US1680550A - Signaling system - Google Patents

Signaling system Download PDF

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Publication number
US1680550A
US1680550A US117047A US11704726A US1680550A US 1680550 A US1680550 A US 1680550A US 117047 A US117047 A US 117047A US 11704726 A US11704726 A US 11704726A US 1680550 A US1680550 A US 1680550A
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United States
Prior art keywords
relay
winding
armature
vibrating
circuit
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US117047A
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English (en)
Inventor
Mark B Kerr
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AT&T Corp
Original Assignee
Bell Telephone Laboratories Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bell Telephone Laboratories Inc filed Critical Bell Telephone Laboratories Inc
Priority to US117047A priority Critical patent/US1680550A/en
Priority to DEE35790D priority patent/DE503514C/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US1680550A publication Critical patent/US1680550A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L25/00—Baseband systems
    • H04L25/38—Synchronous or start-stop systems, e.g. for Baudot code
    • H04L25/40—Transmitting circuits; Receiving circuits
    • H04L25/44—Transmitting circuits; Receiving circuits using relay distributors

Definitions

  • This invention relates to transmission systems, and more particularly to systems adapted for long telegraph lines such as submarine cables and the like.
  • An object of the invention is to improve telegraph or other transmission systems by enabling an increase in the speed at which signal currents may be sent over the line without detrimental effects upon the messa e.
  • the signaling currents areso reduced in strength by the action of the resistance, electrostatic capacity and inductance of the line, that the speed of transmission is limited to that at which the short pulses, after being amplified at the receiving end of the line, are just strong enough to operate a line relay which is utilized for the purpose of regenerating the pulse currents so as to effect a complete registration of the -message.
  • the effect of the attenuation of such lines on these transmitted signals is to reduce the amplitude of the short pulses to a greater extent .than the long ones. It has been proposed heretofore to employ vibrating relays controlled from the'distributor at the receiving station to supply pulses which may be lost-in transmission.
  • Fig. 1 shows the vibrating relay circuit including the two sets of segmented receiving rings at the receiving distributor
  • Fig. 2 shows curves representing the polarities of the signal or message impulses as transmitted andthe changes which these pulses undergo during transmission, regeneration and registration.
  • the receiving apparatus at station X which is connected by submarine telegraph cable 10 to a. distant station (not shown).
  • Each station is provided with a special rotary distributor which is arranged to rotate in synchronism in accordance with practice well known in the art.
  • the distributor at station X only the receiving section is shown and this section is shown in part only as representing the segmentsof one channel.
  • cable 10 is shown connected to the input circuit of a space discharge or other type of amplifier.
  • an amplifier signalrelay 11 of the circuit which comprises a set of segmented rings 30 of the receiving distributor, line, or vibrating, relay 17, and auxiliary vibrat ing relay 20.
  • Relays 17 and 20 are of the unbiased polarized type and are arranged to be so interconnected through the set of vibrating relay segmented rings 30, that each controls the energizing circuit of the other to cause the armature of each to execute one cycle of movement during each two signal intervals provided no outof-phase signaling impulses of sufiicient strength to control the vibration, are incomin over the line.
  • the movement of the vi rating relay armature controls the printer through the unbiased olarized printer relay 33-.
  • the armature of relay 33 vibrates in synchronism with the vibrating relay armature to impress positive and negative potentials alternately upon the printer magnets 41 to 45 inclusive, through the receiving rings 40, duringsucoessive signaling intervals," providing the operation is not modified by incoming line impulses.
  • the polarities of the pulses efi'ected .by relay 33 will always correspond tov those eflected by relays 17 and 11.
  • ⁇ Vhen relay 11 responds to a long pulse incoming over the line, the circuit is closed through the holding winding of relay 1-7 and the relay is so arranged that the current therethrough predominates over that which may be flowing through the vibrating winding at the same time, and the vibration of the armature of relay 17 is checked, the armature resting against the contact corresponding in polarity to that of the incoming pulse and remaining in such position until the end of the pulse when the vibrations are resumed. In this way the short pulses which are lost in the transmission are replaced by these alternate impulses of positive and negative polarity in their respective positions in the signal combinations, and therefore a com- 'plete record of the signals as transmitted, is
  • Section 30 consists of two rings, both divided into segments, which are adapted to be bridged by brush 38, and set 10, likewise consisting of' two rings, has one ring continuous and .the other segmented, both rings being bridged by brush 39.
  • Brushes 38and 39 are secured to an arm (not shown) which is arranged to be continuously rotated by means of a motor (also not shown).
  • the ring 28 is divided into fifty equal segments, ten "of which are shown as representing one channel; .Ring 27 forming part of set 30 with ring 28 is divided into a hundred segments of two different lengths, the odd numbered segments representing those of the long length and the even numbered segments likewise connected alternately and arranged in two groups, one group being connected to a winding of relay 17, and the other to the winding of relay 20.
  • segments of ring 27 are arran ed so that their centers are located on radial lines with the centers of their respectively adjacent segments of ring 28.
  • the ring set 40 which constitutes the receiving rings proper, has its continuous ring 29 connected to the armature of printer relay 33 and its segmented ring 31 which is divided into fifty equal parts, is arranged to have its even numbered segments connected to the selector magnets of live printers, the magnets of only one printer being shown in the drawing which is sullicient for the puriose of describing the invention.
  • the od numbered segments of ring 31 are dead and serve as buffers to permit a positive break between the successive pulses to the selector magnets.
  • relay 17 then closes a circuit extending fromthe positive pole of battery 23, positive contact and armature of relay 17, conductors 22 and 32, through winding of rinter relay 33, conductor 51, to the negative pole of battery 23.
  • Relay 33 operates and connects the positive pole of battery 37 to conductor 46, but inasmuch as segment 1 of ring 31 is dead and brush 39 is assing over this segment, the printer circuit extending over conductor 46 is open and the first pulse through the winding of relay 33 is ineffective at this time.
  • ⁇ Vhen brush 38 in rotating, bridges segments 3 and 2 of rings 27 and 28 respectively, a circuit is closed through the winding of relay 20 and this circuit may be traced from the positive pole of battery 23, positive contact and armature of relay 17, conductor 22, segments 3 and 2 interconnected by brush 38, conductor 47, through the winding of relay 20 to the nega tive pole of battery 23.
  • Relay 20 now operates and moves its armature into connection with its negative contact.
  • l/Vhile brush 38 is passing over and bridging segments 3 and 2
  • brush 39 isbridging the continuous ring 29 and segment 2 of ring 31, and since the operation of relay 17 had caused the operation of relay 33, the circuit prepared.
  • Relay 33 operates and reverses the position of its armature to connect the negative pole of battery 36 to continuous ring 29, but since bridge 39 is bridging dead segment 3 and the continuous ring, no pircuit is completed.
  • bridge 38 reaches segments 7 and 4 of their respective rings 27 and 28, the circuit closed at this time extends from the positive pole of battery 24. through the winding of relay 20, conductor 47, segments 4 and 7 conductor 22, armature and negative contact of relay 17 to the negative pole of battery 24.
  • Relay 20 operates for the second time and its armature is positioned against the positive contact.
  • magnet 42 does not oper'atein this circuit because similar polarities exist at the opposite ends of the circuit.
  • the minimum strength of the'current impulses in the vibrating relay is set by means of rheostat 26 to be just strong enough to operate the" relay 17 when the signal loop 49 is open. Vith this arrangement the vibrating impulses control the operation of relay 17 only when the signal loop is open.
  • the vibrating impulses will be in synchronism with the unit impulses of the signals received from the line or cable, provided, of course, that brush 39 is in synchronism with such signals. It is clear then that if any of the unit length impulses of the received signals are dropped out by the failure of the amplifier signal 'relay 11 to make contact on either side, there will always be a vibrating pulse flowing in the vibrating winding 19of relay 17 at the same instant so as to cause relay 17 to operate and re-ins'ert such pulses.
  • relay 17 resulting from the combined control of the holding and the vibrating windings actually reproduce the signals as they were originally sent out from the distant sending distributor and these signals are: sent to the printer through relay 33, where a record is made to show the completed signal combinations as originally transmitted.
  • Fig. 2 there is shown a series of curves representing the currents in the various circuit arrangements shown in Fig. 1, together with the polarities of the signals as actually transmitted and then as reproduced at the receiving station to operate the printer.
  • the horizontal lines which form a partof the gridiron shown represent the zero of the respective currents
  • the vertical lines mark oii' along the zero lines the signal intervals, each interval being shown in halves in order to indicate the curbed portion of each of the signals transmitted from the distant ofiice.
  • Curve A represents the current polarities of a number of arbitrarily selected signals which are transmitted from the sending segments of the distributor at the distant-oilice. It will be noted that here are shown seven signals, but it is understood that the first five constitute a message character for the channel to which printer is adapted. It will also be noted that these signals consist. of individual current impulses of positive and negative polarity separated from each other by spaces or time intervals equal to the length of the pulses, during which the cable is earthed. In accordance with the curbing characteristic of submarine cable transmission whereby it has been found that if the cable is earthed for one half of each signal, the outgoing pulses upon arriving at the receiving end will be much less distorted.
  • This curbing is provided for at the sending distributor by furnishing two segments for each signal interval, the second segment being grounded so 'as to check thecurrent flow through the second half of each interval.
  • the polarity of the first current impulse is positive; that of the second, negative; third and fourth, positive; fifth and sixth, negative; and the seventh, positive.
  • the pulses of the first, second, and seventh signals intervals are of the short type and those of the third and fourth, and fifth and sixth are of the long type.
  • Curve B represents the current flow in holding winding 18 of relay 17, shown in Fig. 1, effected by-the operation of relay 11.
  • the long pulses are amplified suiliciently to-operate relay 11 and therefore no current is received in winding 18 during the intervals in which the short pulses of alternate polarities are being transmitted.
  • curve B shows a continuous impulse transmitted into winding 18 "for each of the longer transmitted impulses in curve A. This is due to the characteristic of the received signaling impulses that flow in the windings of relay 11 from the output of the amplifier.
  • the earthed intervals between the individual impulses of the outgoing curbed signals are obliterated during transmission and the received signals appear as continuous waves.
  • Curves C and D show the nature of the current impulses flowing through vibrating winding 19 of relay 17 and the winding of relay 20 respectively. These impulses are shorter in point of time than those shown in curve A because the live se ments shown in F ig. 1 are corres ondingly s iortcr than those of the sending istributor at the distant office.
  • curve B the first long pulse to be received in winding 18 begins during the third signal interval. Therefore the vibrating circuit including relays 17 and 20 has control over the printer relay and is consequently furnishing to the printer short impulses of alternate polarities in place of those which are lost in transmission during the first and second intervals.
  • curve C the current passing through vibrating winding 19'of relay 1?
  • curve F the pulseswhich correspond to the signals as originally transmitted and which are received on the selector magnets of the printer.
  • the center portion of each unit impulse of the received signals is made effective for selection, so that any chatter I onrelay contacts or other irregularities in the signals'may not cause false operation of the selector magnets in the printer.
  • curve F represents the portions of the signals as shown in curve .13 which actuate the printer selector magnets.
  • the length of these impulses is determined by the length of the receiving distributor segments 31 and is usually made equal to one half the length of the unit signaling impulses.
  • an incomni transmissionline and a relay comprising a ine winding, an armature, ourrentsupply contacts cooperating therewith, and a local clrcuit w1nd1ng arranged to produce a magnetic effect on saldlarmature sufficient to cause the movement thereof, a continually rotating distributor, an auxiliary relay, an armature therefor, an operating winding arranged to produce a magnetic effeet.
  • a long transmission line an amplifier for the signal current impulses incoming over said line, a polar signal relay non-responsive to the incoming pulses of unit length but responsive to the amplified pulses of two or more units length, an armature and cooperating current supply contacts, an unbiased polar vibrating rela having a holding and a local vibrating win ing, an armature, and cooperating current supply contacts, a continually rotating distributor, an energizing circuit for said holding winding including the armature and either of said contacts of said signal relay but independent of said distributor, controlled by said signal relay and arranged to control said vibrating relay, an unbiasedv polar auxiliary relay having a local ,winding, an armature and cooperating current supply contacts, an energizing circuit for each of the local windings of the unbiased relays extending through the distributor, a current supply contact and the armature of the other relay, said circuits being alternately completed by the rotation of the distributor whereby the armatures of said
  • a polar relay comprisin an armature and current supply contacts 0 opposite polarities non-responsive to the amplified incoming pulses of unit upon the polarity of the incoming pulse, a
  • a distributor comprising two segmented rings and arotating brush interconnecting said rings, and a local vibrating circuit comprising two polarized relays and said segmented rings arranged when energized to provide pulse currents of unit length and of alternate polarities, the first mentioned circuit when energized being adapted to control said vibrating circuit independently of said dislfi tributor and to substitute the incoming pulses of two or more units length for the local pulses of unit length.
  • a long transmis- SlOIl line an amplifier for signal current impulses received over said line, a polar signal relay responsive to only amplified incoming pulses of two or more units length, an armature and cooperating current supply contacts of opposite polarities, said armature being adapted to engage either of said contacts in accordance with the polarity of the incoming pulse, a polar vibratin relay having a vibrating and a holding win ing, an armature and current supply contacts of opposite polarities cooperating therewith, an energizmg signal circuit comprising the armature and contacts of said si al relay and the holding winding of sai vibrating relay, a polar auxiliary relay having a vibrating winding, an armature and current supply contacts of opposite polarities, a distributor comprising two segmented rings and a rotating brush adapted for interconnecting said rings, a printer, and a local vibrating circuit including said vibrating windings and said segmental rings

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Control Of Direct Current Motors (AREA)
  • Accessory Devices And Overall Control Thereof (AREA)
  • Relay Circuits (AREA)
US117047A 1926-06-19 1926-06-19 Signaling system Expired - Lifetime US1680550A (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US117047A US1680550A (en) 1926-06-19 1926-06-19 Signaling system
DEE35790D DE503514C (de) 1926-06-19 1927-06-10 Telegraphenanlage mit Zeichenwiederherstellung unter Verwendung synchron laufender Verteiler, eines Empfangsrelais, welches auf stark gedaempfte Stromstoesse von kurzer Dauer nicht anspricht, und eines Hauptrelais

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US117047A US1680550A (en) 1926-06-19 1926-06-19 Signaling system
GB14293/27A GB296131A (en) 1927-05-27 1927-05-27 Improvements relating to cable telegraphy

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US1680550A true US1680550A (en) 1928-08-14

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ID=10038548

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US18126D Expired USRE18126E (en) 1927-05-27 Phone labqsatokies
US117047A Expired - Lifetime US1680550A (en) 1926-06-19 1926-06-19 Signaling system

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US18126D Expired USRE18126E (en) 1927-05-27 Phone labqsatokies

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (2) US1680550A (de)
DE (1) DE503514C (de)
FR (1) FR637328A (de)
GB (1) GB296131A (de)

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB296131A (en) 1928-08-27
USRE18126E (en) 1931-07-07
DE503514C (de) 1930-07-24
FR637328A (fr) 1928-04-27

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