezo electric crystal element connected in said input circuit and a variable condenser coupling said input and output circuits for maintaining the current through said piezo electric crystal element below a predetermined value for relieving the strain upon said piezo electric crystal element while sustaining oscillations at maximum amplitude and at the frequency of said piczo electric crystal element in saidoscillatory circuit.
2. A piezo electric crystal control circuit comprising an electron tube having grid,filament and plate electrodes, an inputcircuit interconnecting said grid and filament electrodes, an output circuit interconnecting said plate and filament electrodes, a source of potentialconnected in each of said circuits, a radio frequency choke coil disposed in series with said sources of potential in said input and output circuits, a piezo electric crystal device connected in said input circuit and in shunt with said choke coil. and a source of potential therein, an oscillatory circuit connected in shunt with said output circuit and across said choke coil and source of potential therein, and a variable condenser having its op o'site sides connected to one terminal of eac ofsaid choke coils for providing, a path for controlling the current between said input and output circuits and maintaining the. current through said piezo electric crystal device below a predetermined value while sustaining oscillations at the frequency of said pic'zo electric crystal device in said oscillatory circuit.
3. In a piezo electric crystal control circuit, an electron tube having grid, filament and plate electrodes, an input circuit interconnecting said grid and filament electrodes, an output circuit interconnecting said plate and filament electrodes, a piezo electric crystal device ground to a predetermined frequency characteristic and connected in said in ut circuit, an oscillatory circuit connected with said output circuit, and a. variable condenser connected across the 7 id and plate electrodes of said electron tu e supplementing the inter-element capacity of said tube for controlling the transfer of energy between said circuits and maintaining the current; through said piezo electric crystal device below a predetermined value for protecting said device against exoesive currents while oscillations of the frequency of said piezo electric crystal device are sustained in 7 said oscillatory circuit.
- LOUIS A. GEBHABD.
DISCLAIMER 1,es3,130.L0m;s A. Gebhard,
TROLLED Oscnmuroa.
Washington, Patent dated Sep D. C. [Pmzo-Enacrsrc CnYs'rAL-Uom tcmber 4, 1928. Disclaimer filed October 1, 1932, by the assignee, Wired Radw, Inc.
Hereby enters a disclaimer to claim l of said patent,
words, to wit:
1. A plezo ill 33311383 said piczo electric crys v [Oficial Gazette October 25,- 1932.]
which is the following electric ci 'ystalcontrol system'comprising anelectron tube having grid, filament and plate electrodeaan'input, circuit interconnecting said electrodes, an output circuitinterconnecting said circuit connected with said output circuit, a piezo electric crystal element in said input circuit and a variable condenser ut circuits for maintaining the current through said piezo electric below a'predctermined value for relieving the strain u element while sus oscillations at maximum amp element in said oscillatory circuit,
grid and filament late and filament electrodes, an
coupling said inp'ut and outstal element on said iezo ectric crystal tude an at the frequency of
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2440269A (en) * 1944-09-20 1948-04-27 Berthal W Hargrove Tunable oscillator

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2440269A (en) * 1944-09-20 1948-04-27 Berthal W Hargrove Tunable oscillator

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