US1672979A - Loaded conductor - Google Patents
Loaded conductor Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US1672979A US1672979A US741041A US74104124A US1672979A US 1672979 A US1672979 A US 1672979A US 741041 A US741041 A US 741041A US 74104124 A US74104124 A US 74104124A US 1672979 A US1672979 A US 1672979A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- conductor
- coating
- loading
- finely divided
- iron
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
- H01B13/28—Applying continuous inductive loading, e.g. Krarup loading
- H01B13/285—Applying continuous inductive loading, e.g. Krarup loading by extrusion
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B11/00—Communication cables or conductors
- H01B11/02—Cables with twisted pairs or quads
- H01B11/12—Arrangements for exhibiting specific transmission characteristics
- H01B11/14—Continuously inductively loaded cables, e.g. Krarup cables
- H01B11/146—Continuously inductively loaded cables, e.g. Krarup cables using magnetically loaded coatings
Definitions
- This invention relates to loaded conductors, and more especially to such conductors known as continuously loaded conductors.
- An object is thel production of a continuously loaded conductor which will be efficient in service and economical to manufacture.
- a further objectof this invention is to provide an electrical 'conductor which will transmit signalsy over a Wide range of frequencies with lsmall attenuation, and to 1mprove upon known conductors of the continuously loaded type, particularly where relatively light loading is required, for the transmission of higher frequency Waves such as are used in carrier systems.
- conduct-ors have been continuously loaded by wrapping magnetic material in the form of a tape or wire about the conductor.
- Another method consists in impregnating .the insulating material such as gutta pere-ha, etc., with iron filings.
- This second method While increasing the inductance reduces the electrical resistance of the insulation to such an extent that the loss through such insulation tends to neutralize the gain effected by the increased inductance.
- the present invention contemplates increasing the inductance by applying to the conductor a coating of finely divided magnetic material and at the same time maintaining the resistance of the insulation of the conductor.
- the magnetic material to be used for this purpose should be in a finely divided condition. Its degree of fineness may approach the colloidal condition but should not be so fine as to reduce the amount of effective magnetic material, due to oxidation, so far as to limit the loading effect. If it is desired to use colloidal iron, special precautions should be taken to rotect the iron particles from excessive oxi ation.
- Iron which serves this purpose quite satisfactorily may be produced byv decomposing ferrous oxalate. This is reduced by hydrogen at a temperature of about 300 C. and the resulting finely divided iron is protected .from oxidation by immediately immersing it in an inert liquid.
- a nickel iron alloy known as permalloy has also been reduced to a fineness suitable for this purpose and may be used instead of pure iron in certain cases.
- Fig. l shows a portion of a finished conductor in accordance with the invention, partially dissected for; illustrative purposes, and Fig. 2 illustrates a method ot' applying the loading material to the conductor.
- the iron, permalloy and other suitable finely divided ma netic material is preferably mixed with a sultable binder, such as shellac,varnish, enamel, etc., the mixture being indicated at 4.
- a sultable binder such as shellac,varnish, enamel, etc.
- Pressure is applied to this mixture in any suitable manner as by a worm 6, and as the conductor 1 is drawn through the orifice in the direction of the arrow, the loading material is extruded under pressure and b means of the dies 5 is formed into a contlnuous coating 2 on the conductor.
- the subsequent treatment of the conductor will depend upon the binder used, and such treatment may consist of ordinary drying, or in the case of some enamels, baking at a suitable temperature may be necessary.
- the conductor is glven a coating of insulating material to make it suitable for use in a cable which may consist of a number of such conductors. It will in general be advisable to pass a demagnetizing current through the conductor to remove any magnetic bias due to the aligning current.
- a conductor comprising a, conducting core having applied thereto a coating containing loading in the form of iron-particles of a degree of fineness approaching the colloidal condition.
- a conductor for the transmission of electrical signals comprising a core, a coating of loading material in the form of finely divided magnetic material and a second coating of insulating material.
- An electrical conductor comprising a core, a coating of loading material consisting of finely divided magnetic materlal mixed with a binder and a further coating of flexible insulating material.
- An electrical conductor having a continuous loading comprising a coating of linely divided magnetic material completely surrounding a metallic core and extending its entire length with an insulating material completely covering said rst coating.
- a conductor for the transmission of electrical signals comprising a conductor core, a coating of finely divided magnetic I vmaterial, the magnetic particles of which have been aligned by the passa e of electric current through the core, an over this a second coating of insulating material.
- a conductor comprising a core having applied thereto a binder containing viron particles for loading said conductor, said particles being of a degree of neness approaching the colloidal condition, said'binder being adapted to be applied in a lfluid state.
- the method of loading a conductor which consists in applying to the core a binder in a fluid state containing iron Yparticles of a degree of fineness approaching the colloidal condition, and thereafter hardening the binder.
Description
June l2. 1928. A1,672,979
W. FONDILLER LOADED CONDUCTOR Filed Oct. l, 1924 /n vemor: Wil/iam Fndi//er by H.
Patented June 12, 1928i.
` UNITED STATES 1,672,979 PATENT OFFICE.
WILLIAM FONDILLER, OF YONKERS, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR TO WESTERN ELECTRIC COMPANY, INCORPORATED, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.
LOADED CONDUCTOR.
Application led October 1, 1924. Serial No. 741,041.
This invention relates to loaded conductors, and more especially to such conductors known as continuously loaded conductors.
An object is thel production of a continuously loaded conductor which will be efficient in service and economical to manufacture.
A further objectof this invention is to provide an electrical 'conductor which will transmit signalsy over a Wide range of frequencies with lsmall attenuation, and to 1mprove upon known conductors of the continuously loaded type, particularly where relatively light loading is required, for the transmission of higher frequency Waves such as are used in carrier systems.
Heretofore, conduct-ors have been continuously loaded by wrapping magnetic material in the form of a tape or wire about the conductor. Another methodconsists in impregnating .the insulating material such as gutta pere-ha, etc., with iron filings. This second method While increasing the inductance reduces the electrical resistance of the insulation to such an extent that the loss through such insulation tends to neutralize the gain effected by the increased inductance.
The present invention contemplates increasing the inductance by applying to the conductor a coating of finely divided magnetic material and at the same time maintaining the resistance of the insulation of the conductor. An advantage of using finely divided magnetic material for continuously loading conductors is that this method limits eddy currents to a point where they are not objectionable even at carrier frequencies of 25,000 cycles or higher.
The magnetic material to be used for this purpose should be in a finely divided condition. Its degree of fineness may approach the colloidal condition but should not be so fine as to reduce the amount of effective magnetic material, due to oxidation, so far as to limit the loading effect. If it is desired to use colloidal iron, special precautions should be taken to rotect the iron particles from excessive oxi ation.
Iron which serves this purpose quite satisfactorily may be produced byv decomposing ferrous oxalate. This is reduced by hydrogen at a temperature of about 300 C. and the resulting finely divided iron is protected .from oxidation by immediately immersing it in an inert liquid.
A nickel iron alloy known as permalloy has also been reduced to a fineness suitable for this purpose and may be used instead of pure iron in certain cases.
In the accompanying drawings forming a part of this specification, Fig. l shows a portion of a finished conductor in accordance with the invention, partially dissected for; illustrative purposes, and Fig. 2 illustrates a method ot' applying the loading material to the conductor.
Referring to Fig. 1, a portion of the bare conductor is shown at 1. Applied over this is a coating of loading material 2 consisting of finely divided magnetic material over which is applied the installation coat-ing 3.
Referring to Fig. 2, the iron, permalloy and other suitable finely divided ma netic material is preferably mixed with a sultable binder, such as shellac,varnish, enamel, etc., the mixture being indicated at 4., Pressure is applied to this mixture in any suitable manner as by a worm 6, and as the conductor 1 is drawn through the orifice in the direction of the arrow, the loading material is extruded under pressure and b means of the dies 5 is formed into a contlnuous coating 2 on the conductor.
The subsequent treatment of the conductor will depend upon the binder used, and such treatment may consist of ordinary drying, or in the case of some enamels, baking at a suitable temperature may be necessary.
Previous to the drying operation, a heavy direct current is sent through the conductor. The purpose of this is to align the magnetic articles in the direction of the magnetizing orce and thereby increase the permeability of the coating.
After the coating of magnetic material is applied, the conductor is glven a coating of insulating material to make it suitable for use in a cable which may consist of a number of such conductors. It will in general be advisable to pass a demagnetizing current through the conductor to remove any magnetic bias due to the aligning current.
What is claimed is:
1. A conductor comprising a, conducting core having applied thereto a coating containing loading in the form of iron-particles of a degree of fineness approaching the colloidal condition.
2. A conductor for the transmission of electrical signals, comprising a core, a coating of loading material in the form of finely divided magnetic material and a second coating of insulating material.
3. An electrical conductor comprising a core, a coating of loading material consisting of finely divided magnetic materlal mixed with a binder and a further coating of flexible insulating material.
4. An electrical conductor having a continuous loading comprising a coating of linely divided magnetic material completely surrounding a metallic core and extending its entire length with an insulating material completely covering said rst coating.
5. A conductor for the transmission of electrical signals comprising a conductor core, a coating of finely divided magnetic I vmaterial, the magnetic particles of which have been aligned by the passa e of electric current through the core, an over this a second coating of insulating material.
- 6. A conductor comprising a core having applied thereto a binder containing viron particles for loading said conductor, said particles being of a degree of neness approaching the colloidal condition, said'binder being adapted to be applied in a lfluid state.
7. The method of loading a conductor which consists in applying to the core a binder in a fluid state containing iron Yparticles of a degree of fineness approaching the colloidal condition, and thereafter hardening the binder.
8. The method of loading aconductor comprising reducing the magnetic loading material to a finely divided state, mixing said finely divided material with a binder in a iluid state, and extruding the mixture upon the conductor. y
9. The method of loading a conductor which comprises reducing magnetic material to a inel divided state and. applying the finely divided magnetic material to the surface of the conductor under pressure.
In witness whereof, I hereunto subscribe my name this 23 day of September A. D.,
i WILLIAM FONDILLER.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US741041A US1672979A (en) | 1924-10-01 | 1924-10-01 | Loaded conductor |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US741041A US1672979A (en) | 1924-10-01 | 1924-10-01 | Loaded conductor |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US1672979A true US1672979A (en) | 1928-06-12 |
Family
ID=24979123
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US741041A Expired - Lifetime US1672979A (en) | 1924-10-01 | 1924-10-01 | Loaded conductor |
Country Status (1)
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US (1) | US1672979A (en) |
Cited By (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2756394A (en) * | 1953-07-14 | 1956-07-24 | Hackethal Draht & Kabelwerk Ag | Delay cables |
DE973758C (en) * | 1942-06-16 | 1960-07-07 | Philips Nv | Process for the production of a sintered soft magnetic ferrite core containing zinc ferrite |
DE975863C (en) * | 1949-02-02 | 1962-11-08 | Siemens Ag | Process for the production of homogeneous magnetizable cores from powder particles |
US3191132A (en) * | 1961-12-04 | 1965-06-22 | Mayer Ferdy | Electric cable utilizing lossy material to absorb high frequency waves |
US3765843A (en) * | 1971-07-01 | 1973-10-16 | Tyco Laboratories Inc | Growth of tubular crystalline bodies |
US4079192A (en) * | 1973-06-12 | 1978-03-14 | Bernard Josse | Conductor for reducing leakage at high frequencies |
US4539433A (en) * | 1982-11-24 | 1985-09-03 | Tdk Corporation | Electromagnetic shield |
US4757297A (en) * | 1986-11-18 | 1988-07-12 | Cooper Industries, Inc. | Cable with high frequency suppresion |
US4920233A (en) * | 1988-08-23 | 1990-04-24 | Cooper Industries, Inc. | Audio cable |
US6091025A (en) * | 1997-07-29 | 2000-07-18 | Khamsin Technologies, Llc | Electrically optimized hybird "last mile" telecommunications cable system |
US6239379B1 (en) | 1998-07-29 | 2001-05-29 | Khamsin Technologies Llc | Electrically optimized hybrid “last mile” telecommunications cable system |
US6684030B1 (en) | 1997-07-29 | 2004-01-27 | Khamsin Technologies, Llc | Super-ring architecture and method to support high bandwidth digital “last mile” telecommunications systems for unlimited video addressability in hub/star local loop architectures |
US20040194996A1 (en) * | 2003-04-07 | 2004-10-07 | Floyd Ysbrand | Shielded electrical wire construction and method of manufacture |
US20050006131A1 (en) * | 2003-07-10 | 2005-01-13 | Matahiro Komuro | Electromagnetic insulation wire, and method and apparatus for manufacturing the same |
CN109592145A (en) * | 2018-11-21 | 2019-04-09 | 衡阳市光纤技术产学研管理有限公司 | The core packaging facilities of cable |
-
1924
- 1924-10-01 US US741041A patent/US1672979A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (18)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE973758C (en) * | 1942-06-16 | 1960-07-07 | Philips Nv | Process for the production of a sintered soft magnetic ferrite core containing zinc ferrite |
DE975863C (en) * | 1949-02-02 | 1962-11-08 | Siemens Ag | Process for the production of homogeneous magnetizable cores from powder particles |
US2756394A (en) * | 1953-07-14 | 1956-07-24 | Hackethal Draht & Kabelwerk Ag | Delay cables |
US3191132A (en) * | 1961-12-04 | 1965-06-22 | Mayer Ferdy | Electric cable utilizing lossy material to absorb high frequency waves |
US3765843A (en) * | 1971-07-01 | 1973-10-16 | Tyco Laboratories Inc | Growth of tubular crystalline bodies |
US4079192A (en) * | 1973-06-12 | 1978-03-14 | Bernard Josse | Conductor for reducing leakage at high frequencies |
US4539433A (en) * | 1982-11-24 | 1985-09-03 | Tdk Corporation | Electromagnetic shield |
US4757297A (en) * | 1986-11-18 | 1988-07-12 | Cooper Industries, Inc. | Cable with high frequency suppresion |
US4920233A (en) * | 1988-08-23 | 1990-04-24 | Cooper Industries, Inc. | Audio cable |
US6091025A (en) * | 1997-07-29 | 2000-07-18 | Khamsin Technologies, Llc | Electrically optimized hybird "last mile" telecommunications cable system |
US6241920B1 (en) | 1997-07-29 | 2001-06-05 | Khamsin Technologies, Llc | Electrically optimized hybrid “last mile” telecommunications cable system |
US6684030B1 (en) | 1997-07-29 | 2004-01-27 | Khamsin Technologies, Llc | Super-ring architecture and method to support high bandwidth digital “last mile” telecommunications systems for unlimited video addressability in hub/star local loop architectures |
US6239379B1 (en) | 1998-07-29 | 2001-05-29 | Khamsin Technologies Llc | Electrically optimized hybrid “last mile” telecommunications cable system |
US20040194996A1 (en) * | 2003-04-07 | 2004-10-07 | Floyd Ysbrand | Shielded electrical wire construction and method of manufacture |
US20040200634A1 (en) * | 2003-04-07 | 2004-10-14 | Midcon Cables Co., Llc | Shielded electrical wire construction and method of manufacture |
US20050006131A1 (en) * | 2003-07-10 | 2005-01-13 | Matahiro Komuro | Electromagnetic insulation wire, and method and apparatus for manufacturing the same |
US7202416B2 (en) * | 2003-07-10 | 2007-04-10 | Hitachi Cable, Ltd. | Electromagnetic insulation wire, and method and apparatus for manufacturing the same |
CN109592145A (en) * | 2018-11-21 | 2019-04-09 | 衡阳市光纤技术产学研管理有限公司 | The core packaging facilities of cable |
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