US1169739A - Type-writing machine. - Google Patents

Description

-1 Fl ALLARD. TYPE WRITING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED APR. I2. I9I3.

Patent-ed Jan. 25, 1916.

4 SHEETSSHEET I.

TLULWCZU@ Y I F. ALLARD.

TYPE WIIITING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED APH, l2,

Patented Jan. 25, 1916.

4 SHEETSWSIIEEI 2.

J F. ALLARD.

TYPE WRITING MACHINE.

APPLICATION mw APR. v2, 1913.

Patented Jan. 25, 1916.

4 SHEEYSSHEET 3.

1 P. ALLARD,

TYPE wRTrNG MAGNUM.

APPLICTON HLED APR. ,2` V3I-3.

Patented Jim. '3, IJlf.

4 SHEETSHSHEU 4.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

J FRANK ALLARD, 0F BROOKLYN, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR TO UNDERWOOD TYPE- WRITER COMPANY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION OF DELAWARE.

TYPEWRITING MACHINE.

Application filed April 12, 1913.

lie it known that I. J lfimxn Amann. a citizen ol the United States. residingy in Brooklyn. in the county ot' kings and State otl New York. have invented eertain new and useful Improvements in 'I`ype\Vriting i\fiarhines. ot whieh the following a speeiiication.

This inventirn relates primarily to typewritingr machines constructed to write in languages such as Korean. (hinese. .lapanese. ete.. in which independently printed charactersare grouped side by side and one above another. tor the purpose ot making units or logogran'is.

'l`he machine shown in the drawings is constructed to write Korean language; but eertain i'eaturcs et the invention can be used in writing other agglutinate languages. Korean lint` oi' writing extends trom top t0 bottom of the page; and it is one ot the objef'ts ot' the present invention to write such language without the, necessity of a complicated mechanism. and particularly to adapt a machine ot ordinary construction to write such language.

ln writingv Korean aceordiingr to the present invention. the work-sheet is placed in a typewritinpr machine side first. with its top edge at the let't, and its bottom edge at the right.. 'i'he eliaraeters are placed cumbent or crosswise upon the type-bars with the tops ot' the characters at the lett, so that the impress-hns made thereby upon the worksheet are in cumbent positions. The paper marriage may be eaused to have stepby-step or letterl'eediirLy nwvements from right to lrf' and when a line ol" writing is eonr pulir/l. the sheety may be removed, and may laL :ni-ned ai wel and read from top to botttm in the manner customanv with the Korean nation, White the paper is in the machine. it may be line-spaeed by advancing the platen in the manner usnal in writingf English on typewriting machines. and hence several lines may be written ou the sheet. all ot which will appear in proper sequence from right to left. when the worlesheet is removed and turned around so as to read the writing from top to bottom.

l also aim to overcome the ditr'ieulty en countered in constructingr a machine to carry out the above method of operation. whirh is oeeasioned hv the necessity of Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Jan. 25, 1916.

Serial No. 760,617.

grouping;r seve al Korean or other agglutinate characters or syllables or sections together; the ditiieulty oeeurring because of the necessity of having the types placed sidewise on the bars. and yet ,occupying but little room in the type basket.

In writing Korean down a page, characters are grouped one under another. as many as four characters. syllables or seetions sometimes being placed one under another in a single complete grouping?r or iogograin. Now when the workfsheet is turned quartenway around. so as to write the line in the manner above specified. it follows that owing to the nece ity of providing seetional or 'syllabie types that will print in the required different positions in the several groups, the types must be of undue width, that is. ot a width inconsistent with the necessary close arrangement of the types in the type basket. Sometimes the several syllabi(l characters or sections when grouped together on a printed sheet. form a single grouping or logogram which may be twice as high as it is wide. Hence in the type basket. the several types by which said logo- ;ram may be printed in eumbent position. would he so disposed that they would take up twiee the ordinary lateral room in the type basket; sinee eaeh character would need to be so placed on the.' type bar, that it would strike the. platen in the proper relationship to other characters; that is, at one side thereof. Some of the types would have to he double or even quadruple width, which would be iz'npractieable, or else the sizes o all the characters would have to be redneed to an extent to be prohibitive. Anothei ditiieulty that presents itself is the apparent neeessity tor making wry many dulilieate characters. since in some cases a eonsonant or section must be printed in three. or perhaps more, diti'erent positions upon the work-sheet. in combination with other characters. thus making it necessary to provide three or more typebars for eaeh of such eliararters. in overcoming these ditiieulties. i have arranged to make the principal consonants, syllables. sections or characters of a size nearly equal to the letter-feeding movement of the carriage; and in writing each Korean complete grouping or legogram, I first print the Character or chary acters forming the first part or section ot the logiigram, then space the carriage. and then print the character or characters forming the second part of the same logogram or grouping. Thus every character in each groupingT may have ample room, and may be of substantial dimensions, without the necessity of having extra wide tvpes for this purpose. None of the types need to be of excessive width, and hence there is ample room in the ty] basket. for them all. Moreover. the nece ty ot having the same c iaracter in ditierent positions upon different type-bars is largely avoided.

In order to avoid errors through unintentional superposition of consonants upon consonants, or other objectionable results, the operator needs only to remember to operate the carriage-spacing key after each vowel is written, whether the vowel be single or double. The carriage is not caused to feed by the operation of the character type keys, but the carriage feeding. mechanism is always silent, and it will feed only when a space-key is operated. In using my machine, therefore, the operator will touch two or three keys forming theI first syllable or part of .t group, the last of these keys being a vowel; and will immediately touch a space key and thus space the carriage, and will proceed to complete the group. 1f the word or logogram is long, the operator will again touch a space-key and add another group, and so on. After the completion of the word or logogram, the carriage is spaced to produce the necessary blank interval between the words. The types .a'institute sections of the syllable or of the final complete character or logogram, and these types or sections are mounted to strike at the same piinting point, so that their imprints would be superposed, but by iiians of said space-key a relative movement e ifecn-ii between the worksheet and the types, to cnabk` the type sections to combine their imprints to build up the required iogogram or multiple space character.

Another feature of the invention. relates to equipping the same nnichine' writing in another language. at will. as for instance, English or French.

Still other features and ad.:intages will also hereinafter a ppear.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 shows the Korean consonants and vowels by means of which the written logograms.units, or groupings of the Korean language are i the vowels bring geni rally placed or at one side the cniisonants, as illustrated at Fie. 2. Fi". l also shfrws some in lwriting' Korean. Fig. shows a work-s 11,-et on which are written some Korean logogranis; each line of writin reading from top to bottom, and the lines beirg pla ccd one at the side of another. Between the lines of writing appears a series of dashes, which are used herein diagramniatically to indicate the letter-feeding movements of the paper farriage, or in other words, to show the sub-divisions of the line of writing: from which it will be noticed that each of the consonants takes up about an entire sub-division or letter-space. Fig. Ii is a sectional side elevation, taken about reutrally from front to rear of a tyl'iewritmg machine of the Underwood style and constructed in accordance with the present iniprovements. Fig. -t is a plan of the lfeyboard. Fig. 5 is a diagrammatic plan of the types, nearly as they appear in the type basket. Fig. (i is a perspective front view of the principal parts of the key-operated. mechanism, showing clearly the devices for silencing the letter-feeding mechanism. Fig. 7 is a front view of the letter-feeding or escapement dog rocker, showing t v`:itions of the parts when Englis being written on the typewriter. Fig. 8 is a perspective rear view of the parts seen at Fig. 7. Fig. 9 is a front View similar to Fig. T, but showing the normal positions of the parts for writing Korean. Fig. 10 is a sectional side elevation to illustrate the movement of the universal bar when the letter-feeding mechanism vis silenced by reason of the operation of one of the special all-Korean keys when the case-shift mechanism has been shifted to upper-case or abnormal position. Fig. 11 is a view similar to Fig. 3, but showing the mechanism positioned to write English words.

The Korean types 10 are connected to figure keys 11, to strike a platen 12. In many respects the machine illustrated in the drawings resembles the well-known Underwood front-strike writing machine, the tyi'ies being mounted upon bars 13 which are pivotcd upon a. curved fulcrum wire 14 to strike rearwardly through a ribbon against the front side of said platen 12. the ribbon. being mounted upon the usual vibrator 15, which at every key stroke lifts the ribbon to cover the printing point and then drops it to uncover the printing plant. driven by bell cranks 16, which have pinand-slot connections at 17 to levers 1H carrying said keys 11` the levers being fuicrunicd at their rear ends upon a, rod 15) and having returning springs Q0, and being connected between their ends to said bell cranks lo. The work-sheet 21 is seen at Fig. 3 as havingr been placed around the platen, and a Korean type is sei-n as striking the same.

The Korean type characters 10 are placed rrosswise on the type bars 13, so that the type impressions upon the work-sheet 21 will appear cumbent. Said work-sheet having been inserted sidewise into the machine` as will be explained, the impressions will therefore appear in proper position one under another* when the sheet is taken out and The type-bars are turned around so as to bring' its top into propel' position to be viewed by the reader.

Fig. 5 showsa diagrammatic plan or projection of the types as they appear in the type basket, the types being in the form of raised reverse characters. as shown. 'l`he impressions made by the types are seen at Fig. 1, in which figure the consonants are shown rseparately from the vowels and from the special or arbitrary characters. At Fig. 2 are seen two lines of writing upon the work sheet 21, the right-hand edge of which, it will he understood, is introduced first into the typewriting machine, the letters heilig written from top to bottom of the sheet, but appearing while in the machine to be written from left to right.

As will be apparent from an inspection of Figs. l and 5, the consonants usually occupy the entire width of their types, and hence occupy approxin'iately an entire subdivision of the. printing space on the work-sheet. lt will be ntiticed at Fig. l that some of the consonants are duplicated; certain of them being deiressed, to permit the writing of horizontal vowel marks thereover. These vowel marks are properly located on their type blocks for this purpose. as seen at Fig.

The vertical vowel marks may be written at the right of the several consonants seen at Fig. 1.

None of the character kejs l1 will effect a letter-spacing movement of the carriage 22 on which the platen 12 is carried: but after a consonant has been written and its vowel then added thereto. the operator depresses a space key 23. which feeds the carriage one space. lt will be noticed that the car riage has the usual rack il to mesh with a pinion 25. which is connected to an escapement wheel QG. and that feeding digs 2T. 2S control the movements of said escapement wheel. These dogs are mounted on a rocker Q9, from which depends an arm ft), in positionto be engaged by a space-key arm 31. rlihe space-key Q3 is mounted on arms 3Q. which extend forwardly from a rock shaft 33, and said arm 31 extends hack from this shaft. The letttafeeding movement of the carriage produced b v depressing .said key 23, is therefore accomplished li'n the manner usual in typewriting machines: the arm 3l swinging up andthe rocker 29 being swung to carry the dog 23 into and the dog '2T out of engagement with the wheel 2G; and a spring 34 returning the parts to normal positions upon the release of the key 23. thereby permitting the wheel lo to escape one teoth and the carriage 22 to feed one space. Having therefore written a consonant with its accompanying vowel to make a syllable, and then depressed the space key to feed the paper along. the operator proceeds to write the succeeding consonant and its accompanying vowel, to make another syllable. 1f it is the end of a word, the operator may depress the space-key 23 twice, .so as to produce the space between words. 1f, however. the word is yet inconiplete. the operator presses the key 'ifi only once, and then proceeds to write. another consonant with its accompanying vowel or vowels. to forni the remainder of the logogram or grouping` .several examples of which are seen at Fig. lt will be seen that they characters are sulliciently large to be legible without making the types unduly wide: and iu using the machine in this way it is only necessary for the operator to remember lo press the .space-kav 23 after every single er double vowel. 'l`he type sections all strike at the same printing point, and unless the paper were `stepped along they could not combine to print a complete logogram or word. But said space-key moves the paper just far enough to enable the type imprints to combine to form a single multiple-space logogram. lly making the type-sections strike at a single printing center. compactncss of the arrangement of the types in the machine is secured. More over. it becomes practicable to combine the English or other lhenician alphabet types with the agglutinate type-sections.

'l`here .should appear a slight clear space between the sub-groups forming the main groupings or logograms; and in order to provide for this clearance, 1 form the tynes on a smaller pitch than would naturally conform to the letter-spacing movements of the carriage. Preferably the types are made of a suitable size for writing nine characters to the inch, while the carriage is arranged to travel onceighth of an inch at cach movement: whereby the desired clearance between the sulrgroupings is secured.

rlhe ribbon carrier lo, as usual in the l'nderwootl machine, is caused to rise at the t'vpc strokes to cover the printing point with the ribbon. 'l`he type-bars have heels 35 which press rearwardly a universal bar ill?. which is formed on the forward end of a frame 37. Rising from said universal har is a plate 38, having a slot Clt), in which is confined a pin 4l) on a lever 4l, which is connected at l2 to the lower end of the ribbon carrier 15: said lever being pivoted at 43 upon a bracket 44. This universal bar frame 33T. il will be remembered. does not perform its usual function of operating the feed dogs 2T and 28 when Korean characters are heilig printed, but operates only to raise and lower the ink ribbon; the usual spring l5 being provided for returning the universal bar frame forwardly to normal position.

One of the features of invention disclosed in the drawings relates to using the same typewriting machine for writing in either of two language.` at will. 1t will be seen at Tig, 5 that each type blcck carries English letters 46 placed longitudinally of the typebars in the usual manner. so that the letters wiil appear in their natural upright positions on the paper in the machine; whereby the machine is adapted to print English as well as Korean; although not limited t0 these languages. ny language using the `Roman alphabet. or 1*- -r derivative of the ihenician alphabr ould be written, as well as Korean or other language using cemposite or agglutinate characters built up by printing several character types one after another in various positions or groupings before feeding the work-sheet, particularly where the lilies of writing reatl up and down the page.

The Roman characters are shown placed at the extreme tips of the type-bars, and the ase-shift mechanism usual in the Underwtod machine is brought into requisition to enable the Roman characters to be written. Fither of two shift keys 47, 48, may be used for this purpose; preferably the key 4S. because it is provided with a latch 49 (Fig. 11) t0 catch over a pin 50 on the shift key lever 51. to hold the same dcwn and leave both hands of the operator free for manipulating the type keys: the latch being releasable by a handle Cach of the shift levers 51, 53 has at its rear end` an upstanding arm. These arms7 designated as 54, 55. engage bell crank arms 56, 57 on a platen-shifting frame. which is hinged at to the main framework 59 of the. typewriter. These bell cranks comprise arms (E0 which are joined at their for- Yard ends by a shift rail (31. The platen 12 is mounted in a platen frame 62, which is connected by rock arms G3 to the main carriage said rock arms extending forwardly frtm a rock shaft (i4 in the usual manner; whereby the platen lnay shift up andy down, but is compelled to travel with they carriage. Thcplaten frame has a roll (34 to run upon said rail G1; and wlien thc rail is lifted the platen and frame `a`i f'thrown up to the, Fig. 11 position, to enable the and so there is connected tothe case-shift mechanism a shiftable device which, when the parts are in the shifted Fig, 11 position, causes the universal bar frame 37 to operA ate the carriage-feeding dogs 27, 28. Said shiftable device is in the nature of an interponent (Figs. 7 to 10), which is de pressed or silenced at Fig. Si while Korean is being written, but which is shifted by either shift key 47 or 48 up to effective positi( n (Figs. 7 and 11). At Fig. 11 it will be seen that'said interponent is engageable by the rear edge of the universal frame 37 to transmit the movement of the latter' to the dog rocker, so that the dogs are caused to reciprocate at every type-key stroke. so that the 'arriage may feed after cach type is printed. This interponent is fixed upon a slide (i6 which can be shifted up and down on the frcnt side of the dog rocker Q9; said slide having a slot 67 by which it is guided on suitable brackets G8 fixed on the dog 'rocker. A spring (39 tends constantly to lift the interponent to the effective pcsition at Figs. 7 and 11; and an arm 70, which projects rearwardly from a rock shaft 71. is provided with a lip 7'2 to engage a lug 73 projecting from the interponent slide (3G, to depress the same; the position of the rock shaft 71 being contrclled by the platen shift rail (il, to which is fixed a depending arm 71, which has a slotted pci-tion 7.3 to engage and depress an arm 76 fixed en said rock shaft 71. This arm 74. 75 shown at Fig. (i as holdingr down the arm 76; the parts be ing in position for writing Korean. and the interponent G5 being drcpped out of the path of the universal bar 37.

When the shift rail 61 rises, counterweights 77 cn arms 70 and 7G tend to cause said arms to rise; and this motion is as sisted by the spring (it) which elevates the interponcnt (S5 to the Fig. 7 position. so that the carriage may feed automatically while English.y Roman. Greek or other suitable lettcrs are being written: this of course making no difference inthe operation of the space-key Q3. which is now used only for upper-case or English characters to printwilie purpose of making spaces between the principal Kcrean characters not being` able to strike the platen at this time. The arm 44, which carries the ribben-vibrating lever 41.y is fixed to said shift rail (il to shift up and down therewith; the bcdily shifting movement of the lever' 41 being permittcd by the length of the slot 39 in which the pin 40 works. Hence. the ribbon vi brates to cover and uncover the printing point when the llnglish alphabet is being used`r as well as when the Korean characters are being used.

\Vhen writing English, it is desirable that the carriage E22 should make its letter-feeding movements automatically, as usual, at the depressions of the various type keys;

words in the usual manner in writiner ling lish. Y

Special Korean character keys 78. 7.() and S0 fail to feed the carriage. not only when the platen 12 is down as at Fig 3, but also when it is elevated as at Fig. 11; because the upper-:ase as well as the lowercase characters on these keys are Kor am, and it is therefore desired that the carriage should not feed at all when either upper or lower case characters are being written thereby. In order to provide that these special keys shall not feed the carriage when writing upper-case characters, each of the keys 7S` 79 and 80 is provided with a silencing mechanism, which may comprise a link 81 ltit connected at iti-t lower end to the eorrespondlng key level', and its upper end having a Slot 542 to engage a pin e' provided upon an arm Si extending rearwardly from the roek shaft 7l. llvlien the maehine is in lowercase or Korean-writing position, these slotted links 82 ride idly up and down upon the pins Sli; but upon the parts being `@hifted to -he upper-ease poezition, the three arms til roek up to the Fig. ll position, so that the pins 82% shift up to the top of the slots n2. This having been done. it follows` that when- Gfefr any of the three type keye` TH, T), nl) is depressed. its` arsoeiated link #il is pulled down, and thun4 rockbl down the arm Si and roek shaft Tl to whieh ity is fixed, and Causes arm 7l) on Said Aahaft to hear down lug T3, and thereby pull down the slide (Sli and its interponent (55. This occurs before the heel 35 of the type-bar eti-ikea the universal har 36. 'hen the universal bar is finally struck and moves backward, the interpellent (35 is held depressed by the link il as aforesaid, and hence no motion is transmitted from the universal har to the dog rocker 2S) and the earriage fails to feed. 'Illia permits the use of eXtra kevs which are not neeessary for writing English. Since each of these extra keys has two Korean characters thereon. it, will he underatood that `very few ofeueh extra keys will Sulliee, so that. the keyboard will notl be unduly enlarged, or in other words, the keys are brought within the limit of an ordinary typewriting machine, so that very little change needs to be made, in the machine in order to adapt it for writing either Korean or Iilngliah at will. The type` whieh are eonneeted to keys T8, T2), 8O are marked H5, N3, o7 at Fig. 5,

lt will he seen by eomparing the keys and the. types at Figs. 4 and 5, that there are upon the upper ease-shift several punctuation marks, and figures and a few eliaraetera for VEnglish writing: and it will be understood that all of these would feed the carriage autoinairally. lt will be alo ob- `eervedithat' the Korean eharaeteray upon the ,loupe read i'xaturally` that ie., they are stand-f ing upon their feel, and appear the naine on the lieve an they do on the vertn'al line of Korean writin". whereas on the types the character are pla'zed in ruinlient positions or eros-wise on the typen; or iu other words, the Korean type poz-itioiul at lfig. 5 are at right angle:-l to the iguref, at Fig. l, for reasons: already explained,

From the foregoing it will he #een that the same maehine in adapted both for writing Korean eliaraelers down a page, and for wiiing linglish eharaeteix arrose a page, and the eos-,t of produeing the unn'lnne is onlv a trifle greater than the coat of produeing a machine, for writing 1korean or only" linglish. Y

rlhe arrangement of the l\orean types to print at a Common eenter in such a way that the carriage may be spaced during the writing of a multiple-Space Korean unit or sub-grouping (including several consonants and vowels) not only permits the use of large types without unduly increasing the width ofthe types, but also enables the rillinlier of types. to be kept at sueh a minimum that the same typewriting maehine may have Capacity for a set of additional types, auch as English or the like; and these English or other types may be placed upon the :same type-bars or blocks as the Korean, and a case-shift mechanism may be used to print either one language or the other as required. The English types are shown as comprising an alphabet of capital letters, and these correspond to the capital shift types of an ordinary typewriting machine.

At Figs. 3 and 4- there shown a key 88, nhieh is depressed as soon as the last logoram or sub-grouping is written in Koreaan. 'i he operation of this key causes the carriage to make two letter-feeding movements. Thus the earriage is fed not only for the last logogram or unit. but also-for the space between the worde. lvsually when writingthe last vowel in each sub-grouping or unit, the ordinary spaee-key 23 depressed simultaneously with the type key; but when writing the very last cha 1aeter in a unit or grouping` the key S8 is depressed simultaneously with the type key. Suitable meehanism may be eonneeted to the key 88 to enable it to produee two letter-feeding movementa` or double feed of the paper carriage There is illustrated hereinl one form of surh meehanism. but any other form may be used. ln the form illustrated, the carriage may make a eomplete feeding movement at the down stroke of the key 8H. and may also make an additional eomplete feeding movement at the return stroke of sain key thus making two n'ioveiuents of the earriage for every eomplete operation of said key 548. The la t-mentioned key is mounted upon a lever Si?. fillernniod at il() on the framework. and having a rearwardly extending arm 9i, whieh earries a pin l2 to engage a .alot 93 in an arm ll-l, whieh proieets from a 'horizontal roi-k haft 93 extending aeross the maehine. Kir-ing from this roek s-.haft i5 an arm fll'. having a vani JT to engage a pin M projeeting from the lower end of the dog roekel- :irm Ill), lipon depression of the key HH, the arm ll rises and earries up the arm nl. thereby roeking the shaft 95 and swinging the arm fl forwardly, so that the cam il? thereon may foree up the pin 98 and pass beneath the `:ame and elear thereof, as seen in dotted linea` at liig. 3. When the apex or point oll the ram passing under the pin 9S, the do; roeker i-unpletes one movement; and after the forwardly swinging eam passes the piu, the anual epring Si (Fig, n) returns the dog rocker and the carriage :22 feeds along. while the key 88 is held down by the operator. VUpon releasing said key. a strong spring J9 i'etiirns the same and forces the cam arm 9G rearwardly; a second rain l0() thereon now engages the same lpin 9o and again forces the saine upwardly. to repeat the movement of the dog rocker Zihtlie latter completing its new initial stroke as the point otl the cam passes rearwardly under the pin 9&5. 'lhe rocker 2S) then makes its return stroke as the cani arm 96 completes its backward movement to normal position.

Variations liiay be resorted to within the scope ot' theI invention, and portions ot' the improvements may be used withoiit others.

llaving thus described my invention I claim:

l. A typewriter for the Korean or analogous language, comprising consonant and vowel types all mounted crosswise so as to make the written characters appear in cilinbeiit positions, a carriage, letter-feeding mechanism silent during the writing of the consonants and accompanying vowels; each ot' said consonants occupying about an entire letter-feeding space or subdivision of the writing line` and the consonant types mounted to strike all in the saine place, so that their impressions would be siiperposed; and a key for feeding the carriage a letter space at a time, whereby after writing a consonant and its acconipairving single or doiihle vowel. said space-key may be operated to re-position the carriage to enable the writing of the saine logogiain or grouping to be completed.

2. typewriter for the Korean oi' amilogous language, comprising consonant aiid \owel types` all mounted crosswise so as to make the written characters appear in cumbent positions, a carriage, letter-feeding mechanism silent during the sitingof the consonants and accompanying vowels; each ot' said consonants occupying about an en- 'tii-e letter-feeding space or subdivision of the writing line, and the consonant types mounted to strike all in the saine place, so that their impressions would he siipei'posed, a key 'or feeding the carriage a letter-spaee at a time. whereby after writini a consonant and its accompanying singltr or double vowehsaid space-key may he operated to reposition the carriage to enable the writing oi the same logogi'ain or grouping to be completed. and a second key for feedingr the carriage two spaces at each opei'ation ot' said second key.

Si. typewriter for the Koi'eaii or anal ogous language. comprising consonant and vowel types` all mounted crosswisi\ on the type-bars so as to make the written characters appear in cui'nlient positions. keys to operate the type-bars, a ribboirvibrating mechanism opi-rated by said keys at every type stroke, a carriage. letteren-ming mechanism silent during the writing ot' the consonants and awonipanving vowels: each of said consonants occupying about an entire letter-feeding` space or subdivision ot the writing line. and the consonan` \pes mountA ed to strike all in the same piace. so that their impressions would ne siiperposed. and a key for feeding the carriage a letter-space at a time.

4. A typewriter for the Korean or analogous language, comprising consonants and vowel types, all mounted crosswise on the type-bars so as to make the written characters appear in ciimbent positions, keys to ope ate the type-bars, a ribbon-vibrating mechanism operated by said keys at every type strike, a carriage, letter-feeding mechanism silent duringr the writing ot' the consonants and accompanying vowels; each of said consonants (cciipying about an entire letter-feeding' space or sub-division ot the writing line, and the consonant types mounted to strike all in the saine place, so that their impressions would be siiperposed, a key for feeding the carriage a letter-space at a time, and a second key for feeding the arriage two spaces at each operation ot` said second key.

A typewriting machine having a set of Korean types and a set of English types, the Korean types being set crasswise relatively to the English types.

(i. A typewriting machine having a set of Korean typesy and a set of English types, the Korean types heilig set crosswise relatively to the English types, keys for operating the types, and letter-feeding mechanism silenced when Korean types are being printed, but etr'eetive when English types are being printed.

7. A typewriting machine` having a Set of' Korean types and a set ot' English types, the Korean types being set crosswise relatively to the English types, keys tor operating the types, letter-feeding mechanism ehcctive when English types are being printed. and a ribbon-vibrating mechanism operative when either English or Korean types are being printed.

S. A typewriting machine havingr a set 0f Korean types and a set of English types. the Korean types being set crosswise relatively to the English types, keys for operating the types, letter-feeding mechanism silenced when Korean types are beingr printed, but effective when English types are being printed, and a rihbon-vibiating mechanism operative when either English or Korean types are being printed: said machine including a kev tor eti'ecting letter-spacing movements independently of the type keys.

ll. A tvpewriting machiney having a set of Korean types and a set of English types, the

silenced y when Korean types are being printed, but

llLi

Korean types being set croissvvise relatively to the English typos. keys tor operatingr the types. lctter-feeding.r mechanism silenced when Korean types are being printed, but etlcctive vvhen English types are being' printed. a ribboi'i-vilnating mechanism operative, vvhen either lngrlish or Korean types are being printed; said machine including a key for etlectin;r letter-spacing niorenicnts iiidiaiendently ol' the type keys. and a key for etl'cctingf tvvo lettera-'pacingmovements at each operati/ai thereof.

1t). typcvvriting; machine havingV a casesliii't mechanism, key-i-outrollcd types constructed to vvrite in one language at one position oi' the case-shift mechanism and in a dili'ercnt language at ancthcr position ot' the Afase-shift mechanism, and letter-feeding iiiechaniz-'ni operable by the keys only when writing one ol said languages and not the other.

li. A typewritintr machine having a Caseshilt mechanisn'i and also having type-operating or controlling keys, a lctterteeding mechanism, a universal bar operable by the keys. an intcrpinient normally between said bar and said letter-feeding niechanisr'n at one position ii said case-shift niechiinisui. alid a connection troni the rase-shift mechanism ivhercby the interpoiient is inetl'ective at another position ot' .said case-shift niechanisni.

12. A typcvvritingiF machine provided with `key-o1:erated types so arranged with refer- `ence to the printingr point, that consonant and vovvel types vvill strike one by the side ot another in the saine subdivision ot the writing line, and having.:r a letter-feeding mechanism inoperable by the keys when operating; said types whereby groupings or sub-groupings may be ctl'eeted or logograms 'written by said types. a key for operating said letter-feeding mechanism, a set of types to write a dill'ei'ciit language, and means ctl'ective when the last-mentioned types are being,r used. t'or operating the letter-feeding mechanism at every type stroke.

13. A typewriting machine havingv a caseshit't mechanism. a group of type-hars carrying Korean types for printing at one position ot' the case-shitt mechanism and linglish or Roman alphabet types for printing at another position ot' the case-shift mechanism: each type-bar carrying a Korean type and a Roman type, the Roman type being set in natural position. and the Korean type being setr erossvvise thereto or in cuiubent position.

ll-i. typevvriting machine having; a caseshift mechanism. a group of type-bars carryinpY Korean types for printing at one position of the case-shift mechanism and English or lioiiian alphabet types for printingBr at another position of the case-shift mechanism, each type-bar carrying a Korean type and a Roman type, the Roman type being set in natural position, and the Korean type being,r set crosswise thereto or in cunibcnt position. and keys connected to said type-bars and bearing both English and Korean characters.

L3. tyl'ievvriting machine having,r a casesliilit mechanism, a group of type-bars carrying Kore-.iii types for printintcr at one position ot' the case-shift mechanism and Ciiglish or `Roman alphabet types for printing at another position of the case-shift mechanism, each type-bar carrying a Korean type and a Roman type, the Roman type beingr set in natural position, and the Korean type being set crosswise thereto or in cunilieiit position. and keys connected to said type-bars and bearing both English and Korean characters; the Korean characters being sliovvn on said keys in their upright or natural positions.

1o, A typevvriting machine having a caseshitt mechanism. a group of type-bars carrying Korean types for printing at one position ot the rase-shift mechanism and English or Roman alphabet types for printing at another position of the case-shift mechanism. each type-bar carryingr a Korean type and a Roman type. the Roman type being set in natural position, and the Korean type beingr set crossvvise thereto or in cui'iibent position, keys connected to said type-bars and bearing both English and Korean characters. thc Korean cliaracteri. beingY shown on said keys in their upright or natural positions, and letter-feedincr mechanisni etfective iii that position ot the caseshit't mechanism in which thc Roman alphabet /is printed. but ineffective yin the case- Shift position when the Korean types are printed.

17. A typevviiting machine having; a cascshift mechanism and provided with different sets ot' types for ue in lith-went positions of the 'ase-shift nicchai.v an, the tvpes in one set being.: arranged in natural positions, and thosel in the other set being: crossvvise thereto. whereby when using the tirst set the lines run across the page one line under another iipon a work-sheety introduced head iii-st into the mai iiine, and vvlien using the second set the lines run dovvn the page bv the side of one another upon a work-sheet introduced side-foremost into the machine.

li` A typevviiting machine having a case` shift. mechanism and provided with diti'cr-- ent sets of types for use in ditferent positions of the ease-shift mechanism, the types in one set being arranged in natural positions,y aud those in the other set being crossvvise thereto` whereby when using thc set the lines run across the paci one iine under another upon a work-sheet introduced head first into the machine, and when using il-Qi the second set the lines run down the page by the side ot' one another upon a worksheet introduced side-foremost into the machine. the types in the second set being.: capable of writin5 r in various positionsI relatively to one another to make groupings 01' logogrrams; and automatic lettcrfeedingl mechanism effective only when the types in the first set are being printed.

1D. A typewriting machine having.r a caseshitt mechanism and provided with dilt'erent sets of types for use in ditl'erent positions oi' the case-shift mechanism. the types in one set heilig arranged in natural positions, and those in the other set heine` crosswise thereto, whereby when using the first set the lilies run across the page one line under another upon a work-sheet introduced head l'irst into thc machine. and` when usiner the second set the lilies run down the page h v the side ot' one another upon a work-sheet introduced side-foremost into the machine. the types in the second set heinel `capahle of writing in various positions relatively to one another to make groupings or logo- ;Irams. automatic lctter-'letaling mechanism ll'ective only when the types in the lirst set are hcin; printed. a letter-leedintlV spacekcy. and au additional space-key having means for producing;l a douhle letter-fetalintr movement.

zo. typewriting machine havingy a sinfle .set ol' keys. a single set ot' type-hars connected thereto. and two sets ol' types on said hars; one set heine` a lvoman alphahet with the types in natural positions and the other .set heine' a horean or analogous alphahet with thc types set crcsswise or in cumhcnt positions uptn the hars: each ol' said keys showing thc characters on the har to which it is connected. and hoth characters on cach key lit-irrey in natural or upright positions.

2l. ln a typcwriting machine comprising` a case-.shift mechanism and a letter-lccdinzer mechanism. thc comliinatiln with a rihhon vilirator. ol. type-controlling key-1. a har universal to said keys operating' said vihrator. andan interponent het wecn said har and letter-l'eedinj mechanism connected to said case-shift mechanism l'or rendering the lettertec-ding' mechanism ell'ective at one position and inell'cctive at the other position ol said case-shil't mechanism.

2;. typcwritinzgr machine comprisingr two sets ot' types and a case-shift. mechanism: one ol' said sets oll types constructed and arranged to make groupings ol' charactcrs or loe'ograms. and cllective when said cases-hilt mechanism is in one position. and the other oll saiil sets of typcs comprising!` suhstantially thc Homan alphalic. and clicci\e when the casc-shil'l mechanism is in thil oth r position: aml a letter-feeding mechanism havin;r a shil'talle part connected to thi| case-shift mechanism to render the lettei'-l"eedingT niechanism ineffective when the case-shift mechanism in the tiret-mentioned position.

1233. l he eomhinatien otl a carriage, two sets of types. a case-shift mechanism, a letter-feeding.;` mechanism. a universal har, an interponent to transmit movement hetween said universal Ii'ar and said letter-feeding mechanism. and means ccnnecting said interponent to said case-shift mechanism to withdraw the interponent when the caseshitt mechanism lnoves to one ol its positit ns.

il. The comhination of a carriage. two sets ot' types. a case-shift mechanism, a letter-feeding mechanism. a universal har, an iatcrpoi'ient to transmit movement between said universal har and said letter-letaling mechanism. means connecting said interpt nent to said case-shift mechanism to with draw the interponcnt when the case-.shift mechanism moves to one'of its positions. and a rihlaai-viln'ating' mechanism connected to said univerral har to operate at hoth positit ns olthe case-shift mechanism.

25. The comhination ot' keys. including a special character key. types connected to ,-aid keys. a platen. letter-ftading mechanism. case-shift mechanism. n ams connecting; said case-shift mechanism to said letterteeding mechanism to silence the latter when the case-shift mechanism is in ene o't' its positions. and means connected to said special character key for silencing' said letter-feeding mechanism at the operation of said special character key when the caseshift mechanism is in the other of its positiens.

Ztl. The comhination oil a carriage, a caseshil't mechanism. a letter-feeding mechanism. a universal har. an interponent to transmit movement hctween said universal har and said lettcr--l'ctaline' mechanism7 lncans connectin."r said interpcnent to said case-shift mechanism to withdraw the interponent when the case-shift mechanism moves to one ol' its positions, and types of one language cllcctive at one and types of another language cll'cctive at another ot' the case-shift positions.

2T. The comhination olf a platen. letterl'eeding mechanism. case-shift mechanism. a sct oll keys including; special keys, types connected to said keys and coi..prising two sets. one ol' said sets ot types ccnstructed to writc the lfnelish or analogous laneuayje aml el'- l'cctivc at one positicn ol' the case-shil't mechanism. and the other ot' said sets ot types'constructed to write the Korean or analogous language and ell'ective at the other position ot' said casc-shil't mechanism, means connectingr .said casc-shil't mechanism to said lettcr-l'cctling`r mechanism to silence llic latter whenthe case-shilt mechanism is in one ol its positions.; each ol,l 'said special keys connected to types for writing Korean characters in both positions of the case-shift mechanism; and means connected to said special keys for silencing said letter-feeding mechanism at the operation of said special keys when the case-shiftmechanlsm 1s in position for writing English.

28. A typewriting machine having two sets of types, keys fr operating the types, letter-feeding mechanism silenced when one set ot types is being printed, but effective when the other types are being printed, riblmn-vibrating mechanism effective when all the types are being printed, a single universal bar between all said keys and both mechanisms, and an interponent connected to be made effective by one set of types only.

29. A typewriting machine having a group of keys, two groups of types, both of which sets of types are operable by said keys, and letter-feeding mechanism silenced when a'ny 'one of said keys is operated to print a type in one group but effective when the same key is operated to print a type in the other group.

ill). typewriting machine having two sets of types. keys for operating the types, letter-feeding mechanism silenced when the types of one set are being printed, but effective when the other types are being printcd; said machine including a key for effecting letter-spacing movements independently of the type keys, and a key for effecting two lcttcr-slnlcing movements at each operation thereof.

3l. A typewriting machine having a caseshift mechanism and having types for writing in one language at one position of the case-shift mechanism, and in a different language at another position of the ease-shift mechanism, keys tor controlling said types, letter-feeding mechanism operable by the keys only when writing one of said languages and not the other, and a ribbonvibrating mechanism operable by the keys at all times.

32. A typewriting machine having a caseshift mechanism and also having type-operating or controlling keys, and a letter-feeding mechanism operable by the keys at one, positicn of said case-shift mechanism, but incperablc by the same keys at am ther positicn of' said case-shift mechanism. a ribbcn-vibrating mechanism. a single universal bar operable by all said kevs and adapted to operate beth the leter-feeding and ribben-vibrating mechanisms, said universal bar being arranged to cperate the ribbonvibrating mechanism at both pcsiticns of the case-shift mechanism', and means cennected to said case-shift mechanism to determine when the letter-feeding mechanism shall be effective for operation by said uni` versal har.

. A typewriting machine provided with key-operated types so arranged with reference to the printing point, that consonant and vowel types will strike one by the side of another in the same subdivision of the writing line, and having a letter-feeding mechanism inoperable by the keys when operating said tvpes whereby groupings or sub-groupings may be effected or logcgrams written by said types, a key for operating said letter-feeding mechanism, a set of types to write a different language, means effective when the last-mentioned types are being used, for operating the letter-feeding mechanism at every type stroke, and a ribbonvibrating mechanism effective when either set ot' types is being used.

84. A typewriting machine having a casesliift mechanism, a group of type-bars carrying Korean types for printing at ene position of the case-shift mechanism and English or Roman alphabet types for printing at another positicn of the case-shift mechanism, each type-bar carrying a Korean and a Roman type, the Roman type being set in natural position, and the Korean type being set crosswise thereto or in cumbent position, keys ccnnected to said type-bars and biaring both English and Korean characters, the Korean characters being shown on said keys in their upright or natural positions, letter-feeding mechanism effective in that position of the case-shift mechanism in which the Roman alphabet is printed but ineffective in the case-shift position when the Korean types are printed, and a ribbon-vibrating mechanism operable by the keys in both positions of the case-shift mechanism.

A typewriting machine having a caseshift mechanism and provided with different sets of types for use in different posi tions of the case-shift mechanism, the types in one sct being arranged in natural positions, and those in the other set being crosswise thereto, whereby when using the first set the lines run across the page one line under another upon a work-sheet introduced head first into the machine, and when using the second set the lines run down theV page by the side of one another upcn a work sheet introduced side foremcst into the machine. the types in the second set being capable of writing in various pesiticns relatively to one another to make groupings or logcgrams; automatic letterfeeding mechanism effective cnly when the types in the first set are being printed, and a ribben-vibrating mechanism effective when either set of types is being used.

,36. A typewriting machine having a easeshif't mechanism and provided with different sets of types for use in different pesitios of the case-shift mechanism, the types in one set being arranged in natural positions, and those in the other set being crosswise thereto. whereby when using the first .sei i'he lines ran across the ingle one line anf ther npon a worksheet introduced into the machine. ami when usingy ;Ve inici-feeding mechanism "een the lypes in the first Set grams. amr; effective one` are beingr 'EN -=:i. a ictteni'eeiiing space key` an miti.' ii space-key having inans l5 for profhicic;

ment, ani] a i" l' fectiye when used.

3T. A typir'wiing machine comprisingV a 20 case-shift mfc? ism, letter-feeding mechanism. a ribh vi lrating mechanism. and a single nnifcr' hat* for operating both the ictter-'i'eeihne mechanism and the ribbenyibiaing; aiicnanism; said ribbo11\'ibiating 25 mechanism being effective for ope `ation by said universali bar at both positions of the. catsoshitt 'zicfianisim and said letter-feedingr merhaiii i including a shiftahle meniber which is directly operable by said nni- 30 yersal Vbar ami is conectad to saiii case-shift mechanism to be rendered effective for such operatici'i .i one position oi" thc cage-shift mei'fi'iani-1 nv .im/ to he renfiereii ineti'eeiive at Abe other :tion of saiii easeshii`ty nicchie a: nisin.

Iionbie idler-feeding nloVei r-rihrating` mechanism ef- ,tiici :set of types is being L f. A "writ/ing machine comprisinglf tivo set:`4 types and a ease-shift mechanism; iid .sets of i'ypes cfmstrncteii io make :fronpiaga4 oiE char- 4() o; .uw amsv and ciieeiye when saiii hifi en Marxism in one position. and

`- Roman alphabet. and effhiti'i.` inefi'ianisin is anic part conneceti to "iisni to render the iet s n incii'iwtife when the '.shxii merhanmn i1 in he faxer-men 5o tionrcf positiont anii iii Lori-vibrating mechanism effective at both positions of' the case-shift mechanism.

fifi The con iinriti oi" .i earriagzje. two i 'hfinise'n a ici'- if :i aniersai hanr an vainement between I iior-icefiinfl fs, ot typesa wf i inerponein io irc o? a carriage. two mechanism, a leftei'ec iiiiif mechanism. a universal bar.v :'n nterponcnt to transmit mo\e1nent 'from s: ai riniyersai bai" to sairi letter-feeding' mecha nism. means` connected to said ase-shift mechanism to render the movement-transmitting interponent ineiiectire when the aise-shift mechanism moves to one oi' iin: positions. and a ribbon-vihrating mechanism connectedy to said universal har.

il. The combination of keys, inchniini a special character key. types connected to said keys. a platen` letter-feeding mecha nisni. case-shift mechanism. means connectv ingr said casesliift mechanism to said ie'u teri'ee iin,gr mechanism to silence the iailer when the caae-shit`t mechanism is: in one oi' of its f'iositions, means connected to saiii .spe iai character key for .silencing Y :iaii Eel;- ter-i'eeiling: nim-hai'iisni at the operation of said special clniracter ke) when the caseshitmechanism is in the other of its positions. and a ribbon-vibratingr meciianisin eiiective at aii operations of all the type keys.

4L. The combination of a carriage. a caseshift. mechanism` a letter-feedingr mechanism. a universal bar, an interponent to Transmit movement between said universal bar and said letter-feeding mechanism` nians connecting said interponent o .said ase/shift mechanism to withdraw the inter-- ponent whei the fase-shift mechanism inoyes to one of its positions, types of one iangfnagfe eii'eciiye at one and types of another iangrnagre effective at another' of the case-shift positions, and a ribimn-Vibrating mechanism eii'cctive at both po, ltions oi' the fasoshiit mechanism.

Viii. The combination of a piaten. a imiter feeding! mechanism` case-shift mechanism` a setV oi keys inchiding;r special keyrz. types; connected to said keys ami compri ing tao sits, one of said sets of types constrnctzai to write thc English or analogous iangm and eti'eetiye atl one position of the cm hifi characters in both positions ot' ine f. c `shi i" mecha in: means conn eicii io sai-ii epe i i L or .siiencing said letter-feedim: met h-v aniijn'i at the operation of said pef'ai here: when he ease-shift mechanism is 'n position for "writing English: and a ribbwm i hrating mechanism ei'ectiye at aii iw tion:` of ai! oi' ihe type, keys,

4i. In a tyf'pewritinaf machine` the com bicaiionji'ith a t'ai'eiingr carriage. iiiiiereni sets of types, and a caseshift mech-.imam

for determining which set of types shall be effective, of letter-feeding devices for said carriage, type-.operating keys, a ribbon vibrator, a single universal bar for operating said ribbon vibrator and said letter-feeding devices, and means connected to said caseshift mechanism for rendering the letterfeeding devices effective for operation by said universal bar in one position of the caseshift mechanism and ineffective for such op'- eration in the other position thereof.

i 45. In a typewriting machine for Writing,r a language of which the characters normally stand upright, the combination of a system of types mounted in cumbent positions to make cumbent impressions on the worksheet, a carriage, a rotatable platen thereon, a letter-feed device for causing said impressions to succeed one another in cumbent p0- sitio-ns alon said platen, so that the printed charactersy iave their vertical axes parallel to the axis of the platen, and platen-rotating means for line-spacing the work-sheet across said vertical axes of said characters. 4G. In a typewriting machine for writing a language of which the characters stand upright, the combination of a series of types mounted in cumbent' positions to make cumbent impressions on the work-sheet, keys for said types, a carriage, a rotatable platen thereon, a letter-feeding device for causing said type impressions to succeed one another in cumbent positions along said platen so that the printed characters have their vertical aXes parallel to the axis of the platen, platen-rotating means for line-spacing a Work-sheet across said verticall axes of said characters, and a separate set of types also operated by said keys adapted t0 print on said platenwith their vertical axes transverse to the letter-feeding devices and parallel to the line-spacing movement of the platen.

47. In a typewriting machine for writing a language of which the characters normally stand upright, the combination of a system of types mounted in cumbent positions to make cumbent impressions on the worksheet, kevs for said types, a carriage, a rotatable platen thereon, a letter-feeding device causing said impressions to Succeed one another in cnmbent positions along said platen so that the printed characters have their vertical axes parallel to the axis of the platen. a separate set of types also operated bv said keys adapted to print characters having their vertical axes transverse to the axis of the platen, a case-shift device, a letter-feeding device for said second set of types, and means operated by said case-shift device for making said last-named letterfeeding device effective.

48. In a tvoewriting machine for Writing a language of which the characters normally stand upright, the combination of a system of types mounted in cumbent positions t0 make cumbent impressions on the worksheet, keys fo'r said types, a carriage, a rotatable platen thereon, a letter-feeding device causing said impressions to succeed one another in cmnbent positions along said platen so that the printed characters have their vertical axes parallel to thc axis of the platen, a separate set of types also operated by said keys adapted to print characters having their vertical axes transverse to the axis of the platen, a case-shift device, a letter-feeding device for said second set of types, means operated by said case-shift device for making said last-named letter-feeding device effective, platen-rotating means foriline-spacing the work-sheet across said vertical axes of said characters, and a ribbon-vibrating device effective for both of types.

49. The conil'iination of an alphabet or system of type-writing types, a second system of typewriting types, the types in one system being formed integral with the types in the other system, and the vertical axes of the types in one system being at right angles to the corresponding axes of the types in the other system. and means for effecting letterfemliiig movements in a direction parallel with the aves of the types in one type tem and at right angles to the aXes of the types in the other system.

50. A tvpewriting machine constructed to write a language in which the lines of writing rundown the page` comprising an alphabet of cumbcnt types mounted to make cunr, hcnt imprints upon the sheet, means for producing relative letter-feeding movements between the types and the page in the direction of the vertical axes of the cumbent types when in printing position, whereby the types lnav follow one under another, and means for effecting line-feeding moven'ients in a direction at right angles to the direction of said axes 51. A tvpcwriting machine constructed to Write a language in which the lines of Writing run down the page. comprising an alphabet of cumbent types mounted to make cnmhcnt imprints upon the sheet, means for producing relative letter-feeding movements between the types and the page in the direction of the vertical axes of the cumbent types when in printing position, whereby the types may follow one under another, means fcr etl'ectinLr line-feeding movements in a direction at right angles to the direction of said axes, and keys connected to said types, said keys bearing the characters in upright pcsitions.

52. In a tvpewriting machine for Writingl a foreign language, the combination of a set of type-sections of a single character, said sections mounted to strike at the same printing point, whereby imprints of said sections would be. superposed, and mechanism for etfecting relative movement between the work-sheet and types to the extent necessary to enable said sections to make their im prints in proper relative positions, to make, b v their combination, a single character upon the worksheet.

53. In a tvpewriting machine for writing a foreign language. the combination ot' a set o' tvpe-sections of a single character, said sections mounted to strike at the same printing peint. wherebv imprints otl said sections would be supcrposml. and mechanism for etl'ecting relative movement between the ivm-k-sheet and tvpes to the extent necessari' to enable said sections to make their imprints in proper relative positions. to make, bv their combination, a single character upon the worksheet. said movement-elicoting mechanism being operable independentlv of said tifpe-secticns.

54. In a tvpewriting machine for writing a foreign language employing characters, the combination with complete types. and sets otl typesections Jfor writing ditlerent cliaracters. said sections and said complete tvpes mounted to strike in cumbent positions at the same printing point, wherebyv imprints ot said sections would be superposerl on the worksheet. of mechanism for effecting relative movement between the worksheet and the types in the direction ot the vertical axes of the imprints. to the extent necessarv to enable said sections to make their imprints in propel' relative positions. to make. bf.' their een'ibinations. different cumbent characters on the worksheet.

fifi. In a tvpewriting machine tor writinl a toreifrn language employing characters` the combination of a svstem of types including ditferent sets ot tvpe-sections. for writing different characters, each set of' tvpesections cooperative to write a single character, the sections in all the sets mounted to strike at thc same printing point` wherebv the imprints ot' the sections` in each set would be made one upon another. and mechanism 'for effecting step-bv-step movement bet wcen the waak-sheet and the types. the extent ot' such steirbpstep movement agreeing with the, relative disnlae\. ient which it is necessarv to produce b"twcen the imprints ot' the sections in each set` in order to enable said imprints to combine to mak( a single multiH plc-space, complete character on the worlc sheet'- i'it'. In a tvpewriting machine t'or writingl a foreign langt-.zoe emnlovingr characters. the combination ot a svstem ot vpes includ ing complete units and also including ditteiv cnt sets` ot' tvpescctions. for writing' ditl'eu ent characters` each set ot t,\pesections co` operative to write a Isingle character. they sections in all the sets mounted to strike at the same printing point, whereby the imprints of the sections in each set would be made one upon another, and mechanism for ettecting step-by-step movement between the work-sheet and the types in the direction of the vertical axes of the characters. to cause the imprints to follow one another down the page, the extent of such step-bye step movement agreeing with the relative displacement which it 1s necessary to prodifce between the imprints of the sections in each set. in order to enable said imprints to combine to make ar single multiple-space complete character on the worksheet. such step-by-step movement being also sutiicient in extent `for the letter-spacing of each ot said complete units.

57. In a typewriting machine for writing `a foreign language employing characters,

the combination with means for holding a sheet introduced sidewise into the machine, of a system of cumbent types including dit'` ferent sets of type-sections for writing ditt'erent characters in cumbent positions. each set of tvpe-sections coperative to write a single character, the sections in all the sets mounted to strike at the sa me printing point, wherebv the imprints of the sections in each set would be made one upon another, mechanism for effecting step-bv-step movement between the work-sheet and the tvpes in the direction of they vertical axes of the cumbent tvpes when in printing position. to make a line of writing extending down the page` the extent of such step-by-step movement agreeing with the relative displacement which it is necessarv to produce between the imprints ot" the sections in each set. in order to enable said imprints to combine to make a single character on the worlesheet. and means for luie-feeding the sheet in a direction transverse to said vertical axes.

5R. In a tvpewriting machine for writing foreign languages emploving a series otl characters. the combination of types. including making a series of ditt'erent characters` the sections in each set capable ot' producing a single character. and said sections all mounted to strike at a common printing point. in-

vderendentlv operable kev` for operating 115 said tjrpes. and a kev independent of said levvs and tree ot' connection with anv tvpe. for effecting relative movement between the work-sheet ano `Vpes to the extent necessari" to enable the sections in the ditlcrcnt sets to make their successive imprints in proper relative positions. to make. bv their conr binit'ions. the desired characters upon the work-sheet.

Il. tvpewriting machine constructed to 125 write a modern language cmploving unitari' letters derived Vfrom the )henician alphabet. and also to write an agglutii'iative or other language employing built-up characters. the

types in one laeguage being toi-med integral a series of sets of tvpe-sections for with the types in the other language. and the types for writing said characters comprising sets of tvpe-seetions mounted to strike at the same printing point.

60. A typewriting machine constructed to write a modern language employing unitary letters derived from the lhenieian alphabet. and also to write an agglutinative or other language employing builtaip characters. the types in one language being formed integral with the types in the other language. and the types for writing said Characters comprising sets of type-sections mounted to strike at the same printing point; and means for etieeting relative step-by-step movements between the work-sheety and the types. for lette1'teetli11g when writing said modern language.

61. A typewriting maehine constructed to write a modern language employing unitary letters derived from the lhenieian alphabet. and also to write an agglutinative or other language employing built-up characters. the typesl in one language being formed integral with the types in the other language. and the types for writing'said characters eomprising sets ot typesections mounted to strike at the .same printing point; means operable by the type keys tor efieeting relative step-by-step movements between the werk-sheet and the types. for letter-feeding when writing said modern language. and means for enabling said typeesections to make their imprints in proper relative positions on the work-sheet. to make. bv their ci mbinations. the desired eomplete charaeters` upon the work-sheet.

(l2. A\ typewriting machine comprising types tor a modern language employing unitary letters derived from the lhenician alphabet. and also comprising type-sections l'or an agglutinative or other language employing builtuip characters. the types in une language being l'ormed integral with the type-sections in the other language. and the tvueseetions mounted to strike at the .same printing point. the vcrtieal a.\'e-` ot the types ot' ,said VPhenician language being crosswise otl the corresponding axe;` ot' the types` in said other language.

tl. typewriting mat-bine constructed to write a modern language emploving unitary letters deri\ed troni the lluiiiviun alphabet. and also to write an agglutinative or other language employing built up charaetersthe types in ne language being lormeil integral with the tvpcs in the other language. and the tvnes for writing said charml ters eoniprising sets otl tvpesections mounted to strike at the same printing point. means operable by the typo keys for etl'ecting relatively stepebystel movements between the worksheet and the types. tor lettenfeeding when wriling said modern language. and meansl t'cr en abling said tvpeeseetie to make their imprintsl in proper reli-l e positionsr on th workfsheet. to make. by their combinations, the desired complete characters upon the wo rk heet. the vertical axes of the types of said Phenieian language being erosswise ot' the corresponding axes of the types in said other language.

(il. X typewriting machine constructed to writ*y a modern language employing unitary letters derived from the Phenieian alphabet, and also to write an agglutinative or other language employing built-up characters. the types in one language being formed integral with the types in the other language. and the types for writing said characters cone prising sets ot' type-sections mounted to `strike at the same printing point. keys for operating all of lsaid types. and means operable by t'ne type-keys when writing said lhenician language to eil'eet relative letter- Jfeeding movements between the work-sheet and the types.

(S5. A typewriting machine Constructed to write a modern language employing unitary letters derived trom the lhenician alphabet, and also to write an agglutinative or other language employing built-up characters. the types in one language being Jormed integral with the types in tht` other language. and the types i'or writing said eharaeters comprising sets otl type-sections mounted to strike at tht` same printing point. means for enabling said type-sections to make their imprints in proper relative positicns on the worksheet. to make. by their combinations. the desired complete characters upon the work-sheet. the` \ertical axes of the types ot' said lhenieian language being crosswise of the correspond ing axes ot' the types in saif-llother language. keys for operating all of `said types. and means operable by the type-keys when \\riting said Phenieian language to etl'eet relative letterd'eeding movements between the work-sheet and the types.

titl. typewriting machine construeted to write a nudern language employing unitary lettcrs derived from the lhenieian alpha bet. and also to write an agglutinative or ether language employing luiiltfup characA ters. the types in one language beinr t'ormed integral with the types in the otner language. and the types for writing .said chaivv acters ci mprising sets ot' ty'lwfsections mounted to strike at, the same point. means il r enabling said tli'ptesiu'tions to make their imprints in iiropeihrelative positions in thtI crit-sheet. to malte by their combinations. the desired complete characters upon the work-sheet. the .vertical arves oll the types ol `said lhenieian language being crosswise oll the correspomling axes ot' the types in .said other language. keys'l'or operating all oi' said types. m ans operable bv the typelieys when writing .said lhenician language to eil'eet relative letter-feeding movements between the worksheet and the types, and

means for preventing the type-keys from etlecting` such relative movements only when writing;y said characters.

(3T. A typewriting machine constructed to write a modern language employingr unitary letters derived from the Phenician alphabet. and also to write an agglutinative or ether language employing; built-up characters. the types in oi c language being formed integral with the types in the other language. and the types for writing:y said eliaiacters comprising sets of type-sections mounted to strike at the same printing point. keys tor operating' all of said types. means operable bv the type-keys when writing' said lhenician language to ett'ect relative letter-feediner movements between the werk-sheet and the. types, and a separate key t'ree ot' connection with any type, for ell'ectinglr suclr relative movements, foithe purpose ot enabling such tVpe-seetions to build up the various ccmplete characters on the work-sheet.

(SS. A typewriting machine comprising a set of whole types for one language formed crcsswise to and integral with a set ot' typesecticns i'or another language, said typesections mounted to strike at the lsame printing point. means tor enablingy said type,- sections to lnake their imprints in proper relative positions onl the work-sheet. to make. by their combimitions, the desired complete characters upon the work-sheet. keys common to said whole types and typescctions. means operable by the type keys when operating said whole types to etfect letter-t'eedinglr movements. means for preventing: the type keys trom eli'ectimgy letterfeeding movements cnly when operatingr said type-sections. and a separate key t'ree ot' connectie-n with any type-section, t'or et'- lectingf letter-feedingr movements. for the purpose et enablingr .such type-sections to build up the various complete characters on the work-sheet.

Vif". ln a typewritin; r machine t'or writing a foreign languageemploying built-up characters. the crmbination ot' a system ot' types includinrr different sets ot' type-sections, l'or writing different complete characters, each set of t \f'pe-secticns cooperative to write a single complete character, the secticns in all the sets mounted to strike at the same printing pi int, whereby the imprints ot' the sections in each set would be made one upon aiictner, keys to operate said types, and means inoperable by said keys for effecting rtep-by=step movement between the worksheet and the types, to enable the imprints to combine to make a single multiple-space complete character on the work-sheet.

Tl). ln a typewriting machine ter writing,r a foreign language employing' built-up charerf-x the combination of a system nl types .net ditlerent sets ot tvpe-sei tion g for ilil'erent complete cnaracti ceci;

rating set of type-sections cooperative to write a single complete character, the section.- iu all the sets mounted to rltrilic at the same printin;v point, whereby the imprints oll the sections in cach set would be made one upon another, and mechanism lfor ell'eciine stepby-step movement between the work-sheet and the types. to produce the relative displacement whieh is necessary between the imprints of the sections in each set` in order to enable said imprints to combine to make a single inultiplc-siaicil complete character on the wolk-sheet. said relative movement between the, work-sheet and the typesv being' so great in comparison to the sizes of the types as to leave a slight clear space between the sub-groups or syllables ot the word.

T1. In a typewritingl` machine. the combination with means fer holdin;r a work-sheet. of means tor writing); fiierc n at will in either agelutinative characters or lhenician alphabetical clmractcrs. said writing meansl comprising sets ot lurv-operated type-scctionsl mounted to make their imprints at the same printintr point. means inetlcctiuA at the type impressions l'cr cll'ecting relative movement between the workV neet and the types` to enable said tilic-sectionto build up multiple-space complete agglulinative characters. and also comprisingr key-operated means l'or writing said alphabetical language upon the same work-sheet. and means operating automatically l'or ell'ecting relative letter-tcedinj; mowinents lie- 'tween the types and the .vork-sheet when writing said alphabetical characters.

72. ln a typewriting nmchinethe combination with means for holding' a work-slwet. ot' means tor writing thereon at will in either agfjliltinative elniracters or lhenieian alphabetical clnlrin'teiw-. said writin; r means comprisingr sets ot' key operated type-scch tions mounted to make their imprints at the same printing point` means inetl'ective at the type impressions tor etlerting relative minement between the work-sheet and the types. to enable said type-sections to build up multiple-space complete agglutinative characters, and also comprisingr lwy-cperated means for writing said alpliabetical language upon the same work-sheet, means operating automatically for etl'ecting;r relative letter-feedingmovements between the types and the work-sheet when writing said alphabeti :al characters, and shiftable means vt'or bringing,r into use either said alphabetical characters or said agglutinative type-sections to write either language at will.

73. In a typewriting machine., the combination with means for holding' a work-sheet, of means for writing; thereon at will in either agglutinatire characters or lhenician alphabetigal charewcis. sani writinl;r means comprising sets et" l rated t`\,[p v-secdering the letter-feeding mechanism et'- tective. when said alphabetical types are em said aggluploycd and ineffective when being emtinative characters or sections are ployed.

T4. ln a ty'iewriting machine. the. combination with means for-hohhng a werk-sheet,

ot' means tor writing thereon at will in either agglutinative characters or Phemcian alphabetical characters. said writing `nieans comprising sets of key-operated type-sections mounted to make their imprints at the same printing point, means inetl'ective at the type impressions for etfecting relative movement between the work-.sheet and the types. to enable said type-sections to build up multiple-space complete agglutinative characters. and also comprising key-operated means for writing said alphabetical language upon the same work-sheet. shiftable means for bringing into use either .'aid alphabeti `al characters or said agglutinative type-sections to write either language at will. a letter-feeding mechanism, means controlled by said shiitable means for rendering the letter-feeding mechanism etfective when said alphabetical types are employed and inetl'cctive when said agglutinative characters or sections are being employed. and means effective \vhen,any ot' said alphabetical or said agglutinative types are employed for interposing a ribbon between the types and the papel' at the. printing strokes.

75. 'l`he combination with .sheet-holding means. type-operating keys. letter-feeding mechanism operable thereby. and ribbonvibrating mains also operable by said keys. ot shiftable meansl for rendering said letterfeeding mechanism inoperative at all the type-key strokes. and a key tree of connection with all of the types for cth-cting lctteifeed movements.

Tb. ln a ty '.'writing machine. nation with means of means for writing thereon in either an agglutinative language or a modern alphabetical language, comprising sets of keyoperated type-sections mounted to make. their imprints at. the same printing point` means 'or effecting relative movement between the work-sheet, and the types, to

the combienable said types to build up multiple-space complete characters, and key-operated means for writing said alphabetical language upon said work-sheet. Y

7T. In a typewriting means, a set of type blocks having thereon two systems of types, one of said systems being alphabetical and based on the Phenician alpl'iabet, and the other of said systems comprising sections ot complete characters of an agglutinative language. one o said .sections on the same type-block with each of said Phenician alphabet types. and all of said sections mounted to strike at. a common printing point.

T8. ln a typewriting machine, a set 0f type blocks having thereon two systems of types. one ot' said systems being alphabetical` andV based on the llienician alphabet, and the other of said systems comprising sections of complete charm-ters of an agglutinative language. one of said sections on the same type-block with each of said Phenician alphabet. types. and all of said sections mounted to strike at a common printing point, in combination with means for effecting relative movement between tions and the work-sheet. to enable said sections to combine to build up the required characters on the work-sheet.

79. In a typewriting machine, a set of type. blocks having thereon two systems of types. one of said systems being alphabetical and based on the Phenician the other of said systems comprising sections of complete characters of an agglutinative language. one of said sections on the same type-block with each of said Phenician alphabet types. and all of said sections mounted to strike at a common printing point` in combination with letter-feeding devices operable at will independently of the types` for etiecting relative movement between the type-secticns and the, worksheet. to enable said sections to combine to build up the required cha acters on the \vorkslu et. and means operable automatically at the imprints ot' said Phenician alphabet types. for etlecting the required letter-feeding movements Sii. A\ typewriter for a foreign language comprising means to hohl a work-sheet,

and alsol comprising means to write the characters ui. n said wollt-sheet. said writing means being so constructed that the worlt-slwet must be inserted sidewise into the machine. said writing means and said work-sheet holding means being relativelv so mounted that the characters will be printed upon said sheet in cumbcnt positions. and said machine also comprising letter-feeding means constructed to effect relative movement between the work-sheet and the printing means to cause the head of each successive character to succeed the foot the type-secof the preceding character. so that when a sheet withdrawn from the machine and turned around to bring the characters to normal upright positions, the lines will read down the page.

Sl. A typewriter for a foreign language comprising means` to hold a work-sheet, and also comprising means to write the characters upon said work-sheet, said writing means being so constructed that the workH sheet must be inserted sidewise into the machine, said writing means and said worksheet holding means being relatively so mounted that the characters will be printed upon said sheet in cumbent positions, and said machine also comprising letter-feeding means ccnstructed to effect relative movement between the work-sheet and the Rrmting means vertically of the t ipeS. to cause the head of each successive character to succeed the foot of the preceding character, so that when a sheet is withdrawn from the machine and turned around to bring the characters to normal upright positions the characters will appear as letter-spaced vertically. so that the lines will read down the page: said machim` also including means for effecting a relative line-spacing movenient between the work-holding means and. the printim means in a direction sidewise of the work-sheet.

82. In a typewriting machine. the combination with cumbent types and a platen. of a carriage. and means for letter-feeding said carriage vertically of the types. so that the types print one below another in a line extending from left to right. with the result that when the sheet is removed from the machine. the operative will read the line written from top to bottom with the sheet turned at right angles to the direction in which it was written on said sheet.

83. In a typewriting machine having a kevboard. the combination with a platen and cumbent types mounted for printing thereon in a manner to make the imprints appear in cumbent positions to the operative at the keyboard, a carriage. means for letiewfeeding said carriage vertically of the types. to cause the cumbcnt devices priiited bv said types (in said platen to follow one below the rther, and line-space devices for causing relative movementl bctweenqsaid platen and the printing point in adirection laterally of the types7 to cause successive lincs of writing. when removed from the machine and turned to their natuial positions. to be readable beginning at the upper right-ham] corner and reading downwardlv. cach lino in succession after the on next to the right thereof.'

Si. In a machine for writing in an agglutinaiive tanguage.- the ccnibination with a ci' kof.' operated cumbcnt type sec,- sald iyposections mounted to strike escapement therlor,

in the same place, of a carriage. means in dependent of said type-sectiins for letterfeeding said carriage in a direction lcngitudinal of the axes of the types, whereby the type impressions will be letter-spaced one under another on the work-sheet. and a key for effecting a double letter-feed movement cf the carriage. so as to simultaneously effect spacing of a type-section and securi a blank space between words.

85. In a typewriting machine, the combi-- nation with a traveling (,'arriage and an escapement therefor, of a shiftable device for making said escapement etfective. a cascshift' mechanism, and means connected to be operated by said case-shift mechanism for making said shiftable device effective.

8f3. In a typewriting machine. the combination with a movable paper holder. of an escapement therefor, including a rocker provided with an extension. printing means, a rock shaft provided with an arm engageable with said extension both during the forward and the return movements of the shaft to impart a double movement to the rocker. and a key connected to said shaft to operate the same.

HT. In a typewriting machine. the combinaticn with a movable paper holder, of an escapcment therefor. including a rocker provided with an extension, printing means. a pair of separate rock shafts each provided with an arm engagcable with said extension to operate the rocker. one of said arms being adapted to shift said extension both during the forward and the return movements of the corresponding rock shaft to impart a double movement to the rocker. and a key imlividual to each rock shaft to operate the same.

88. In a typewriting machine. the combination with a movable paper hclder, of an es-capement therefor. escapement-o1erating means. a shiftable member between said escapement and said operating means to con trol the effectiveness of the latter to oper ate the fermer. means tending to normally honl said shiftable member in etfective position with relation to said operating means. a rocking element for moving said member into ineffective position, and means for actu ating,r said rccking element.

89. In a typewriting machine. the combination with a movable paper holder, of an esca|)ement-operating means, a shil'table member between said cscapcmeiit and said operating means to ccntrol thc effectiveness of the latter to operate the former. means tendingvto normally hf'ld said shil'table member in ellcctive position with relation to said operating means. a rocking clement having an arm engagcabie with said shi'i'tabie member to deA press the saine into incll'cctiic position. and means Hfor actuating said rocking clement,

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