US1666230A - Typewriting machine - Google Patents

Description

April 17, 1928.

E. E BARNEY TYPEWRITING MACHINE Filed July 5. 1924 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR WITNESSES Y E N R o T T A E. E. BARNEY IFYPEWRITING MACHINE 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed July 5. 1924 WITNESSES INVENTOR fw w' April 17, 1928. 4 1,666,230

E. E. BARNEY TYPEWRITING MACHINE Filed July 5. 1924 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 INVENTOR ATTORNEY entrain srarss Patented Apr, 17, 1928.

mum-owes?- EDWIN E. BARNEY, onNEwRocHn n NEW yonxfnssienoitao nnM 'Ne on TYPE- v RITERcomraiw, or ILION, new YORK, A conro m'rron on NEW Yonx. v

" TYrEwRITING 'MAo 'mE;

Application 'file'd m '5, 1924, Serial No. 724,186.

. My invention relates to typewriting or like machines, and more particularly to means for rapidly jumping the carriage to bring difteren't columnar fields successively vto the printing point.

The main object ofmy invention is'to provide a comparatively simple, yet highly efficient, means of the characterspeoified, and in which the jumping of the carriage from one column to the next is broughtabout, in the main, automatically and there is no necessity of detracting trom'the written 'work produced by occupying the time and burdening'the mind of the operator with the actuation of a selected one'of a series rotkeys eachtime the carriage is to be "jumped from one column to the next."

To the-above and otherends which 'will hereinafter appear, my invention consists in the features of construction, arrangements of parts and. combinations of devices set forth in'the following description and particularly pointed out in the appended'claims' In the accompanying drawings wherein like characters indicate correspo'ndingv parts in the different views, I 1 Figure 1 is a fragmentary vertical foreand-aft sectional view of the rear portion of a Number 12 typewriting machine embodying'my-invention.

Figure 2 is a fragmentary front elevation V of the upper portion of the same;

Figure 3 is a fragmentary detail front View of the margin stops and associated parts, illustrating a diflerent relative disposition thereof from that shown in Figure 2. Figures 4 and 5 areenlarged detail fragmentary sectional views of the backing pawl and ratchet, showing the different relationships of the parts thereof to 'accord with the positions of the traveling margin stop as shown in Figs. 2and 3 respectively.

Figure 6 is a detail fragmentary top plan view of the feed racks and other partsassociated therewithj 1 Figures 7 and 8 are views of the same as seen and looking towards the right-hand end of the carriage; Figure? showing the ordinary feed rack engaging the feed pinion,

and Figure 8 showing said feed rack locked out of engagement with the pinion for con-.

"in various mentary iront views showing the feed pinion cooperating with different sections of the compound tahulating rackQ Figure '14: is a detail fragmentary front I view showing the tabulating rack engaging the feed pinion, and the ordinary rack mainof engagement .with the feed pinion, showing the relation of the V 7 p right one letter space beyond its normal po-' parts when the carriage is forced tofthe sition at the beginning of a line,

Figure 16 is an enlarged detail fragmen tary front view, showing another form of pinion co-acting with-a sectionof-the tabulator rack. Y'

The machine of tains certain of the same general objectsas the construction disclosed in my Patent No. 1,473,920 dated Nov. 18 ,.'1923, and isintended to improve certain-features of said prior ma fchine.

the present invention at- I I have shown myjinvention the present instance embodied in aNo.;-12 Remington 1nachine,-onlyso much of said machine being shown as is'necessaryto arrive at an understanding of my lnventlon 1n lts 'inclus onf The machine as a whole may be-under stood toobe the same as the No. 12' Reining ton machine with the usual tabulatormech-f anism omitted and certain changesmade therein, .to behereinafter indicated-L In the present instance the machine-has been especially constructedanddesigned to write within columns of given character and spacing of a special blank form known "as a toll service charge "slip usedby telephone companies, although obviously the invention styles of typewriting or like ma-f .chines.

is not restricted tosuch use, and the ma chine may be modified to accord with any givencharacterof blank that may be em- 1 ployed. V t

- The usual spring driven carriage comprises a. rectangular truck, and a platen frame-in which is mounted a cylindrical platen 1. The truck comprises a front cross bar 2, a

' the "platen.

rear cross bar 3, and end bars 4. The rear cross bar 3 is grooved to receive crossed rollers 5, which likewise are received in a fixed guide rail 6. Thefront cross bar of the carriage is supported in a like manner to guide the carriage in itshmovements from side to lating to the line spacing mechanism in tendedflfor use in this same machine.

A paper table 15 may bemounted in any suitable m'anneron 'thje'carriage. In the present-instance the table is-mounted in substantially the same manner as in, the No. 12 Remington machinew Thus, blocks 16 are secured .l)"SCl6VvSf1-7"t0 the cross bar 9.v A metal "strip 18 is secured to each block 16 andflis provided wit-h an inwardly projecting pivot 19. Each pivot is received within -a pivot-bearing20- of-a strip-21 secured to the back of the paper table and provided with: 'a resilient arm 22' adapted to engage the upperend of the companion strip 18 to latch the "paper table against pivotal movement on its support. Two flanges or side edge gages 23 project forwardly from plate-like supporting members 28 secured tQl'liG front face o'f-thepapertable. These gages with the sup-porting members constitutea chute intowhicha work sheet 24 may be readily introduced and guided' accurately tothe throat between the platen'l and the paper apron 25' at the introductory side of To further aid-intheproper and rapid introduction of a blank into" the 'machinenI haveprovided a deflectoim'plate 26 mounted atits upper end on apivot'rod 27 supported at its endsinb'earing openings in the guides 23.- The "deflector 26 is fixed to turn with its supporting or pivot rod and extends downwardly and reai'wardly thcre'frc im and issupported at its lower edge against the rear sid'e'of the platen; the deflector being held at its'bottom; edge snugly ajgainst'the' platen by gravity. This deflector plate formsa foui'thrside'of the chute and further aids indi'recting a rapidly intro- -duced work-rsheet into the machine and to the usual feed rollersynot shown: The chute as a whole may be adjusted longitudinally of the platen by loosening the screws 17 and'slidingthe blocks l6'to gether with the parts "mounted thereon, along-the supporting rod 9 The carriage which is spring driven in the usual manner is controlled in its feed movement by the following means:

The feed pinion 28 is controlled by its escapement devices in the same manner as in the No. 12 Remington machine at each actuation of a printing key or the space key. However I prefertomake the holding dog 29 ofthe escapement with a flat working face instead of a beveled working face, for reasons which will hereinafter appear. The feed pinion'28 is longer than that ordinarily employed but otherwise may be of the usual 'constructionj This pinion is operatively connected with the escapen'ient wheel 30 by the usual springfpressed pawl 31 and ratchet wheel 4 so that ing the stepping dog to be disengaged and V the holding dog to be engaged with a tooth of the escapement wheel, Releasing the depressed key enables the dog rocker to return to normal position, when the carriage ordi narily advances oneletter space' The ordi-- nary space key of the machine, and of which .each of "thearms 89 may be. regarded as a part, is connected through said arms to a rock shaft'tO mounted at its ends on the base 11 of themachine. A rocking of. the shaft by the space key is effective, through the usual train of connections, to'actuate'the dog rocker. -Thus, an arm 12 secured to the rock shaft carries an adjustable member 13 by which connection is made with a lever 44; pivoted atf15and the upper arm 426 of which stands in front of a lug 36? on the link 36. The arm/16 moves rearwardly on he depression of .the space key and moves the link ,36 rearwardly to move the (log rocker, the parts returning to normal position when the space key is released. lhe escapement mechanisms as thus 1 far de scribed,- with the. exceptions hereinbeiore pointed out, may be of the usual construction employedinthe No. 12 Remington machine. As pointed outabove, the feed pinion 28 is longer "than that ordinarily employed. This is inorder" that'it may co-act with'two feed; racks. One rack 47., correspondssubstantiallyto theregular feed rack employed in the No. 12 Remington machine. 1 11.6 other, ra k; desigaatedasa whole y the reference numeral 48, specially constructed compound or multiple tabulator rack f comprising a plurality of sections,

each movable independently of the others into andout of effective position, orinto andjout ofengagement with the feed pinion,

' for bringing out tabulatin g movements of the carriage 1n accordance with my invention, as will presently more clearly appear. What may. betermed the ordinary ieed rack 47, has regular spaced teeth 47 (Fig.

lit) extending continuously throughout the eflective length thereof," and this rack is secured; by screws 19 to upwardly bent ends .of two supports 50. The forward ends of these supports are formed with bearings 51 that receive and turn ona supporting rod rearwardly extending 52 that extends throughout a considerable portion ofthe length of the carriage. This supporting rod is received at its reduced endsin bearing openings in brackets 53 secured to the rear cross, barfi of the carriage by 'screws 54cl The feed rack a7 is thus pivotally supported to turn on the rod 52' into and out of engagement with the feed pinion-28. A cross bar 55 is rigidly secured at it's ends by screws 56to upwardly and I arms 57' on the brackets 58. This bar is bored transversely at intervals throughout the length thereof to form cylindrical openings or pockets 58, the bottom walls ofthe openingsloeing up.- PBIIDOShlS shown in Figi l Seated within each of these pockets is acoiled expansion 5 spring 59. The lower end of each expansion spring bearsina counter-sunkopening 60 in the associated pivoted supporting arm,

whether said arin be one of the arms 50 for the ordinary feed 'rack' 47 ,or the corresponding arm for a rack section of the ltabulator rack to be hereinafter described. In this manner spring pressure is exerted downwardly on the arms 50 to hold the teeth of the rack 47 in engagement with the teeth of the feed pinion. In order to limit down ward movement of the arms'5O (orthe corresponding arms of the tabulator rack sec tions) I thread a screw stop Glthrough .tapped openings in eacli of said arms. The

lower.v end of each screw co-acts with the I rear cross bar 3 of the carriage, or the cover plate 62, secured thereto, in order to limit the downward movement of the arm which carries said screw. A lock nut 63 cor-acts with each screw 61 to hold it in its adjusted position. i Theendsof the rack-4L7 have forwardly extending lips, 6 L (see Figs. ,6, 7 and .8

I secured-thereto and beneath these lips ex.-

tend the rear ends of release levers 65. These levers are otthe usual construction except thatone is provided-with an outwardly extending lug 66, for purposeswhich will hereinafter appear. Eachxlever 55 is pivoted. to' the carriage at 6,7, and is provided with a key 68 at its forwardend.v The stem of a headed shoulderedscrew -69 passes through an opening 70 in each release lever. On thescrew 69 atthe right-hand "end of thecarriage is pivotedan actuating turned to the Figure 8 position, this results in the co-operation of the canrming edge 73 of said lever with the lug 66 to shift the right-hand release lever 65 and lock it inthe Figure 8' position, with the rackA? held out ofengagement with the feed pinion 28;, At this time, the blunt end 74 of the locking lever co acts with the lug 66, as shown in Fig. 8,'to retain the locking lever .71 inits shifted position, indicated infthis view.

This leaves the carriage in the'control Otthe tabulator rack to function automatically and under the control of the space key,as will now be described. v V l Referring more particularly to Figures 1 and 6 to 15, it will be seen that the COHipound or. multiple tabulating rack {i8 is made up of, or comprises, in the present instance, five members or sections, 75, 7 6, 77, 7 8 and 79,-although the number of such sec-f tions may be varied depending onthe char i-ou act-er oftabulating to be produced. These rack sections are preferably, though not necessarily, aligned when in the normal position, as shown. Each of the sections is fixed, by one or more screws 80,-to-and is supported on an arm 81 substantially like the arms 50,

[and like'one another except that they preferably vary in width depending on, the length of ther ralck section.carried ithereby. Each supporting arm ,81 is pivotally'inount-' ed on the pivot rod 52 likoithe arms 501mmv inbefore described, and like each 0f said last mentioned arms isspring pressed down- 'wai'dly by a spr ng 59, islimited n its downward movement by'a screw stop 6l, and is limitedinits upward movement by'the cross rod 55. The downward pressure lot each spring 59 on the associated ,rack' section tendsto maintain such rack section in engagement with .the feed pinion 28, or in a position to engage the same during the travel of the carriage. Howeveneach of saidsections may be moved up from its normal position independently of the others against the force of its spring to disengage If the v V such section from the feed pinion. rack-4?,is ineitective atthis time, the, can

riage will be permitted to advance with a' tabulating movement under the powercf its spring drum until the first tooth of the next rack section to the right reaches the feed pinion and arrests the carriage. These rack sect-ions difier'in detail and in the number of teeth carried thereby, depending on the character of tabulating workto be produced, or in the main on the number of characters to be written in each columnar field. I

In the present instance the tabulatingrack is specially designed with a view to writing in five columns of given character andspacing, as indicated at .82, 83, 8.4-, 85 and. 86

'on the blank 24., shown in Fig. 2. Obviously, however, thedesign of the tabulator rack sections may be. varicdto accord with the particular character of the Work to be produced and the blank employed it is intended to write either two or three characters in the first column 82, an indefinite number of characters up to, say, seventeen'in the second column 83, two or three characters in the third column 84:, two characters by a single printing stroke of a logotype type bar in the fourth column 85, and a single character in the last or fth column 86.

The rack 47 is first locked in the released position shown in Figure 8, ashereinbefore described, before tabulating work is to be produced.

Referring now more particularly to Figures 9 to '15, itwill be explained in detail how each of these aligned independently movable rack sections is constructed and controlled to accomplish the results referred to. The feed pinion 28 thus far described, except for its length, is an ordinary fifteen tooth pinion and when the carriage is in position to begin a line of writing, is received in an unobstructed space 87 in the rack section 75 to the left of thetooth 88, as shown in Figures 9 and 14. This enables the tooth 88 of said rack section to normally engage a tooth in the position of the tooth a (Figure 9) of the feed pinion, and hold the carriage against advance movement. However,

7 it will be seen that the untoothed portion or space 87 enables the carriage to be shifted to the right from its normal position a limited distance independently of the feed pinion, for purposeswhich will hereinafter appear. An engaging edge or contact 89 will, in the movement of the carriage to the right from the Fig. 14; position, engage and kick back the feed pinion as indicated in Fig. 15, for purposes which will be presently described. The only tooth on this rack section, other than the tooth 88, is formed by the right-hand wall 90 of the interdental space 91, said Wall in effect forming a tooth for controlling the rack. The lower end of this wall is preferably slightly rounded at 92 to prevent a tooth (see Z) in Fig. 10) of the feed pinion obstructing the moveme t of h ca iage when a tabulating sires to write beneath the month a single digit indicating the day of the month, as shown in the firstline on the blank in Fig ure 2. This may be done by first striking the space key and then the 2- key or vice versa, and the last key operated will result in the feed pinion-28 moving from the Figure .9 to the Figure 10 position; If -onthe other handa'day of the month contains two digits as shown in the second line on the blank, these are successively written, leaving the feed pinion in the Figure 10 posit-ion. In thus turning the feed pinion,the toot-h 0 thereof will have engaged the'lower edgelofan untoothed filled-in portion 93 of the section 75, automatically lifting said section against the force of its spring 59, as indicated in Fig. 10. This releases rack section 75 from the pinion and releases the carriage from control of said section, so that the carriage may move to the left until-arrested the next section 7 6 co-actingwith .thefeed pinion. The untoothed, or filled-in portion 93 preferably terminates at itslower edgef94 in a line substantially coincident with the lower end or crown of the tooth 88. The

length of theedge 94 is dependent on the length that the carriage. isjto travel when freed from the particular section thus disengaged from the pinion. v Thedistance from the last character in the first column 82 to the first character in the secondcolumn 88 is, in the present instance, two letter spaces, therefore the length of the edge 94 is such as to afford a two letter spacemovement of the carriage before it is arrested. Figure 10 shows the parts as they appear justiafter the section 7 5 has been automatically lifted and released from control of the feed pinion, but before the carriage thus released has started to advance. From this figure, .it will be seen that at this time the tooth 0 stands interposed in the path" of the first toot-h 95 of. the second rack section 7.6, ready to arrest the carriage-after it has been moved two letter spaces to the left. The forward corner of the tooth 95 is preferably rounded slightly at 96 to prevent the carriage from being arrested by the teeth 95.

catchingon the pinion tooth (Zf Should there be a contact between these teeth, the rack section 76 will be cammed up slightly to permit the tooth 95 to slide'over'and clear the pinion tooth. d, and engage'the l l l) itslower normal position atthe earliest tooth thereof as intended. A'cut-out 97 in the right-hand end of the; section75, and corresponding cuteouts 97 and.97 in each ofthe sections 77 and 78 respectively, is preferably provided to enable each of these sect-ions to be returned by its spring :59 to possible moment after passing out offcone trol 'of the feed-pinion 28 and to theleft thereof,-as will be clearlyjunde'rstood from a consideration of Fig. 13;

After the date is filledin as explained,

' the carriage will be arrested by the tooth engaging the tooth 0 ofthe feed pinon, after having automatically skipped fromthe first to the second columnar field to begin writing wlthln'the second'or Place called? column. .Inasmuch asthe amount of writing in this ,column 83 is Variable, a releaseofthe car-'- the next is not automaticallyeffected like the riage to skip from this columnar position to other sections, but is key controlled, prefer- V ably by the space key of the machine, as will nowappear. The rack section 76 has in addition to the rounded tooth 95 uniformly spaced teeth 98 throughout the length thereof, to provide for writing within the second column 83 for an extreme distance corresponding to the length of this rack section. By referring to Figuresl, 6 and 14, it' will be seen that a fiange99 extends rear'wardly from the rear'face of the rack section 76 and has a foot-piece 100 by which it issecured to said section by the headed screws 80 that se-' cure the section toits supporting arm. The right-hand end portion of the flange 99 1nclines upwardly to the .rightto form a cam 1011 for purposes to be presently explained. I

Projecting up through a recess'in the top plate, and through an opening in the bracket arm 102 of. the escapement wheel, is a release rod 103,. the upper end of which :ter-' minates be'neaththe path of travel of the flange 99 as they latter moves withthe car-T riage. *The lower end of the- ,rod ,103 .is

' pivoted at 104 toa crank arm 105 on the rock ordefrthat it-may move to the nextcolumn ar field. The carriage is arrested in .suchnext'j columnar fieldby the first tooth 106 ofthe rack section? 7 engaging a tooth oft-he feed pinion positioned exactly as the tooth c is in'Fig.10,;as indicated by'the dot and dash line x.

As thewriting within the second or fP lajce called column may vary, dependingon the length of thename or the abbrevia-, tion of the name oftheplacfe.called, or to which a. telegram is qsent," as ".N Y; or Du'1uth' in I the example; shown, the'extent of letter. feed :within -thjis column will vary.

Ho\'vever,,the length of the racksection 76 is suflicient to take carefofthe@longest name. 1

An-actuationof the space l ey after;the name or, abbreviation has been; written in ,this .column will in 'everyinstance release the rack section-.76. However, an actuation of. the space key before thiscolllmn is reached or after it is passedhas no effect on the section 7 6; the flange 99-."H1LS11Ch times-being out of the range of movement ofthefrelease rod 103 Ifthe operator should vfor anyreason maintain pressure on the space key aftciftlle flange 99 has passed the rod 108fand-,during' the return movement-of thecarriage, this ordinarily m ght result in injury to the machine by the right hand end of the fian ge199, i

would be especially true when power driven means-are employed to return the carriage. However the provision of the cam 101 mere-- colliding with theprojecting ro d103. This i ly results, in the; circumstances, in camming down the rod 103 and elevating "the space key againstthe pressure-of'the operators finger, and noidama'ge tothe parts-could re sult. I

r It has tea eased that 1115 iiiajepiia- 1 entfelevation of theracksection 16 by an operation of thespacefkey after completing the writing of the name of the place called,

brings "about an arrest of the carriage throughthetooth 106 of. the next section77 with a tooth of the feed pinion-positioned on the line 0a to beginwriting in the third or fAmount column 84;. Ordinarily'two digits arew'to be' written inthis column before the section 77 is automatically lifted to per- .mit-the carriage'to skip to the next-colrim nar field. Therefore,- one additional" .tooth 107 is provided on this rack before the closed orw filled-in untoothed portion 108 of this sec- 110 'ti'onisreached. ,lVhentwojdigits, as'indicated .in the firstline of the partly filled-in blank. are to be'writtenin this space, the

appropriate printing keys;areiactuatedv in 'the usual manner ,and on completingthe stroke of the second'keythe section. 77:will.-*

be automaticallylifted as shown in Fig. 12

to free the carriage toskip to the next. c0lum-' nar, field. \Vhile ordinarily butctwo digits in theun'its andtens positions are written '1n the thlrd or .Amount=column, it s0me+ times becomes necessary to write three digits in tl ehundreds, tens and. units positions, asindicated in the second lineof the blank. This maybe readily accomplished by the operator holding downthe, space key in jumpingthecarriage [from the second to the third column until after the firstor high- I est digit f (1 in the example "show 1 1) is written in the hundreds; positiom gThisis spaced-to the-neXt-columna-r field. Theobject of providing a flat face on theho'lding dog '29 of the escapement, as previously ex v plained, is to aid-in effectively carrying out the above' result of writing within the proper-denominational positions either 'be+ fore 'or-xafteir releasing' the space key, and for efiectively-holdi-ng thecarriage against accidental shipping or advancing duringthe operationof'thespa'ce keyifl I An arrest of the carriage for writing in front face 109 of; section" 17 8" -strikinga teeth 'of'the" pinion position'edon the line m, which itivill be observed is the same @point at which the carriage is freed from control of the preceding rack:section; This is likewise true or the'automatically lifted rack sections 7 5, 7 7 "and 78, as will be readily unders'tood by oloservirrgthe lirre ariin- F'igu-res 10, 12- and 13-. The construction in the present instanceis such that a 'single' printing: operation is permitted when Writing within 1 the fou-rth or new column; The" amount of j the tax which is" either five orl'ten cents is therefore 1carried"onftivo special, independently oper a red, logotype type ha rs, "onecarrying. the were print'f'5" and the other 10. I single operationpof .eith'er 'o-f these type bars is effective-to printthe-corresponding characters and"'autoinatically elevate-the rack section 78 by a "tootlr t the pinion co-actitrg with the untoothed ifi lled hr portion =11O 'o-f saidFsect-ion's, asshroavn'inFiQ. 13. This will result in the carriage 'movin'g two letter spaces, iirthe present instance, tothe'nex't orl ast columnar field "whereWhe -carriage is arrested by the first tooth 111 of the last rack section 79 ce-acting with a tooth of the teed pinion. There is nountoothed or lilled-in portion on the rack-section 79, the tooth ,111 "and the remaining teeth 1'12 thereof heing uniformlyspaced apart; The exact number oi-teethemployed in this section 79 is immaterial since i usually a single code character is tohe writtentherein' hefore the line lock,if one'beemployed, is actuated at the end of ie'line, or the line stops co-act to arrest further anovement of the carriage. It isf a'lso immaterial whether or not this last rack-section =79is pivoted', since there is no necessity ofzreleasing it 1 I p In the construction thus far'describedethe teed" pinion 28, except fork-its length, is shownas the "usual fifteen-tooth pinion. In suclr-a construction itmav be 'iI'ounddesirable in addition to rounding off the corners of the teeth 92 and 9-6 aspreviously?pointed out, to round vofi the forward advancing corners ofthefirst tooth on each ofthe sec= tions 77 78 and 7-9 as indicated atfLlI-B. 114. and 115 respectively. This is in order to prevent these teeth from catching on a tooth or pinion located as the tooth (Zisin-Fig. 10 when-the carriage skips from one 'eolumnar position-to thenext; Shouldthese teeth collide the rack sectioncarrying the rounded tooth will he slightly-elevated to ride over the co-acting tooth of'the feed pinion=and enable the carriage to be. properly arrested by: co acting' always with-a toothof -the pinion disposed intheposition indicated-by the line 00 passingthrough Figures ;9 to .13. As previonsly .pointcduout5 such lineindicates the position of thetooth of the feed pinioniin each instance whenone rack'section is automatically :relea-sed from the pinion and the next:succeeding rack:section c0-acts with the sameztoothtoarres't the'carriage. iVhile this rounding olT of the teeth in-:themanner indicated is not-necessary in practice, even whena fifteen-'tooth-pinion-is employed; I prefer tOfTOUHCl-thGiQGtll in the manner indicated Insome instances, this rounding of the-teeth of the raclr sections :is entirely mfi essarybec'aaise there is no chance of the rack sections collidin-gwvith the wrongtooth of the feedipinion. This is illustratedin Figure 16-wherein'an ordinary (except for its length) twelve-tooth feed pinion 28. is shown. will he seen that a sharpacornered; tooth 95 on the section 76 willclear the tooth'116 'o'f the pi irionqand will be properlyzarrested hythe tooth 11? thereof. So-it iswiththe teeth of all the remaining rack sections Whena 't-wel e tooth p-inion employed. Y

It -is' 1 sometimes desirable-to write. three characters as well a-s tw'e within the first colnnnrfor thepurpose of writing an ahbre viation of theinontlr, as Jul for example. This does'not often occur; a single month or at most twomonths being.indicated on each bill. In order that the abbreviation of a month or several suchabbreviations may be; written on each hill, 'I'provide the following constructionz i In the standard QReming'ton machines, margin stops coact' to limit the IQiLUIIPimOVB- ment of thecarriage and when the latter is in proper position to begin a line of -Writingsuchstops are in' contact and the carriage can he moved no further to the right sonlon g as said stops remains one in the pa-th otthe other. h Ioreovenin such constructions, even if the carriage couldbe shoved backone space from its normal 'startingpoint, it would be held in such -p'ositionibythe usual hacking ratchet and would not again drop forward -to its original position when-hackwardpressure on the=carriage is releaseda If on the other hand there should be a relative From this. figure, it

adjustmenteifected between the backing pawl and ratchetthis might suffice-for a for- Iw'ardf drop of the carriage for only a fraction of a letter space. This amount, how-' ever, would be insufficient forthe purpose. of, the present invention which requlres at.

least "a lull letter space torward drop of the carriage from the marg n stop. In the present-instance ,1 have modified the arrangement 'ofthe parts and so constructed the machine thatthere is a forward drop of the carriage 1 in the direction of its feed a full letter space distance after the carriage stops co-act to arrest the return movement of the carriage. Therefore, the normal beginning of the line isone letter space to the left of where the stops co-act, for purposes which will now be explained.

\Vha't has just been said will be better-understood from a consideration of Figures2 to 5, inclusive and Figures lt'and 15.- It will be seen that a margin stop 118 carried by and adjustable along the front guide rail of the carriage co-operates with a suitable stop 119 on the frame of the machine to limit the movementof the carriage to the right,

and that a stop 118. coacting with thestop carria 'e in the o osite direction.

119 limits the range. of movement of the As indicated above, at the beginning of aline,'th e stops 118 and 119 are spaced apart in the present instance, a letter space'distance, as

' ing'i'atchet 32 connected therewith.

shown in Figure 2. Inthis position the carriage pointer 'co-acts with the indication on thecarriage scale, denoting the twenty-ninth point thereon as the beginning of the normal line. The letter space thus provided between the stops'is due in the main to the fact that when the carriage is at rest with the parts in the Figures 3 and 14; position, there is a lost motion connection between the carriageand the feed pinion that enables a backward ,movement of the carriage to be effected independently of thejt'eed pinion and the. back This independent movement of the'carriage is,per-, mitted by the elimination of all teeth from the rack section 75 to the let't' of the tooth 88 thereon, so that the carriage is'capable of movingtto the right from the F igures 2 and 14 position without turning the feed pinion, and any desired extent of independent movemcnt might be obtained by such means. So

' tar as this feature of my invention is concerned, the contact 89 mi ht be entirelyelim inated without interfering with the movement of the carriage independently of the.

n 1 back spacing ratchet and pawl. Disregard U in}: for the moment the contacti89, and considering it as omitted from the racksection 75, it will be seen that a movement ofthe, carriage to the right from the starting'point could 'beetfected for an'i-ndefinite distance i or until the carriage is arrested by the margin stops. .During such movement the feed pinion stands at rest, and when the carriage isreleased from the backward pressure the. 7 spring drum will move it to the left until the tooth 88 strikes the feed pinionand the car-' riage will. be arrested inits initial position from which it was moved to the-right.

ferred toabove. However, for a distinct purpose to be hereinafter brought out; I deem it. advlsable in the present construction to use the contact 89, and when it'is vu'sed This prin cip'le of construction may be availed of fox-other purposes than'that specifically re there isonly a limited extentof independent movement of the carriage before'the pinion, and' ratchet wheel 32 connected'therewith, is

kicked back by the contact "89. Therefore, there is' a displacement of said ratchetwheel V v a traction of a letter space the ratchet wheel moving 'fromothe "Fig." 4 to theFig. 5' position; This. ;ti'-actional kicking back of the litlICllBhjVllQ-Ql toinsu're the proper en I gage nentor register of'the pawl 31 with the proper tooth of the ratchet wheel 32when thecarriage is released from backward pres-' sure and drops forward to the jposition.fr om which it had been inoved,or tromth'e point indicating twentynine to the poi f I ee ing; twenty-eight on the carriage scale. It

will be" seen that in moving the carriage backward; one space, or until the stops 118 and 119co-Jact, a fraction of such movement is due tojthe movementof the carriage inde pendently of thelfeed pinion. During the remaining fraction of the letter space moveinent the feed pinion is kicked back'through the engagement oii the contact 89 with the feed pinion. F igure 15 shows a relation of the parts 75.111 28 when the carriage has completed its push back movement. When the carriage is released frombackward pressure and drops forward in the direction of: 1ts i'eed,' the carriage withthe section 75 will firstmove to the left from the Fig. 15 position by an independent movement. 'VVhenthe tooth 88' reaches the feed pinion 28, the

latter together ,with the ratchet wheel '32 will he turned j 1orward from the Figure 5. to

the Figure t position, arresting thecarriage I atthe "last mentioned position, or when the carriage is at the point indicating twenty eight on "the carri ag'e'scale.

From what has been said above, it will be apparent that should the operator'desire to write the'ahbreviation of the month on abill,

it is merely necessary to force the carriage to the right from the Fig. 2 to the Fig. 3 position, and while the carriage is heldin this last mentioned posit-ion effect an imprint of the, first letter, say J, of the abbreviation and then release the carriage. The said letter J will appear on the paper one letter space to theleft of the letters, say UL to be subsequentlywritten in the usual manner, and which are indicated in Fig. 2; After the last letter, L, iswritten. the carriage will be automatically tabulated tothe next columnar ficld as previously described, and the operator may proceed as liereihbefore indicated.

\Vhile I have described in detail the operation'of each of the parts of'the construction,

'a brief general description of the operation of, the machine as a whole may not be amiss, Theoperator places the slip or form 24' in the machine as shown, either to enter the first charge or to enter an additional charge on a slip having entries already included thereon. Usually only a single line is Written on the slip at a time and a great many'are handled,

so that the saving of time in making entries is of the utmost importance. 7

The slip having b een introduced into the machine and positioned: to receive a line of writing, the carriage is moved to the right until arrested by the stops 118,119. This positions the carriage to enter the date in the column 82which may have a caption showing the month. If not, the abbreviation of the month is entered inthe manner hereinbefore described. Theday of the. month is then entere d as previously indicated, and the carriage will be automatically skipped to the second columnar field ready to enter the place called in the next column. After the place called has been entered the operator depresses the space key, causing the carriage to skip to'the' third columnar field where the entry may be made in the third or Amount column as previously described. When the operator writes a character in the units position the carriage will be automatically jumped to the next or fourth column. A single stroke of the key contmlling a logotype type bar will write the corresponding amount of the tax in this column, and that will result in automatically skipping the carriage to the final or code column, where ordinarily a single character is written. The line having thus been Written on the blank it is rapidly Withdrawn and another blank introduced and the operation repeated.

Should the operator desire to use the machine as an ordinary correspondence machine it is simply necessary to shift the finger piece 72 to the Fig. 7 position. This releases the rack 47 and allows it to engage the feed pinion. The operator may then proceed in the usual manner, the carriage being under control of the feed rack 47 and out. of control ofthe tabulator rack. While the rack 1 am aware that other'forms of construction n y be used. I wish to be understood as not a1 icting myself to the form of mechashown but to include any' suitable in for the purpose stated within the oatl purview vof'my invention as defined in certain of the following claims.

The machine embodying my invention has proved highly efficient in practice, enabling an'operator to introduce, fill in, and remove aslip with great rapidity.

It will. be seen, moreover, the ordinary No. 10 or 'No. 12 Remington machine may be readily converted to embody the features of my invention.

\Vhat I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is 1. .In a 'typewriting or like machine, the combination of a carriage; and means for controlling the movement of the carriage comprising a feed pinion, a plurality of members independently movable into and out of holdingengagement with said pinion, each member having one or more teeth and normally positionedto have a path of move ment that will bring it into engagement with said pinion, and means whereby said mem-' bers are successively and automatically disengaged from said pinion at given points in the travel of the carriage by co-operation with said pinion.

2.111 a typewriting orlike machine, the combination of a"carriage; and means for controlling the movement of the carriage comprising a feed pinion, a plurality of normally aligned members independently movable into and out of alignment and into and out of engagement with said pinion, and means wherebysaid inei'nbers are successively and automatically thrown out of alignment at given points in the travel of the carriage. i V

In a typewriting or like machine, the combination of a carriage; and means for COillTlOllillQThB movement of the carriage con'iprising a feed pinion, a plurality of normally aligned members independently movable into and out of alignment and into and out of engagementwith said pinion, and means whereby said members are successively and automatically thrown out of alignment at given points in thetravel of the carriage and through thejco-operation of said members with said pinion.

4. In a 'typewriting or like machine, the

4 combinationof a carriage;- I

controlling the "movement" of" the carriage COIIIPI'lSlIig a feed p1n1on,1a'p1ura11ty of nor and means for mallyl aligned-members independently movantomatically co-operative with saidlpinion to successively move'the individual members against the pressure of theinspi i'ngs and out" ofialignmentand engagement Withthe pin ionns the carriage reaches diffe 1' ent"given points in its trave1.j

,5. In'fa" typewiiting 01' like machine,the combinat on of afcai r age; and me'ans lor [Controlling the movement of the carriage comprising a feed pinion; I a plurality of menibers' independently V movable into and out-of engagement with said p nion, and

automatically operating means which" the said 'independent movementof the men' bers issuccessively effected at gi' venlpoints infthe travel of the carnage 16.. In a typewriting or like machine,, the "combination of ;a'carr1age;' and means for;

controlling thefm'ovement of thecaniage given points in, the travel of thefcafriag 'e' 1.7. In typewi' ting on like mach ne, the combination of a ;,a1-1-1age; and me'ansiorl'co'mplri'sing a feed pinion, a plurality of q'd members of different lengths independently said pinion'iand normally in' lposition to engage said' pinion and automatically operat- 111g means'by Which 'saidfmembers are suef V controlling th-e movement of the "carriage ic'ompr ising a ,feed pinion, and 'a phira lityY of co-operative rack sections movable inde movable into and out of engagement with cessivel V disen' a ed from said 7 inion at v I "b b i v controlling the movement" of j the fc arri age comprising a ffejed ip'ini'oni a plurality of Tack sections lndep'enden'tly movable nto and ont of engagement *wlth said pinion; a plurality "of sp ing pressed.pivoted; cai i'ieis' 'on "whi h said i a'ck sections are mounted; and automatieally: operating means contiolled by" the 7 position of the carriage'in its lin efof travel f for controlling successively such independent movement of saidjracklsec'tions. b 8,;11'1 typewriting or like machin the combination ia. carriagei and means for controlling the movement 'of the carr1age v 'escapement heel, ntermedlate pa'wlfanid comprising a feed pinion, a plurality of rack f'controlling sections. whiclttary in length and are independently movable into and \out of engage ment' with said pinion, and automatically operating mean'scontrolled by the position of the carriage inv its'flin e of travelfor success vely such ndependent a 41 9. In a typewi itiiigfor likefmachinm;the I comb nation ofaacairlage, automat cally op? crating means for causing the carriage to skin from the filfst to the second columnar. hich enable thefcarria'ge to- .be II'lOVfllfI'OIIlltS normal position at thebe posit-ion, means fginningof a line beyond or backio fsnch poposition of the carriage inits line of travel.

'tially,;to 'crowns'of the 'rack teeth and from the: last-of said teeth substantially 'to the ion only at thee the carriage ftofeng v v sure its disposal in theeiegistering fposi on] when the. carriage starts toffeedflfo'i wai tl."

sition at-least a letter space distance by a mere backwa id pressure exerted-on the cars riage in order'it'hatat least one additional character may be "Written in the first 'col nnin, and-means fo1"'arresting the sa id'ba'ck- 'm ward movementqof the 'fcairiage after it has been this back spaced the reqnisite distance.

10. In a typewritingorylike machinefthe combination of a carriagegfand means'for controlling the movement "of, the carr age comprlslnga feed pin on a plurality of rack ion, and automatically 1 operating means for successively disengaging-other offszud.v rack sections from the pinion determined 5 by the llfi'In typewriting on like machine, the

combination of a carriage and means "for controlling the, movement "of the carriage comprising a feed pinio ns'and a'pln-lfality of CO-DPGIfatlVQ .rack sections; one- 0f isaid 9 sections hayingfone or more teeth-atr thejad vancing end 'pottionthereof and havinga filled j untooth'ed pottio'n extending substanothef "end of the "rack section. a

V 12. In a typewritingon like ma'chinethe comb natlonflof a carriage; and means for pendently into and out. otengagement with 4 said pinion and each hatingioneori more 'teethj the advanclng end portion thereof and-having a filled iintoothedportionTex 10:57

tending substantially to crowns of the teeth};

thereon and from the last of said teeth Sllb rack section reaches the pinion sl chf section 13. In ty e rit en 03rukemac ine he combination of, a ca 'riage afee'dlpinien an;

fljatchet mechanism bet en said scapemeiifii heel and pinion, and means caifried'bythe c triage "and cooperativewithjsaidfiteed pin- "eretnrn movement'of Q'e said pinion: and-a s- 'r like fmachine, e:

combination of a carri e .wheel and; pinion, rack engage'able {with ,said'plnionbut out ofntermeshin eseaioe n'ient Wheel; nte 'mediatej -patvl a ndQ ratcl1et mechanism between sa d escape r to the pinion,

turned to the normal beginning ofaline, and

means carried by the carriageand co-operative with said feed pinion only at the ex {into and out of cooperative relation with said feed pinion, and. automatically operating means co-operating with said rack sections to move them successively out of cooperative relationwith saidpinion, whereby when one rack sectionv is shifted out of cooperative relation with: the feed pinion the carriage will move until arrested by the neXt adjacent racksection which: remains in effective position. 1

16. In a typewriting or like machine, the combination of a carriage, a feedpinion, and a tabulating rack (so-operative with said: pinion,,said tabulating rack comprising a plue rality of sections individually movable into and out of co-operative relation with said feed pinion, each. of certain of said: rack sections having an untoothed filled-in portion which co-acts with the feed pinion to automatically shift that individual rack sec- :tion out of co-operative relation with the feed-pinion and enable the carriage to move 'until arrested by the next adjacent rack section. Y

17. In a typewriting or like,machine,the

combination of a carriage, a feed pinion, anda tabulating rack. co-operatlve with said pinion, S211Cl tabulating rack comprlsingva plurality of sections individually movable into and out. of, co-operative relation'with said feed pinion, each of certain of said rack sections having anuntoothed filled-in portion which :co-acts with the feed pinion to automatically shift that individual rack section out of co-operative relation with the .feedtpinion and enable the carriage to move until arrested by the next adjacent. rack sec- -tion, the lengthflof each untoothed or filledin portion corresponding substantially to the length of tabulating movement eifected by the section carrying it, whereby each filledinportion may ride on the feed pinion duringthe tabulating movement of the ear riageand be held out of engagement with -18. Ina typewriting or like machine, the

combination of a carriage, a feed pinion, a

feed rack having all feed teeth omitted therefrom at a point to the left of where it coacts with the feed pinion when the carriage is in position to begina normal line of writing, whereby the pinion remains at rest during a backward movement of the carriage beyond its position to begin a normal line of writing, and means for arresting the carriage after a predetermined definite extent of such backward movement of the carriage has been effected.

19. In a typewriting or like'niachine, the combination of a carriage, a feed pinion, a feed rack member having all feed teeth omitted therefrom at a point to the left of where it co-acts with the feed pinion when the carriage is in position to begin the normal line ofwriting, whereby the pinion remains at rest duringa backward movement of the carriagebeyond its position to begin a normal line of writing, means for a1-restingtl1e carriage'after a predetermined definite. extent of such backward movement of the'carriage has been effected, and au'tomatically operating means for moving said rack member out of cooperati've relation with said'pinion at a given point in the travel of the carriage.

20. In a typewritinggor like machine, the combination of a carriage, a feed pinion, a tabulatorrack compris ng a pluralityof rack sections of different lengths and each having one or more teeth depending on the number of .step-by-step letter space move-' ments of the carriage to be effected with the aid thereof, said sections being mounted for individual movement into and out of co-operative relation with said feed pinion,

and automatically operating means for successively moving said sectionsout oflcooperative relation with the p nion at given points in the travel of the. carriage, the i said automatically operating means comprising a filled-in portion on each rack section to the right of the teeth thereof and with whichthe feed pinion co-acts to disengage such rack section from the pinion. 1

'22. In a typewriting or like machine, the combination of a carriage,.a feed pi nion, a. tabulator rack comprising a plurality of rack sections of different-lengthsand each having one of more teeth depending on the number of step-by-step letterspace movements of the'carriage to be effected with the aid thereof, said sections being. mounted for ind1v1dual movement into and out of co-ope eratlvc relation with sald feed pin1o'n,'autothe feed pinion.

matically operating means'for successively moving said sections out of co-operative relation with the pinion at given pointsin the travel of the carriage, the tabulator rack 7 having an additional rack section with teeth throughout. the entire extent thereof, and

key controlled .means effective only when the carriage is within a certain zone to disengage the last mentioned rack section from 23; In a typewriting or combination of a carriage, ajfeed pinion, a

tabulator rack having means co-operative with the feed pinion to automatically lift ithe'rack and free the carriage for tabulating movement and to arrest the carriage ,after such tabulating' movement has been completed,the construction and arrangement of the parts being "such that only a single tooth. of the feed pinion" ,co-acts'atsa time with' said rack to automatically free the ,carriage for tabulating movement 1 and alsofor effecting an arrest ofuthecarriage after such tabulating movement'has beencompleted, whereby if desired .the construction can be arranged to have the carriage' skip over but one letter space in a tabulating movement.

24. In a'vtypewriting or like machine, the

combination ofa ca'rr-iag'e, a feed pinion, and

a tabulator rack having means co-operative with the feed pinion to automatically lift of 'the'parts being such that-only a single the rack and-free the carriage for tabulating movement -'a1'1d-.to:ar rest the carriage after "such tabulating movement-has been completed, the construction and arrangement tooth of the: f'eedpinion "co-acts at a time with said rack to automatically fre'ethecarriage for tabulating movement and also. for efieeting an arrest of the carriage-after. such .tabulatlng movementihas beenv completed,

such a single: tooth'of the feed pinion always being in a given invariable position when the release and arrest of the carriage is effected; p p

25In a typewriting or like machine, the

combination of carriage, stop means for "determining the beginningiofalineea feed plnion, a rack member-adapted to mesh with "sa d feed pinion, means which at the'normal "beginning of a' 'line will permit the'ca-rriage to} be moved backbyme'rely exerting a back- :ward pressure thereon, and means operative v only when the carriage is moved back from 1 its normal beginning-of-the-lineposition to automatically kick back the feed pinion.

26. In a typewritin'g or like machinenthe combination of a carriage, stop means for determining the. beginning of 'a line, a feed pinion, a feed rack.l1aving teeth omitted; therefrom at a point to the left of where it oo-acts with the feed pinion when the carriage is in position to begin anormal line of writing, whereby the pinlon-remains at like machine, the i -ment mechanismtherefor including-a feed the travel of the carriage.

rest during a' backward movement of the carriage beyond its positionto begin anormal lme of writing, "and means operative "only when the carriage is being thusmoved backward for, automatically kicking back the feed pinion a fractionof the distance required for a full the carriage.

letterspace movement of 7. In a typewritingor like machine, the

combination of a carriage, stop means for determining the beginning of a line, escapepinion, and means which enable the carriage 'to be moved from its posit-ion to begin a normal line ofwritingback or beyondsuch position at least one letter space'by. .mere backward pressure exerted against. the carriage and which enables the'carriage. to drop;-

forward the distance it was movedback when backward pressure is released from the carriage, and means operativeionly when the carriage is being thus moved backward "for automatically kicking back. the :feed pinion a fraction. of'thedista'nce required for a full letter space movement ofthecan' riage.

a sepa-ratcand distinct feed rack, and means thatenab'le thec arriage to bema ntained m- In a typewriting or';-like machine, the comb nation of 'a carr a'ge, a'tabulator rack,

'95 definitely under control ofeither the tabulator or the feed rack asmay-be desired, said means including means for independ-q I v entlyshifting'lthe feed rack-into 0130111: of

use.

coinbina'tionpof a carriage, a-tabulator rack, I

a separate and distinctfee'd raclgandnieans; for independently h'oldi'ng'the feecl-raekout' of effective position, .wherebythe carriage 10 if lmay be controlled bysaidtalmlator rack.

.SOJIn a typewriting or like machine, the

combination of a carriage, a, feed pinion pinion, a separate .and distinct;tabulator iQn'therefor; a feedfrack that meshes with .saidjpinion, a separate andldistinct tabu- ""lator rack co-operative withsaid pinion, and

means for" independently holding, the feed rack disengaged indefinitely from'said feedl pinion, whereby: the tabulator rack controls.

32. In a typewritingorlike maehine, the

combination, of a',-carriage; means foreon- Z tlfollll'lg the movement of the carr age'comprising a feed pinioma plurality of members individually movable into and out of 5 co-operative relation with said pinion a feed" rack also, cooperative" with sald pinion' means 013, controlling the indivldual move- 29. 1 In a typewriting or like machine, the

r with said pinion.

'escapement insin between said pinion and wheel; stop 'ment of said members OtliLOif co-operativc relation with said pinion; and means for holding the feed rack indefinitely out o'l cooperation with the feed pinion. In a typewritinp; or like machine, the combination of a carriage; a feed pinion; a tabulator; rack comprising a plurality of rack sections individually movable into and out of co-operative relation with said pinion; autoinatically operating means for successively moving said sections out of cooperation with said pinion diii'erent points in the travel of the carriage; a con tinuous feed rack co-operative with said feed pinion; and-means operable at will for moving said feed rack to and holding it indefinitely in ineffective position so that the earriagewill be controlled by said tabulator rack.

- 34L. In a typewriting or like machine, the combination. of a carriage, a feed pinion, a tabulator rack co-operativc with said pinion, a continuous :teed racl likewise c-o-operative with the i eed pinion, 'a carriage release key for shifting said 'feed rack out oi" co-operation with the pinion, and ashit'tingz' and locking'key co-operative with said locking key to shift the latter and lock it in its Pfll'lr ated position and thus n'laintain indefinitely the feed rack out of cooperative relation 35. In a typewriting or like machine, the combination of a carriage, stop means for determining the beginning of a line, a feed pinion a rack member adapted to mesh w'th said i'eed pinion, and means-which at the normal beginning of a line will permit the carriage to be moved back by exerting only sufficient backward pressure tl ereon to overcome the weight of the carriage and the force of the carriage spring and while said stopmeans are maintained in the normal effective condition. 7

36. In a t DBWl'ltll'l" or'hke machine the,

p I 7 1 c 1 e I 7 combination or a carriage; a 1.86M pinion; an

wheel; pawl and'ratchet mechameans for arresting the carriage and determining the normal beginningof a line comprising a stop on the carriage, a rcoa cting stop on'thetanne of the machine said stops being fixed against displacementontheparts which carry them in the cooperation of the stops tor limiting the return movement of the carriage; means which on go said pinion to turn it during the iorward letter space movement of the ca riage; and means carriage to be moved from its position 'scparateand distinct fromsaid stops which enable; the carrlageby a mere backward pressure thereon to be shoved backa predetermined definitc'extcntbeyond the normal 7 at least one letter space after it has been arrested by said stops and from the point of contact between the stops, said automati- 'cally operating means being separateaand distinct from said margin stops p 38. Ina typewriting or like machine, the combination of a carriage, margin stops for limiting; the return movement of the can riage, said stops being, fixed on the parts that carry them in cooperating to arrest the carriage,-and automatically operating means which enable thecarriage to drop forward at'ileast one letterspace "attter it has been arrested by said stops and to permit the carriage tobe shoved back until arrested by the stops and immediately drop forward againat least va letter space distance when backward pressure is released on the carriages f I 39. In 'a typewriting or like machine, the combination of a carriagestop means 'for determining the beginning of a line comprising a stop on the carriage, a coacting stop on the frame of the machine said stops be ing fiXed against displacement o-n'the parts which carry stops for limiting the return vmovement of the carriage; and qeseape'ment mechanism therefor including means which 'enablej the i to begin. anormal line of writing back orbeyond such position at least one letter space by mere backward:pressure exerted against the carriage and which enable the 'ecarriage to drop forward the. distance it was moved back when backward pressure is released and tate of New York, this 3rd dayof July A. D. 1924.

mma nA RN them in the cooperation ofthe a,

Images