US1678889A - Thermostatic material - Google Patents

Thermostatic material Download PDF

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Publication number
US1678889A
US1678889A US55890A US5589025A US1678889A US 1678889 A US1678889 A US 1678889A US 55890 A US55890 A US 55890A US 5589025 A US5589025 A US 5589025A US 1678889 A US1678889 A US 1678889A
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United States
Prior art keywords
alloy
iron
elements
cobalt
expansion
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Expired - Lifetime
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US55890A
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Victor G Vaughan
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Westinghouse Electric Corp
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Westinghouse Electric Corp
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Priority to US55890A priority Critical patent/US1678889A/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01K5/00—Measuring temperature based on the expansion or contraction of a material
    • G01K5/48—Measuring temperature based on the expansion or contraction of a material the material being a solid
    • G01K5/56—Measuring temperature based on the expansion or contraction of a material the material being a solid constrained so that expansion or contraction causes a deformation of the solid
    • G01K5/62—Measuring temperature based on the expansion or contraction of a material the material being a solid constrained so that expansion or contraction causes a deformation of the solid the solid body being formed of compounded strips or plates, e.g. bimetallic strip
    • G01K5/64—Details of the compounds system
    • G01K5/66—Selection of composition of the components of the system
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H37/00—Thermally-actuated switches
    • H01H37/02—Details
    • H01H37/32—Thermally-sensitive members
    • H01H37/52—Thermally-sensitive members actuated due to deflection of bimetallic element
    • H01H2037/526—Materials for bimetals
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/125—Deflectable by temperature change [e.g., thermostat element]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12937—Co- or Ni-base component next to Fe-base component
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12944—Ni-base component
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12951—Fe-base component
    • Y10T428/12972—Containing 0.01-1.7% carbon [i.e., steel]

Definitions

  • VICTOR G VAUGHAN, OF EAST PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSAIGNOR TO WESTING- HOUSEELECTRIC & MANUFACTURING COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF PENNSYL- VANIA.
  • Another object of my invention is to provide an element for a bimetallie thermostat that shall have a, relatively high modulus of elasticity, which shall remain substantiallyl I ployed in thermostatic elements for use in relatively low temperature are well-known, such as iron and brass. However, when such metals are subjected to relatively high temperatures, they soon loose their original .operating characteristics and fail to respondto changes of temperature,"and the device therefore becomes useless. I have found that an alloy of cobalt and iron, in Varying proportions, may be employed as one of the metallic elements in a bimetallic thermostat,
  • the relative proportions of cobalt and 'iron employed in the-alloy may vary widely. I may employ as low as 10% of cobalt, or I may employ as high as 80 to 90% of cobalt. Iron will constitute the other main ingredient of the alloy, although chromium, tungsten, or molybdenum may be added in relatively small quantities for increasing the modulus of elasticity of the alloy at 'high temperatures. The resulting alloy has a lower expansivity but a much higher modulus of elasticity at high temperatures than is possessed by Monel metal, which latter is an alloy now frequently employed in bimetallie thermostats, and its elastic strength is greater than that of Monel metal. 'lhe temperature coeflicient of elastic modulus of the alloy is also reduced relatively to that of Monel metal.
  • a curve designated by 11 in the drawing illustrates the temperature coefficient ot' expansion of a cobalt iron alloy between the temperatures of zero and approximately 600 C.
  • a curve 12 illustrates the temperature coefficient of expansion of a nickel-steel alloy containing approximately 42% of nickel.
  • the nickel-steel alloy has a very much lower temperature coefficient of expansion at temperatures from substantially zero to 300,0 C. than the cobalt iron alloy, but its temperature coeicient of expansion increases at v temperatures above 350 C. and becomes but slightly less than that of the cobalt iron alloy.
  • a temperature range of from substantially zero to 300 C. is to be conis relatively high as compared to that ot other metals or alloys heretofore employed in bimetallic thermostats, such as Monel operating temperatures, and this Will compensate for the somewhat smaller coefficient of expansion that such an alloy possesses relatively to some of 'the other metals or alloys used for this kind of Work.
  • the elastic strength of the alloy is increased and the temperture coefficient of elastic modulus is decreased, making it possible to operate the temperature responsive device employing such an element at relatively high temperature.
  • a heat responsive device comprising metallic elements, one of sai/d elements being an alloy comprising cobalt and iron, and theother element being nickel steel.
  • a heat responsive device comprising metalli-e elements, one of said elements being an alloy comprising cobalt and iron, and the other element being a reversible nickel steel.
  • a heat responsive device comprising metallic elements having different temperature expansivities, the high expansion element being an alloy comprising cobalt and iron, the percentage of cobalt being less than the percentage of iron, and the 10W expansion element being an alloy of nickel and iron.
  • a heat responsive device comprising metallic elements having different coefficients of expansie-n, one of said elements being an alloy of cobalt, iron and a metal of the chromium group and the other of said elements being a nickel-iron alloy.
  • a heat responsive device comprising metallic element-s having different temperature coefficients of expansion, one of said elements being an alloy of cobalt, iron and a metal of the chromium group, the percentage of the cobalt and iron being greater than the percent-age of the metal ci the chromium group and the other of said elements being an alloy of nickel andiron. 6.
  • a heat responsive device comprising metallic elements having different' coefficients of expansion,A one of said elements being an alloy of cobalt and iron and of a small percentage of a metal for increasing the elastic strength thereof at a relatively high temperature and the other of said elements bein g an alloy of nickel and iron.
  • a heat responsive device comprising metallic elements having different coelicients of expansion, one of said elements being an 'alloy of cobalt and iron and of a small percentage of a metal for reducing the temperature coeflicient of elastic modulus and the other of said elements being a reversible nickel steel.
  • a heat responsive device comprising metallic elements having different coeficients of expansion,.one of said elements being an alloy having a higher modulus of elasticity than Monel metal and the other of said elements being a reversible nickel steel.
  • a heat responsive device comprising metallic elements having dilerent coefficients of expansion, one of said elements being an iron alloy having a higher modulus of elasticity than Monel metal and the other of said elements being a nickel-iron alloy.
  • a temperature responsive device comprising metallic elements having different coefficients of expansion, one of said element-s being an alloy having substantially the same temperature expansivity as, and/a higher modulus of elasticity than, Monel metal and the other of said elements being a nickel-iron allo A Iii7 testimony whereof, I have hereunto subscribed my name this 29th day of August,

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Details Of Measuring And Other Instruments (AREA)

Description

Patented July 3i, 1928.
UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.
VICTOR G. VAUGHAN, OF EAST PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSAIGNOR TO WESTING- HOUSEELECTRIC & MANUFACTURING COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF PENNSYL- VANIA.
THERMOSTATIC MATERIAL.
Application led September 12, 1925. Serial No. 55,890.
be composed of material capable of being'v subjected to relatively high temperatures.
ior
Another object of my invention is to provide an element for a bimetallie thermostat that shall have a, relatively high modulus of elasticity, which shall remain substantiallyl I ployed in thermostatic elements for use in relatively low temperature are well-known, such as iron and brass. However, when such metals are subjected to relatively high temperatures, they soon loose their original .operating characteristics and fail to respondto changes of temperature,"and the device therefore becomes useless. I have found that an alloy of cobalt and iron, in Varying proportions, may be employed as one of the metallic elements in a bimetallic thermostat,
' and that it will continue to operate properly even when subjected to temperatures of the order of 300o C. or higher for long periods of time. f
The relative proportions of cobalt and 'iron employed in the-alloy may vary widely. I may employ as low as 10% of cobalt, or I may employ as high as 80 to 90% of cobalt. Iron will constitute the other main ingredient of the alloy, although chromium, tungsten, or molybdenum may be added in relatively small quantities for increasing the modulus of elasticity of the alloy at 'high temperatures. The resulting alloy has a lower expansivity but a much higher modulus of elasticity at high temperatures than is possessed by Monel metal, which latter is an alloy now frequently employed in bimetallie thermostats, and its elastic strength is greater than that of Monel metal. 'lhe temperature coeflicient of elastic modulus of the alloy is also reduced relatively to that of Monel metal.
Other metallic ingredients, such as nickel, may also be present, but the amounts will be so small that they-may be considered as being impurities only. The relative percentages of iron and of cobalt are to be determined more particularly with regard to certain operating characteristics that it is desired that the thermostat elements possess upon it-s incorporation in a bimetallic member. Thus, when the percentage of iron is much greater than that of cobalt,"the alloy may be easily worked, will be cheaper, but will not be so well able. to withstand higher temperatures. On the other hand, if the amount of cobalt is much greater than the amount of iron, the alloy, i
will possess a high temperature expansivity and will be better able to withstand higher temperatures but it will be more expensive and somewhat harder to work.
A curve designated by 11 in the drawing illustrates the temperature coefficient ot' expansion of a cobalt iron alloy between the temperatures of zero and approximately 600 C.
A curve 12 illustrates the temperature coefficient of expansion of a nickel-steel alloy containing approximately 42% of nickel. The nickel-steel alloy has a very much lower temperature coefficient of expansion at temperatures from substantially zero to 300,0 C. than the cobalt iron alloy, but its temperature coeicient of expansion increases at v temperatures above 350 C. and becomes but slightly less than that of the cobalt iron alloy. Where a temperature range of from substantially zero to 300 C. is to be conis relatively high as compared to that ot other metals or alloys heretofore employed in bimetallic thermostats, such as Monel operating temperatures, and this Will compensate for the somewhat smaller coefficient of expansion that such an alloy possesses relatively to some of 'the other metals or alloys used for this kind of Work. As the modulus of elasticity is greater than, say that of Monel metal, a predetermined difference in expansivity will result in larger stresses and produce a greater deflection of the thermostat than when some other metal or an alloy such as Mo-nel metal, is used as one of the elements in a temperature responsive device.
The elastic strength of the alloy is increased and the temperture coefficient of elastic modulus is decreased, making it possible to operate the temperature responsive device employing such an element at relatively high temperature.
Any desired method of manufacturing a bimetallic member comprising the two hereinbefore mentioned alloys may be employed, and as such methods of manufacture or the method of construction of thermostatic members constitutes no part of my present invention, no detailed description thereof is here given.
While. I have shown a curve of expansion coeflicients having nickel steel alloy as the low expansion member of a. thermostatic element, I do not desire to be limited to the nickel-.steel alloy, as my invention relates more particularly to the use of a cobalt-iron alloy, with relatively small quantities of a metal of the chromium group as addition elements for increasing' the strength and modulusl of elasticity thereof, and it is evident that it may be employed with any other suitable alloy or metal having a different coefficient of eipansion, and with Which it can be properly united and to Which it can be properly secured, to 'provide the usual bimetallic member.
Various modifications and changes may be made in the device e-mbodying my invention Without departing from the spirit and scope thereof, and I desire that only such limitations shall be placed thereon as are imposed by the prior art.
I claim as my invention:
1. A heat responsive device comprising metallic elements, one of sai/d elements being an alloy comprising cobalt and iron, and theother element being nickel steel. I
2. A heat responsive device comprising metalli-e elements, one of said elements being an alloy comprising cobalt and iron, and the other element being a reversible nickel steel.
3. A heat responsive device comprising metallic elements having different temperature expansivities, the high expansion element being an alloy comprising cobalt and iron, the percentage of cobalt being less than the percentage of iron, and the 10W expansion element being an alloy of nickel and iron.
4:. A heat responsive device comprising metallic elements having different coefficients of expansie-n, one of said elements being an alloy of cobalt, iron and a metal of the chromium group and the other of said elements being a nickel-iron alloy.
5. A heat responsive device comprising metallic element-s having different temperature coefficients of expansion, one of said elements being an alloy of cobalt, iron and a metal of the chromium group, the percentage of the cobalt and iron being greater than the percent-age of the metal ci the chromium group and the other of said elements being an alloy of nickel andiron. 6. A heat responsive device comprising metallic elements having different' coefficients of expansion,A one of said elements being an alloy of cobalt and iron and of a small percentage of a metal for increasing the elastic strength thereof at a relatively high temperature and the other of said elements bein g an alloy of nickel and iron.
7. A heat responsive device comprising metallic elements having different coelicients of expansion, one of said elements being an 'alloy of cobalt and iron and of a small percentage of a metal for reducing the temperature coeflicient of elastic modulus and the other of said elements being a reversible nickel steel. l
8. A heat responsive device comprising metallic elements having different coeficients of expansion,.one of said elements being an alloy having a higher modulus of elasticity than Monel metal and the other of said elements being a reversible nickel steel.
9. A heat responsive device comprising metallic elements having dilerent coefficients of expansion, one of said elements being an iron alloy having a higher modulus of elasticity than Monel metal and the other of said elements being a nickel-iron alloy.
10. A temperature responsive device comprising metallic elements having different coefficients of expansion, one of said element-s being an alloy having substantially the same temperature expansivity as, and/a higher modulus of elasticity than, Monel metal and the other of said elements being a nickel-iron allo A Iii7 testimony whereof, I have hereunto subscribed my name this 29th day of August,
vIeToR e. vAeHAN.-
US55890A 1925-09-12 1925-09-12 Thermostatic material Expired - Lifetime US1678889A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3804602A (en) * 1971-11-12 1974-04-16 Continental Can Co Cobalt alloy steel composite article

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3804602A (en) * 1971-11-12 1974-04-16 Continental Can Co Cobalt alloy steel composite article

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