US1670625A

US1670625A - Tunnel lining

Info

Publication number: US1670625A
Application number: US147925A
Authority: US
Inventors: Johannesson Sigvald
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1926-11-12
Filing date: 1926-11-12
Publication date: 1928-05-22
Anticipated expiration: 1945-05-22

Description

S. JOHANNESSON TUNNEL LINING Filed Nov. 12, 1926 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 ATTORNEYS May 22,- 1928. 1,670,625

' s. JOHANNESSON TUNNEL LINING Filed Nov. 12, 1926 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 v a a BEER? mgig' i l/lllllllllll P INVENTOR f J ATTORNEYs Patented May 22, 1928.

mt re slevArm JOHANNESSION,;F'1TEWARK, NEW

'UNNE' LINING.

nular innit consist-s of a plurality of pre cenc fete 'hloclgs which .Inam'if desired, be reinforced w th steel or the ll ie. Tvvo or mere metallic tubes are nserted 1n each concrete block in such manner that they are to the axis of the tunnel. 7 These finesse th ts-f l Pu 1f or in a 13mm cf takingthe reaction from the lllgl l lcz 'h n h S i me hod. i ITSQFUI, ei n d oi providing a means 0t connecting the. concrete blocks to the annular unit oftlie-lining previouslyerected. The details oit'this connection ma vary, but I have herein described land illustrated What I. now consider the ereit'erred n' ethod of eonnectiOn'. In its preferred form, theprecast concrete blec k hase; length, nieasured circumferenti ally erolund the l'iningQ Which isinore than twice as greatas its width, measured in the direction cf theaxis of the tunnel. Each concrete block is preferably provided with one or nore pipes extendingfroin the out side of thelining into the tunnel and tapped with a Shrew thread. The purpose "of these pipes is" to relieve any Water pressure on the inner lining of cement mortar during the period o' f 'sett'ing. These pipes may also he usedfor grouting outside of the lining.

The precast concrete blocks are so assemle l he 'th tub in ja nt b k reg ster v ith one another. 'Inother wordsf the ends of the tubes in one block are in contact with the ends of the'tubes in the jeining or next adjacent blocks. The feces of; the'c'cncrete blocks are in centect'lvvith the faces of the adjoining blocks. In the preferredYEorm of the invention the inner edges each lolocl; are beveled or cfut'backso as .to' for-m, when the bloc-ks are as bled, a" sm t 2 11 mm he item p; te e are b'lobkwhen eiicieabr m 1f i't 1,1 le s" 5. 1. 3 j nt 1 1 etch e1 imiflsr fsesgsed W th*respe to le e qn's tilsi li j i ts e h j c nt r adjoining'niiitQ c 1 Whe ne or nore complete annuler units of'concrete blocks havebeen erected or as sen hled, al' netallicreinforcement is attached to the: i n;1e r,,serfacer. the "assembled blocks I and a cogiting of cementniortar is applied over thee'ntii e' innersu'rface of theassenibled blocks" and extending into and filling the grooves between adjoining blocks; The cenient nioitaris Qretera bly blown on by pres sure time a'ceInen-t unand may conveniently be the smelle eunitev lining. y The foregoingand other novel features of the inventicn will be better understood from the following description taken. in conjunction with the accompanyingdrawings in e which I have illustrated What now consider the preferred mode of practicing the invention. Tn tlie drawings Fig. 1 is'a cross section (onthe'section line 1 1 of Fig.2) ofa circular tunnel linemhodying the invention.

2 's a sectional elevation i2 9, taken on the section line 2.2*0f Fig. 1.

Fig. 31(a crosssec tion on the line 33 of illustrates ny preferred Way of ICOII'.

necting adjacent annular units ofthe precast l weer-et blocks;

E. 4i is a deteil :endf iew, partly section of the improved lining.

5 is an inside elevation of a precast concrete block ofthe invention.

FigsB-and 7 are secti nal views taken on of the 1m the section lines 6- 6 "and 7+7. respectively we, .5- I

The tunnel lining oi the invention, in its mp e e" en pr t r ed rm c mpris s outer primary lin ng xbl lllt up of precast concrete blocks, 10 and aninner lining of cenient nio'rtar 11 covering the entire inner uitcas 'tzt r im rylinin The Pr m ete -bl 2l ar a ea t twic a l as they are Wide. In other Words, each o k "h s l n h meas re .Q F m e -e ie ly a und the nin Which s m r t n Wi e as reat esits Wid h, easu ed i h d ective Qt the are vi t e u ne I ,The inner edges of eaeh concrete block 0- er? hee d (12i70'r "qu b ek site e n; s eeve 3 1 'Qer e the inn r perimeter of ac Mee when th blo ks re ass m led- A pli rel ty f sta ed meta l tubes 1M1? em edde in @391? ecnd t bl -k T ube ii 'siy he Q 5 wef iren, steel, 9. o r

aPQI PQ EQT SQI te ar a a ged sub:

stantially parallel to the axis ofthe tunnel, when the blocks are assembled. Each tube 14- hasa threaded opening '15 near each end thereof and towards the inside of the block andregistering with openings 16 in the block.

In assembling the precast concrete blocks 10, dowel pins 17, preferably steel pins, are inserted in one end of the tubes 14. The dowel pins are secured in position in the tubes by set screws 18. The dowel pins have two spaced

conical depressions

19 and 20 in which the conical ends of the set screws fit. The conical depression 20 is slightly larger than the conical depression 19 so as to provide some flexibility and insure proper seating of the set screws. The 'dowelpins 17 extend from the face of each block 10 gradouter primary lining consists of eight indi-- vidual concrete blocks. For purposes of illi.r:'-;t1.'ation the tunnel lining may be considered as approximately fifteen fcetin internal diameter; The circumferential length of the precastjconcrete blocks will be about six feet, and the width of the blocks (measure'd in the direction of'the tunnel axis) may conveniently be approximately one foot. The blocks may be of any appropriate depth or thickness, and in the specific example here giren, this dimensionmay conveniently be about one foot.

The concrete blocks 10 are so assembled that the longitudinal joints of adjacent annular units are staggered (see Fig. 2). By this arrangement, the individual blocks in each annular unit are fastened together and, with the arrangement of dowel pins described and illustrated, all of'the cement blocks are united in a substantially unitary structure.

When the outer primary winding of pro cast concrete blocks has been erected to a desired extent, a metallic reinforcement 21 is attached to the inside surface of this lining.

'Th'is metallic reinforcement may conveniently consist of wire cloth, say two to four inches mesh, or steel wire, say No. 12 gauge,

tied or otherwise appropriately fastened to the headset the set screws 18. A layer of cement mortar 11 of appropriate thickness, say about two inches, is then applied to the inner surface of the primary lining. The

cement mortar is blown on by pressure from a cement gun, and'may advantageously be a Gunite lining. The lining of cement mortar fills the grooves 13 and covers the en tire inner surface of the primary lining to a depth of the desired thickness.

I prefer to provide each'precast concrete block withone or more pipes 22 extending from the outside to the inside of the block- The inner ends of these pipes are preferably threaded 'to permit the coupling thereto of grouting means.

The improved lining of the invention'is generally adapted for tunnels ofall types. In particular, the lining of the invention is suitable for transportation tunnels such as railway, highway, sewage, and water'tunnels, as well as for tunnels. for public utility pipes and the like.

The impro'red tunnel lining of the invention, possesses numerous features of'novelty and advantage both with respect to its ultimate structure and with respect to its erection, Thus, the novel shape of the precast concrete blocks, that is, relatively long and relatively narrow, makes it possible to erect the outer primary wlnding (111101113 safely and in true shape. The llning is capable of resisting bending stresses set up by pressure p of the adjoining soil,'thus making it possible to decrease the thickness of the lining as compared with the heretofore usual types of concrete block linings, which are capable of resisting only direct compression stresses.

The inner lining of cement mortar applied under pressure and extending into the grooves between the concrete blocks forms a most effective waterproofing meansfor the m'imary lining of precast concrete blocks. The pipes extending through the precast concrete blocks form an eiiicient means of relieving the water pressure" when present, so as to permit a proper setting of the cement mortar applied underpressure from a cement gun. The method of connecting the concrete blocks is simple in operation,

thereby ensuring rapid erection, and is very effective in uniting the blocks in a substanti ally v unitary structure. v

I claim: I l. A sectoi shaped precast concrete .block fortunnel lining having at least part of its inside edges beveled, a plurality of metallic tubes embedded in the block, certain of saidtubes'extending axially with respect to the, tunnel axis, and at least one of said tubes eX-- tending radially with respect to the tunnel axis, each of said tubes having a threaded opening. 1

block 2. A sector-shaped precast concrete for tunnel lining having a circumferential length greater than twice'the width of the block and having at least part of itsinside' edges beveled, aplurality of metallic tubes embedded in the block and certain of said let i tubes extending axially with respect to the tunnel 'akis. and at last one 'ofsaid tubes eX- tending radially with rcspe'ct'to the tunnel axis each of said tubes having a threaded opening toward the inside of the block.

8. A sector-shaped precast concrete block for tunnel lining having a circumferential length greater than twice the width of the block and having at least part; of its inside edges beveled, and a plurality of spaced nietallic tubes embedded in said block, each of said tubes having a threaded opening near each end thereof registering with openings on the inside of the block.

4:. A tunnel lining built up of precast concrete blocks, each of said blocks having a plurality of spaced metallic tubes embedded therein and extending substantially parallel to the axis of the tun'n'eh said blocks being so assembled that the tubes in adjacent blocks registerwith one another, dowel pins mounted in the registering tubes, and set screws for securing the dowel pins inthe tubes.

5. A tunnel lining built up of precast concrete blocks, each of said blocks having a plurality of spaced metallic tubes embedded therein and eXtending substantially parallel to the axis of the tunnel, each of said tubes having a threaded opening towards the inside of the blocln said blocks being so as sembled that the tubes in adjacent blocks register with one another, dowel pins mounted in the registering tubes, and set screws cooperating with said threaded openings for securing the dowel pins in the tubes, said dowel pins having conical depressions in which the ends of said set screws tit.

, (i. A tunnel lining of circular co" figuration built up of sector-shaped precast concrete blocks, each of said blocks havinga plurality of spaced nzetall'ic tubes embedded therein and extending substantially parallel to the axis of the tunnel, each of said tubes having a threaded opening near each end thereof and towards'thc inside of the blocl said blocks being so assembled that the tubes in adjacent blocks register with one another, dowel pins mounted in the registering tubes, and set screws cooperating with said threaded openings for securing the dowel pins in the tubes.

7. A tunnel lining comprising an outer primary lining built up of precast concrete blocks which have a length greater than twice the width of the block, each of said blocks having at least part of its inside edges beveled thereby forming grooves in the inner surface of the assembled blocks, an inner lining of cement mortar filling said grooves and covering the inner surface of said primary lining and a metallic reinforcement interpesed betwcen said linings and secured to the primary lining.

8. A tunnel lining of circular configura tion comprising an outer primary lining 9. A tunnel lining of circular configura- 7 tion' comprising an outer primary lining built up of sector-shaped precast concrete blocks which have a length greater than twicethe width of the block,' each of said blocks having at least part of its inside edges beveled thereby forming grooves in the inner surface of the assembled bl'ocks, an inner lining of cement inortar filling said grooves and covering the inner surface of said primary lining, and a metallic reinforcement interposed between said linings and secured to the primary lining.

I 10. A tunnel lining comprising an outer prin'iary lining built up of precast concrete blocizs, each of said blocks havinga plurality of spaced metallic tubes embedded therein and extending substantially parallel to the axis of the tunnel, said-blocks being so asscmbled that the tubes in adjacent blocks register with one another, "dowel pins mounted in the registering tubes, set screws for securing the dowel pins in 'thetubes,' an inner 1 lining of cement mortar covering the inner sur fa'ce' of said primary lining, and a metall'ic reinforcement interposed between said linings and secured to said set screws.

11. A tunnel lining comp ising an outer primary lining built up of precast concrete blocks which have a greater length than twice thewidth of the block, each of said blockshaving a plurality of spaced metallic tubes embedded therein and "(intending substantially 'par.allel to the axis of the tunnel, said blocks being so "assei'nbled that the tubes in adjacent block-s register with one an-- other, each of said blocks also having at least part of its inside edges beveled thereby forming grooves in the inner surface of the assembled blocks, dowel pin-s mounted in the registering tubes, and an inner lining of coment mortar filling said grooves and cov ering the inner surface of said primary lin- 12. A tunnel lining comprising an outer primary lining built up of precast concrete blocks which have a greater length than twice the width of the block, each of said blocks having a plurality of spaced metallic tubes embedded therein and extendng substantially parallel to the axis of the tunnel, each of said tubes having a threaded opening towards the inside of the block, said blocks being so assembled that the tubes in adjacent blocks register with one another,

dowel pins mounted in the registering tubes,

set screws cooperating with said threaded openings for securing the dowel pins in the tubes, an inner lining of cement mortar cov ering the inner surface of said primary 1ining, and a metallic reinforcement interposed between said linings and secured to said set screws.

13. A tunnel lining built up of precast concrete blocks which have a length greater than twice the width of the block, each of said blocks having a plurality of spaced metallic tubes embedded therein and extending substantially parallel to the axis of the tunnel, said blocks being so assembled that the tubes in adjacent blocks register with one another, and dowel pins mounted in the registering tubes with one end of each of said pins in staggered relation with the corresponding ends of each of the circumferentially adjacent pins.

14:. A tunnel lining comprising an outer primary lining built up of precast concrete blocks which have a greater length than twice the width of the block, each of said blocks having a plurality of spaced metallic tubes embedded therein and extending substantially parallel to the axis of the tunnel, each of said tubes having a threaded opening towards the inside of the block, said blocks being so assembled that the tubes in adjacent blocks register with one another, each of said block-s also having at least part of its inside edges beveled thereby forming grooves in the inner surface of the assembled blocks, dowel pins mounted in the registering tubes, set screws cooperating with said threaded openings for securing the dowel pins in the tubes, an inner lining of cement mortar filling said grooves and covering the inner surface 'of said primary lining, and a metallic reinforcement interposed between said linings and secured to said set screws.

15. A tunnel lining of circular configuration comprising an outer primary lining built up of sector-shaped precast concrete blocks which have a greater length than twice athe Width of the block, each of said blocks having a plurality of spaced metallic tubes embedded therein and extending substantially parallel to the axis of the tunnel,

each of said tubes having a threaded opening near each end thereof and towards the inside of the block, said blocks being so as-- screws cooperating with said threaded openr ing-s for securing the dowel pins in the tubes, an inner lining of cement mortar filling said grooves and covering the inner surface of said primary lining, and a metallic reinforcement, interposed between said linings and secured to said set screw-s.

16. A tunnel lining comprising an outer primary lining built up of pre-cast blocks, each of said blocks having a plurality of spaced metallic tubes embedded therein and extending substantially parallel to the axis of the tunnel, said blocks being so assembled that the tubes in adjacent blocks register with one another, dowel pins mounted in the registering tubes, and mean-s in adjacent blocks for fastening each dowel pin in place.

17. A surface covering comprising interlocking pre-cast elements, each of said elements having spaced tube-s therein adapted to register when the elements are assembled, dowel pins mounted in the registering tubes of adjacent blocks, and means in each adjacent block for fastening each dowel pin in position to lock said adjacent blocks together. I

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature.

SIGVALD fonANNEsson.