US1670757A - Apparatus for the electrical transmission of pictures - Google Patents

Apparatus for the electrical transmission of pictures Download PDF

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Publication number
US1670757A
US1670757A US119089A US11908926A US1670757A US 1670757 A US1670757 A US 1670757A US 119089 A US119089 A US 119089A US 11908926 A US11908926 A US 11908926A US 1670757 A US1670757 A US 1670757A
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United States
Prior art keywords
cell
cells
picture
light
laminae
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US119089A
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English (en)
Inventor
Bronk Otto Von
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication of US1670757A publication Critical patent/US1670757A/en
Priority claimed from GB784930A external-priority patent/GB356760A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N3/00—Scanning details of television systems; Combination thereof with generation of supply voltages
    • H04N3/10—Scanning details of television systems; Combination thereof with generation of supply voltages by means not exclusively optical-mechanical
    • H04N3/12—Scanning details of television systems; Combination thereof with generation of supply voltages by means not exclusively optical-mechanical by switched stationary formation of lamps, photocells or light relays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J17/00—Gas-filled discharge tubes with solid cathode
    • H01J17/38—Cold-cathode tubes
    • H01J17/48—Cold-cathode tubes with more than one cathode or anode, e.g. sequence-discharge tube, counting tube, dekatron
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J31/00—Cathode ray tubes; Electron beam tubes
    • H01J31/08—Cathode ray tubes; Electron beam tubes having a screen on or from which an image or pattern is formed, picked up, converted, or stored
    • H01J31/10—Image or pattern display tubes, i.e. having electrical input and optical output; Flying-spot tubes for scanning purposes
    • H01J31/12—Image or pattern display tubes, i.e. having electrical input and optical output; Flying-spot tubes for scanning purposes with luminescent screen
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N3/00—Scanning details of television systems; Combination thereof with generation of supply voltages
    • H04N3/10—Scanning details of television systems; Combination thereof with generation of supply voltages by means not exclusively optical-mechanical
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J2893/00—Discharge tubes and lamps
    • H01J2893/007—Sequential discharge tubes

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the electrical plates between which is arranged a dielectransmission of pictures and more particu tric, being double refracting under the inlarly to means for carrying out the same -fluence of electrical voltages. Care is taken,
  • any moment ofthe series of picture ele-' 70 rier waves nor in very effective light'control ments travels over the whole surface of the at the receiving station by means of the picture and accordingly decomposes the picmodern high frequency and amplifying deture into small area elements 'or units. vices.
  • FIG. 3 represents diagrammatically the manner in which the picture transmitted is divided into elements
  • Figure 4 represents diagrammatically a control cell 3 or 4 in Figure 1 composed of oscillating crystal layers, together with their circuit connections;
  • Figure 5 represents a modified form of the 8 represent diagrammatitical layers, the cell 4 with horizontal layers and the analyzer 5 of the Kerr cell and are brought to a focus7 by means of the lens 6.
  • the photo-cell indicated by a rectangle around focus 7.
  • This photo cell is located in an electric circuit, not shown in Figure 1, and transforms the light vibrations into electrical variations of current in the usualmanner, so that the latter may be transmitted also in known manner by means of conductors or without wires to the receiving station.
  • the decomposition of-the picture 1 into individual point-beams of light acting in succession on the photo-electric cell is effected by providing a passage for the light between the separate layers of the cell by means of suitable electrical control of the 4 layers of the cellin sequence.
  • the successivemuch greater velocity than through sive opening up of the paths for the light through the cell 4 is however effected with 3 so that for each release of one light passage through one layer in the cell 3, all the passages through cell 4 are opened successively through one. layer after th'e'other in the cell '4. Electricity affords a means of carrying out this process in a fraction of a second.
  • a similar arrangement of the two control cells 3 and 4 as shown in Figure 1 is provided, as has already been mentioned, at the receiving station.
  • the difl'erence between this and the transmitting station consists solely in arranging at the receiving end a source of light, (for example a point filament-tungsten-lamp)' at the focus 7 of the lens 6 instead of a'photo-cell and by conthe cell trolling its light intensity by the photo-cur rents received from the transmitter.
  • a source of light for example a point filament-tungsten-lamp
  • Kerr cell may for instance E be arranged at the point 7 at the receiving station to act as such alight influencing device and would of course have the usual -form of construction as in this case it only has'to control the intensity of a strong source of light by means of the photo-currents arriving from the transmitting station.
  • the rays of light thus altered in intensity at the polnt 7 of the receiving station arerendered parallel by the lens 6 and pass through the Nicol prism 5 which, in the receiving station acts as polarizer.
  • the rays then pass through the two cells 4 and 3 and the Nicol prism 2 which now acts as the analyzer and so reaches the arrow 1 which then -represents the screen.
  • the point of intersection between the horizontal and vertical layers has at any moment at the receiving station always the same relative position as that at the transmitting station and consequently only allows the intensities of light corre- .sponding to that particular point in the original picture to reach the receiving screen.
  • the polarizers or analyzers 2 and 5 consist preferably not of the natural calc-spar but of artificial crystals of Chile saltpeter (sodium nitrate) which are very suitable and can be produced in large suitable pieces.
  • Figure 2 shows the electrical connections of one of the two control cells 3 or 4 with a source of alternating current when the Kerr effect is used for controlling the cell.
  • the group of parallel lines represents the cell.
  • One set of condenser plates 0 is in this case conductively connected directly with one pole of the source of alternating current W.
  • a conductor leads from the other pole 1 latesof" the last mentioned ment of the control voltage depends onthe.
  • inductive resistances are inserted in the leads to the condenser p ates in addi-- tion to the ohmic resistances.
  • the light controlling cells need not be arranged exactly. at right angles to one another but it may be of advantage to cross the cells at an oblique an le.
  • the picture received is then compose of elementary units as shown in Figure 3 in which the individual surface elements have -a rhombic .shape.
  • the voltages applied to the plates is r uire v v :It has] already been mentioned that other electro-optical effects can be used instead of the Kerrefiect for controlling the decompos- 35 ing' cell, for example, oscillating crystals can be used instead of. the nitro-benzole of the Kerr cell.
  • the oscillations set up by the oscillating circuit 8 of thermionic tube generator 9 are led to the two coatings 10 and 11 of the crystal cell by means 0 the coupling between the coatings are of different lengths as can be seen from the drawing. and consequently have difi'erent natural vibrations.
  • the individual crystals 5. 12 will, as can be seen from the foregoing, be brought. in succession into natural oscillation so that a control of the tals can be effected and utilized according to the invention.
  • v The same control takes place in the second cell, which according to Fig. 1 is arranged at right angles to the first, the only difference being that the naturaloscillation's of the crystals and accordingly the control frequencies may be chosen from a different range, and are cyclically applied to the second cell at a rate which is a multiple of the cyclic frequency er re- 1 applied sequentially to the first cel c.
  • Quartz has been found tobe the best piezoelectrieal crystal substance for the cells whichdeoompose the picture.
  • Anisotropic :rdystals of this have however the dis- 1 vantage that they polu'ize' chromatically, Q30
  • the two decomposing cells are, according to the present invention, constructed so that the chromatic polarization of the one cell is counteracted by the other cell.
  • This can be obtained, for example, by assembling the horizontal crystal system of laevo-rotatory quartz elements, and the vertical crystal system of dextro-rotary quartz elements as is diagrammatically shown by the arrows in Figure 6.
  • An arrangement of this type shows no chromatic alteration of the white light passing through and allows of a complete extinction and lighting-up of the field of view.
  • a further step may be taken by using a coherent or continuous anisotropic crystal, for example a quartz prism converting the whole breadth of the picture, instead of the individual crystal laminae. It is only essential in this case that the crystal structure be such that the individual parallel layers of the crystal can be set in different natural oscillations similarly as in a prism which has been built up.
  • a coherent or continuous anisotropic crystal for example a quartz prism converting the whole breadth of the picture
  • a piezo-electric crystal may also be used instead of a Kerr cell at point 7 of the receiving station Figure 1 for the light control for differentiating the light intensity value of the individual points of the picture by suitably damping the natural oscillation of the crystal either by pressure or by cementing on an iso-tropic medium (glass).
  • variable control frequencies are demodulated at the receiving station in a manner well known in radio telephony, for example by using a rectifier.
  • Figure 7 shows the picture transmitter and Figure 8 the picture receiver.
  • a back coupled thermionic tube generator 31 which supplies the carrier Wave to the aerial 32 connected therewith is used at the source for producing undamped oscillations.
  • the modulating tube 33 which serves to influence the short carrier waves produced by the thermionic tube 31 is located in theanode circuit of the thermionic tube generator 31.
  • 34 and 35 are two additional thermionic tube generators, in the oscillating circuits of which are located rotating condensers 36 and 37.
  • the two tube generators 34 and 35 together with their variable condensers 36 and 37 providethe variable control frequencies necessary for the two cells 38 and 39, which, as can-be seen from the drawings, are coupled respectively with the oscillating circuits of the two generators 34 and. 35 through the'coils 10 and 11.
  • the control frequencies pro-- means of the two transformers 42 and 43 on the control grids of the modulating thermionic tube 33 which serves to modulate the carrier wave of the transmitter 31.
  • the modulation is however simultaneously altered as can be seen from the drawing, by the photo-cell 14 in such a way that when this cell is obscured from the light rays of the picture to be transmitted and its resistance isinfinitely high, no modulation is effected, whilst when the photo-cell is illuminated the modulating currents are more or less altered according to the degree of illumination.
  • the carrier wavemodulated in this manner arrives at the receiving aerial 19 shown diagrammatically in Figure 8 and is demodu ted or rectified in the detector circuit 20.
  • a control of thetwo "cells 38 and 39 which s effected synchronously with-the control of the two cells 38 and 39 of the transmitter in Figure7 can-then be effected by means of two transformers 21 and 22.
  • the two cells 38 and 39 of the transmitter are completely opened and closed by the controlling action of the two generators 34 and 35 the opening in the case of the cells -'38 *-and 39 of the receiver in Figure 8 is under the control of the control frequency effected by the photo-cell '14.
  • polarizer 25 are not only affected trolling action of modulator tube 33 the varying current intensities roduc in photo cell 14 by the varying 1 ht intensities, within t e scope of vt e present invention. 1
  • means for decomposing and respectively re-composing the picture having a light controlling cel of a transparent laminated medium variable as to its optical properties in accordance with the frequency of electric potentials applied thereto, each of the'laminae being responsive to .a different frequency', and means within the range to which the group of laminae'contained in the cell is responsive.
  • means for de-composing and respectively re-composing the picture having a light controlling cell consisting of a plurality of thin laminae of an optically variable dielectric arranged between electrodes and doubly retracting under the influence of electric potentials applied to said electrodes, and means for varyin the optical character of said laminae in continuous succession through all of said laminae.
  • havin alight controlling cell consistin of a plurality of thin laminae of a medium variable as to its optical prop,- erties in accordance with the frequency of electric potentials applied thereto, each of said laminae having a different dimension and being accordingly responsive to a different fre uency, means for hpplying electric potentia s to said laminae and means for varying in continuous cycles the frequencies of said potentials ,within the frequency range to which the particulargroup of laminae is responsive.
  • means for de-composing and respectively re-composing the picture comprising two light controlling cells arranged behind each other in the path of the light rays which compose the picture, each cell consisting of a plurality of thin laminae of a transparent medium variable as to its optical properties by the application of anelectric potential, the lamination of both cells being in the direction of the light rays, the lamination of one cell being inclined at an angle to the lamination in the other cell; and means for varying the optical properties of the laminae in said cells in continuous cyclic succession.
  • means for de-composing and respectively re-composing thepicture comprising two light controlling cells arranged behind each other in the path of the light rays which compose the picture, each cell consisting of a plurality of thin laminae of a transparent medium variable as to its optical properties by the application of an electric potential of a particular'fre quency, each lamina respondingto a difierent frequency,
  • means for die-composing and respectively re-composing the picture comprising two light controlling cells arrange-d behind each other in the path of the light rays which compose the picture,- each cell consisting of a. plurality of thin laminae of a transparent medium variable as to its optical properties by the application of an electric potential, the. lamination of both cells being in the direction of the light rays, the lamination of one cell being inclined at right an les to the lamination in the other cell, and means for varying the optical properties of the lamina: in said cells in continuous cyclic succession.
  • means for tie-composing and respectively re-composing the picture comprising two light controlling cells arranged bchind each other in the path of the li ht rays which compose the picture, each ce 1 consisting of a plurality of thin laminae of a transparent medium variable as to its optical properties by the application of an electric potential, the lamination of both cells being in the direction of the light rays, the lamination.
  • means for de-composing and respectively re-composing the icture comprisingtwo light controlling cel s arranged behind each other in the path of the light rays which compose the picture each cell consisting of a plurality of thin laminae of a transparent medium variable as to its optical properties by the application of an electric potential, the lamination of both cells bei the light rays, the lam km the direction of nation of one cell beinginclined at ail-angle to thelaminat-ion in theother cell, and means for varying the properties of the lamina: J in continuous cyclic succession, the'rm edium of which the laminae of one cell are composed being laevo-rotar'y quartz, andthat of which the laminae of the other. cell.are, composed being dextro-rotary. quartz.-; a
  • said cells i trollin thin laminae-of a transparent medium variable as to its optical properties by the application of an electric potential of a particular frequency, each lamina responding to a different frequency, the lamination of both cells being inthe direction of the light rays and" the lamination of one cell being lnclined at an angle to thelamination in the other cell,
  • Y time unit a means forapplying in continuous cycles to each cell all frequencies within the range to which the group of laminae contained in the cell is responsive, the number of cycles per plied'to one-cell being a multiple ofnthe num r of cycles applied to the other ce 14.
  • means for de-composing and respectively re-com- I posing the picture comprising light controlling cells, each cell consisting of a plurality of thin lamina of a transparent medium variable as to its optical operties' by the application of an electrigl potential, and means for varying said properties in continuous succession throu h all of said'laminae vin each cell said cells belng disposed between an optical 'polarizer and an analyzer.
  • means for de-composing and respectively re-composing the picture comprising light controlling cells, each cell consisting of a plurality of thin laminae-of a transparent medium variable as to itsoptical 'roperties by the application of an electrica potential, and means for varying said properties in continuous succession through all of said laminae in each cell said cells being disposed between two artificial crystals of sodium nitrate serving as optical polarizers and analyzers.
  • means for de-composing and respectively re-composing the picture comprising a pair of light controlling cells each at the transmitting and at t e receiving station, each cellconsisting of a lurality of'thin laminae of -'a' trans: parent, medium variable as to its optical properties by the application'of an electric potental, and means for varying said properties in continuous succession through all of said laminae in each cell, the cells at the DC'vin station l transmitting station servingjto de-compose the picture into individualelements and. the cells at the receiving station serving to re compose it, and means for synchronously controlling the application of electric poten-- this to said cells 'at the transmitting and re- 17.. nan apparatus for the electrical trans.-
  • means for decomposing and respectively 're-composing the picture comprising corresponding light controlling cells each at the transmittin and at the receiving station, of a pluralityof thinlaminae of a transpar- 4 cut medium variable as to'its optical properties in accordance with the frequency of electric potential applied thereto, each each cell consisting laminabeing res nsive to a d1fi'erent m frequency, means or applying in continuous succession to each cell the frequencies group of laminae contained in the cell is responsive, and electric connection between said stations e0 including a carrier wave generated at the transmitting" station and modulated in accordance with the control frequencies applied to the cell at that station, for applying corre-' sponding control frequencies synchronously 86 to the corresponding cells at the receiving station.
  • combination light control cells'at the transmit- 90 ting station each consisting of laminated elements, of a transparent medium whose optical properties are variablein accordance with articular electric control .impluses applied plcture into elementary light impulses of different intensity, means for'converting said light impulses into elementary electric impulses, means for transmitting said elementary electric impulses to the receiving station, similarly constructed cells at the receiv' station for re-com gthe picture, a a source of light at e receiving station whose beam is controlled by said cells, means for synchronously appl to the cells at the receiving station the ectrical control impulses applied to the corresponding cells at to it for spacially de-composing the as the transmitting station, and means.
  • the receiving station cells for applying to the receiving station cells simultaneously the received elementary electric impulses representing 'the .de-composed picture to causethe receiving station cells i to specially re-compose the picture from the elementary electric impulses received and to control thejntensity of the local light beam passing through said cells in accordance with the intensity-of the individual elementa electric impulses received to give eac spacially 'relaced picture element its proper light intensity.
  • each of the aforementioned cells consisting of a plurality of thin laminae of a transparent medium'variable as to its optical properties in accordance with the frequency of electric potential applied thereto, each lamina being responsive to a different frequency means for applying in continuous succession to each cell the frequencies Within the range to which the group of laminae contained in the cell is responsive, electrical connection between said station for applying corresponding control frequencies synchronously to the corresponding cells atthe two stations, the cells at the receiving station being also optically responsive in accordance, with the elementary electric impulses received from the transmitting station, and a local source of light at the receiving station whose beam is controlled by said receiving cells in accordance with the varying intensity of said received elementary electric impulses to give each specially re-placed picture element its proper light intensity.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Optical Communication System (AREA)
  • Cathode-Ray Tubes And Fluorescent Screens For Display (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Electron Tubes, Discharge Lamp Vessels, Lead-In Wires, And The Like (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
US119089A 1925-07-08 1926-06-28 Apparatus for the electrical transmission of pictures Expired - Lifetime US1670757A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEC36920D DE450454C (de) 1925-07-08 1925-07-08 Verfahren zur elektrischen Bilduebertragung
GB784930A GB356760A (en) 1930-03-11 1930-03-11 Improvements in the electrical reception and transmission of pictures
DE374015X 1930-03-15

Publications (1)

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US1670757A true US1670757A (en) 1928-05-22

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US119089A Expired - Lifetime US1670757A (en) 1925-07-08 1926-06-28 Apparatus for the electrical transmission of pictures
US520829A Expired - Lifetime US2072658A (en) 1925-07-08 1931-03-07 Receiver arrangement for electric picture transmission

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US520829A Expired - Lifetime US2072658A (en) 1925-07-08 1931-03-07 Receiver arrangement for electric picture transmission

Country Status (5)

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US (2) US1670757A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE450454C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (3) FR618960A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (2) GB277761A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL19841C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3040625A (en) * 1958-09-12 1962-06-26 Westinghouse Electric Corp Beam scanning apparatus
US3407017A (en) * 1964-06-29 1968-10-22 Ibm Element for optical logic
US3644017A (en) * 1968-12-02 1972-02-22 Baird Atomic Inc Electro-optic light modulator with area selection
US4620230A (en) * 1984-09-24 1986-10-28 The Boeing Company Display system
US4735490A (en) * 1984-07-16 1988-04-05 Budapesti Muszaki Egyetem Electro-optical light modulator having a reduced piezo-optical effect

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2454652A (en) * 1943-06-26 1948-11-23 Rca Corp Cathode-ray storage tube
US2618762A (en) * 1945-04-12 1952-11-18 Rca Corp Target and circuit for storage tubes
US2457175A (en) * 1946-12-19 1948-12-28 Fed Telecomm Lab Inc Projection cathode-ray tube
FR1281982A (fr) * 1960-11-23 1962-01-19 Csf Modulateur à déflexion pour tubes à rayons cathodiques
US3299308A (en) * 1963-07-19 1967-01-17 Temescal Metallurgical Corp Electron beam traverse of narrow aperture in barrier separating regions of differentpressure

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3040625A (en) * 1958-09-12 1962-06-26 Westinghouse Electric Corp Beam scanning apparatus
US3407017A (en) * 1964-06-29 1968-10-22 Ibm Element for optical logic
US3644017A (en) * 1968-12-02 1972-02-22 Baird Atomic Inc Electro-optic light modulator with area selection
US4735490A (en) * 1984-07-16 1988-04-05 Budapesti Muszaki Egyetem Electro-optical light modulator having a reduced piezo-optical effect
US4620230A (en) * 1984-09-24 1986-10-28 The Boeing Company Display system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR38530E (fr)
GB374015A (en) 1932-05-25
GB277761A (en) 1927-09-26
FR618960A (fr) 1927-03-24
DE450454C (de) 1927-10-15
US2072658A (en) 1937-03-02
FR39751E (fr) 1932-03-18
NL19841C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

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