US1667589A - Process of manufacturing photographic silver halid emulsions - Google Patents
Process of manufacturing photographic silver halid emulsions Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US1667589A US1667589A US122038A US12203826A US1667589A US 1667589 A US1667589 A US 1667589A US 122038 A US122038 A US 122038A US 12203826 A US12203826 A US 12203826A US 1667589 A US1667589 A US 1667589A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- emulsion
- emulsions
- photographic silver
- electro
- silver halid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
- G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
- G03C1/04—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein with macromolecular additives; with layer-forming substances
- G03C1/047—Proteins, e.g. gelatine derivatives; Hydrolysis or extraction products of proteins
Definitions
- sensitivity of the emulsion depends in a high degree on the colloid employed. While it is easy to obtain with a certain type of gelatine a high sensitivity, other types of gelatine yield emulsions of practical y sufli- 10 cient sensitivity with great difliculity or not at all. It is possible, indeed, to increase the sensitivity to a certain extent by moderately heating it for some time, but this so-called ripening process must not be pushed further 1 than to a limit which may not be transgressed if the tendency of forming fog isto be avoided. Ripening-time and ripeningtemperature depend upon the sort of the colloid em loyed.
- emulsion making substances which may be produced by electro-dialysis from pure or impure proteins, e. g., from gelatine or glue. These substances may be added to the raw materials of the emulsion,
- the substances employable for this pur- 80 pose are prepared in known manner by electro-dialysis of aqueous solutions of proteins between diaphragms of definite potential.
- aqueous solutions of gelatine or another protein are dialyzed between two diaphragms, various physical and chemical reactions take place at the same time.
- Prod-- nets of ionic dispersity migrate to the electrodes and here they are discharged and precipitated.
- a diminution of the elec- 40 trolyte is effected which causes the precipitation of certain proteins insoluble in pure water.
- globulines e. g., are precipitated in the intermediate space by the electro-dialysis of glue.
- a more or less large electrophoresis takes place.
- colloidall dispersed protein-particles of unknown c emical constitution migrate through the diaphragms to the electrodes or to-the spaces extending in front of them. 60
- the anode-substances are separated and be inspissated and solidify to a light yellow mass of conchoidal fracture, smelling in- I tensely of soap when wet;
- the substances separated at the electrodes have the property of increasing the sensitivity of silver halid emulsions.
- the pro ucts obtained at the anode or those obtained at the cathode or mixtures of both.
- a gelatine for emulsions is worked up in known manner to a photographic emulsion which is eflicaciously ripened by; heating it at C. during 60 minutes.
- the characteristic curve indicated in the drawing'by (1 corresponds to this emulsion.
- This curve represents the relation between the densities of the developed emulsion and the logarithms of exposure.
- the shape of the curve a shows that the emulsion has no greatsensitivitg beginning only at a rather high value of t abscissa, namely, 6. When ripening is pushed further the emulsion begins to fog.
- the extracts from proteins produced by electro-dialysis are generally not neutral, but acid or alkaline. But in some emulsion making processes it is not advisable to change the concentration of hydrogen-ions by adding other substances. It is often useful therefore, to neutralize the electro-dialytically separated extracts by means of alkaline or acid agents and to dry them, if it 6 is necessary, by evaporating.
- a process of making photographic s'ilver halid emulsions which comprises adding during emulsion making substances extract- 10 able from proteins by electro-dialysis.
- Silver halid emulsions containing added i thereto substances extractable from proteins by electro-dialysis.
- Photographic layers comprising silver halid emulsions containing added thereto substances extractable from proteins by electro-dialysis.
Description
April 24, 1928. 1,667,589
w. DIETERLE ET AL PROCESS OF MANUFACTURING PHOTOGRAPHIC SILVER HALID EMULSIONS Filed July 12, 192
Inventor Patented Apr. 24, 1928.
UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.
WALTER mn'rnam AND or'ro m'r'rnms, or DESSAU, AND rosary mirrsror'rnn, or
IBERLIN-FRIEDENAU, GERMANY, assxenoas m I. a. ramannmnus'ram nx'rmn- GEsELLsonAr'r, or FRANKFORT-ON-THE-MAIN, GERMANY.
PROCESS OF MANUFACTURING PHOTOGBAPHIC SILVEfi HALID EMULSION.
Application filed J'u1y 12, 1926, Serial No. 122,038, and in Germany October 7, 1925.
In manufacturing photographic silver .halid emulsions the qualities of the colloidal substance have a great influence on the photographic properties of the emulsion. The
6 sensitivity of the emulsion, e. g., depends in a high degree on the colloid employed. While it is easy to obtain with a certain type of gelatine a high sensitivity, other types of gelatine yield emulsions of practical y sufli- 10 cient sensitivity with great difliculity or not at all. It is possible, indeed, to increase the sensitivity to a certain extent by moderately heating it for some time, but this so-called ripening process must not be pushed further 1 than to a limit which may not be transgressed if the tendency of forming fog isto be avoided. Ripening-time and ripeningtemperature depend upon the sort of the colloid em loyed.
It has been found that high-speed silver halid emulsions free from fog may be made.
by adding, in emulsion making, substances which may be produced by electro-dialysis from pure or impure proteins, e. g., from gelatine or glue. These substances may be added to the raw materials of the emulsion,
during emulsion making or to the finished emulsion.
The substances employable for this pur- 80 pose are prepared in known manner by electro-dialysis of aqueous solutions of proteins between diaphragms of definite potential. When aqueous solutions of gelatine or another protein are dialyzed between two diaphragms, various physical and chemical reactions take place at the same time. Prod-- nets of ionic dispersity migrate to the electrodes and here they are discharged and precipitated. Hereby a diminution of the elec- 40 trolyte is effected which causes the precipitation of certain proteins insoluble in pure water. Thus globulines, e. g., are precipitated in the intermediate space by the electro-dialysis of glue. In addition a more or less large electrophoresis takes place. Moreover colloidall dispersed" protein-particles of unknown c emical constitution migrate through the diaphragms to the electrodes or to-the spaces extending in front of them. 60 The anode-substances are separated and be inspissated and solidify to a light yellow mass of conchoidal fracture, smelling in- I tensely of soap when wet;
The substances separated at the electrodes have the property of increasing the sensitivity of silver halid emulsions. According to the application in view or the type of emulsion to be manufactured from the elatine, there may be employed the pro ucts obtained at the anode, or those obtained at the cathode or mixtures of both.
The improvement in sensitivity effected by this process is evident from the following comparison:' I
A gelatine for emulsions is worked up in known manner to a photographic emulsion which is eflicaciously ripened by; heating it at C. during 60 minutes. The characteristic curve indicated in the drawing'by (1 corresponds to this emulsion. This curve represents the relation between the densities of the developed emulsion and the logarithms of exposure. The shape of the curve a shows that the emulsion has no greatsensitivitg beginning only at a rather high value of t abscissa, namely, 6. When ripening is pushed further the emulsion begins to fog.
\Vhen to'the same gelatine is added 1% of the dried product of the electro-dialysis of gelatine obtained at the cathode, and it is then worked up in the same manner, a photographic emulsion is produced the characteristic curve of which is indicated in the drawing by Fb. It heginsat the abscissavalue.of 3 with an ordinate-value of 2 and ends with the ordinate value 265, i. e., this emulsion-has no greater fog than the first, but it has much increased insensitivity and in covering power.
The extracts from proteins produced by electro-dialysis are generally not neutral, but acid or alkaline. But in some emulsion making processes it is not advisable to change the concentration of hydrogen-ions by adding other substances. It is often useful therefore, to neutralize the electro-dialytically separated extracts by means of alkaline or acid agents and to dry them, if it 6 is necessary, by evaporating.
We claim:
1. A process of making photographic s'ilver halid emulsions which comprises adding during emulsion making substances extract- 10 able from proteins by electro-dialysis.
2. Silver halid emulsions containing added i thereto substances extractable from proteins by electro-dialysis.
3. Photographic layers comprising silver halid emulsions containing added thereto substances extractable from proteins by electro-dialysis.
In testimony whereof we aifixour signatures.
WALTER DIETERLE. OTTO MATTHIES.
JOSEF REITSToTTER.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE259538X | 1925-10-07 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US1667589A true US1667589A (en) | 1928-04-24 |
Family
ID=5966865
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US122038A Expired - Lifetime US1667589A (en) | 1925-10-07 | 1926-07-12 | Process of manufacturing photographic silver halid emulsions |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US1667589A (en) |
| BE (1) | BE335769A (en) |
| FR (1) | FR619077A (en) |
| GB (1) | GB259538A (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3190752A (en) * | 1961-12-26 | 1965-06-22 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | High edge gradient silver halide emulsion |
-
0
- BE BE335769D patent/BE335769A/xx unknown
-
1926
- 1926-07-12 US US122038A patent/US1667589A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1926-07-13 GB GB17550/26A patent/GB259538A/en not_active Expired
- 1926-07-20 FR FR619077D patent/FR619077A/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB259538A (en) | 1927-07-21 |
| BE335769A (en) | |
| FR619077A (en) | 1927-03-25 |
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