US1664633A - Coking retort oven - Google Patents

Description

Apri; 3f w28. 1,664,633

N. GAEARRY COKING RETORT OVEN P A- atentedA 29 91 med sept. e. 1921 :Y 3 Smalme 6 Patented Apr. 3, 1928.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

NATHANIEL G. PARRY, OF PIT" SBU GH, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TO THE KOPPEBB COMPANY, OF PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA, A CORPORATION OF PENNSYLVANIA.

COKING RETORT OVEN.

Application led September This invention comprehends improvements of general utility in the. cokiiig retort oven art; and also compreliemls certain iinproveineuts especially applicable to eoking retort ovens of the well-known cross regenerative type exemplitied in the patent to li. Koppers No. 818.033, dated April 17, 190i?, and in the patent to Joseph Becker No. 1,374,546. dated April 12, 1921.

The invention has for objects the provision of a coking retort ovendiaviug, as important characteristics: a flue constructioi'i that contemplates the entire elimination of the usual horizontal or bus ilues that are located at the top of the vertical flame ilues and connect a plurality of said vertical ilues with each other; and, as a feature that may be secured by the above structural improvements, a novel system of control of theI flow through the flame tlues of the heating walls, Jermitting tltiW in the saine direction throng all the flame fiues of each heating wall, with the result that all the flame fines of each heating Wall are either simultaneously `burnin or simultaneously operating as out-tiow fines for carrying away the waste gases to outtiow operating regenerators.

The above stated elimination of the horizontal flucs is an important advantage fo.` the reason that it enables a considerable thickening and strengthening of the walls of the oven structure in the region located at the upper extremity of the vertical flame tlucs. Moreover', the improved construction of the invention permits an increase of the height of the flame fines, with a corresponding increase in the height of the coking chambers, so that the latte may be made narrower in width, a development greatly facilitating the eoking of high volatile coals. yet having adequate provision for taking care of the increasedl volume of combustion products, without making it necessary t'o provide fluo spaces of sizes inconsistent with adequate strength of the wall construction. The flue construction of the invention is furthermore of great importance in oven batteries tired with cxtraneously derived gas, such as producer gas. sine@ the employment of such gas results in an increased volume of combtuion products and adequate flue spaces must be provided to collect and feed to the down-flow operating fines this increased volume of combustion products. By the invention, the iue construction may be 6, 1921. Serial No. 498,872.

adequately accommodated to such increased volume of combustion products, without introducing elements of weakness into the Wall structure.

In addition to the ob'ects recited above, the invention comprehen s a novel regenerator construction and system of flow therethrough and throu h the lues, promoting uniformity of distribution, and has for other objects such other improvements and advantages in construction and operation as are found to obtain in the structures and devices hereinafter described or claimed.

In the accompan ing drawin s, forming a part of this speciilbation, and s owin for purposes of exemplifica'tion, a pre erred form and manner in which the invention may be embodied and practiced, but without limiting the claimed invention to such illustrative instance or instances:

Figure 1 is a composite crosswise vertical section through acoke oven battery embodying features above specified and equipped with the improvements of the invention, the view being taken longitudinally through a heating wall and a pair of regenerators in planes indicated by the lines D-D and E E of Fig. 2;

Fig. 2 is a composite vertical sectional elevation taken longitudinally of the coke oven battery, in planes indicated by the lines A-A, B-B and C-C of Fig. 1; and

Fig. 3 is a com osite horizontal section taken in planes indicated by the lines G-G, ll-H and K--K of Fig. 2.

The saine characters of reference designate the same parts in each of the several views of the drawings.

In the embodiment illustrated in the drawings, the invention is incorporated in a combination eoking oven battery, i. e., a battery having provision for being operated either with producer gas as the fuel or with coke oven gas burned in an atmosphere of ordinary preheated air, such as is utilized in an ordinary coke oven, or with coke oven gasl burned in an atmosphere containing both air and a neutral gaseous diluent Which is introduced into the flame tlues separately from the air. A combination coke oven battery having such features is described and claimed in the co-pending application of Joseph Becker for Letters Patent of the United States for a coking retort oven, filed April 28, l1920, Serial No. 376,126. For con- 4ovens or coking chambers and venienee, the present description will be confined to the present illustrative embodiment of the invention in such a combination oven battery; the novel features and improvements of the invention are, however, capable of other applications, such for example, to ordinary so-called coke ovens employing coke oven gas the fuel, or to ordinary socalled gas ovens employing an extraneously derived gas, such as producer gas, as the fuel; hence the scope of the invention is not confined to the specific use and specific embodiment herein described as an illustrative example.

Referring to the drawings: there are illustrated views of a coke oven battery or plant of the by-product type, having features above specified, said oven battery embodying in its construction a plurality of cross-` wise elongated heating walls, 11, 11 and a plurality of intermediate crosswise elongated vertical coking chambers 12, 12, the heating Walls 11 forming the side walls of the reipective coking chambers 12, as shown in igs. 2 and 3, and, together with the coking chambers, are supported. by the heavy supporting or illar walls 13, 13 which extend crosswise ofD the battery and are located, as shown, in Fig. 2, beneath the respective coking chambers 12, 12. These pillar wlalls,col lectively form the main support for the entire superstructure of the oven battery and are themselves supported upon a flat mat or platform which constitutes the subfoundation on which the entire battery rests.

The coal to be coked is charged into the several coking chambers or ovens through charging holes 14, located in the top 15 of the battery and positioned directly above the ovens or chambers 12, as shown in Fig. 2. These charging holes 14 are equipped with the usual removable covers, which are removed Aduring charging of the individual are placed 1n position to close the tops of such coking chambers during the entire coking tir distilling operation. The gases of distilliition pass from the. tops of the several coking chambers through the usual gas outlets.y and thence through ascension pipes (not shown) into the usual gas collecting main which carries the distillation products to the byproduct recovery apparatus.

Heat for coking the charges of coal in the several ovens or chambers 12 is derived from the heating Walls 11, which, as above mentioned, extend crosswise of the battery at the sides of ,the coking chambers. Each heating wall 11 is constituted of a plurality of flame or combustion fiues 17. The Haine Hues of each heating wall are, in accordance with the invention, operatively disposed into a single series, that is to say all of the flues of each lyeating Wall operate concurrently as 11p-How or down-flow fines as will be hereinafter more fully explained. The heating walls moreover, are grouped into pairs L of adjacent heating walls, which alternatewith intermediate pairs M of such heating walls. lVhen the ilame l'lues ot' the alternate pairs L are burning, that is to .say operating for up-tlow. the flame tiues of the intermediate pairs M of the heating walls are operating for down-How, to permit exhaust of the waste gases.

The crosswise regenerators 1S of the retort oven or battery are located at a lower level than the aforesaid heating walls 11 and coking chambers 12, and, in the present instance, extend in parallelism between the pillar walls 13. Located in the middle lengthwise vertical plane of the battery, is a vertical partition 19, as shown in Fig. 1, which partition extends all the way up from the mat of the battery to the bottom of the overlying heating wall and from one to the other of the pillar walls 13. r1`he regenerators, which are respectively located on opposite sides of the battery extend inwardly to said partition 1i) and are separated thereby as clearly shown in Fig. l. This arrangement permits control from opposite sides of the battery of t-he flow through the regenerators, thereby assisting the novel tine arra Yement in promoting uniformity in distrliliiution.

Each regenerator 18 is a chamber containing open briekwork,eomn1only called checker work, and indicated at 20, with a distributing sqle channel 21 underneath such checkerwork the channels forming the'soles of such chambers and opening up into the checker work.` The regenerators are heated in alternation by the hot combustion products that draw off from the flame or combustion flues hereinbefore mentioned and then impart such heat to the medium that they feed into these tiues.

In accordance with the invention. the series of regenerators on the opposite sides of the aforesaid central partition 19 are rcspectively grouped into pairs L of alternate regenerators corresponding to tht` airs L of alternate heating Walls. and into p irsI M of intermediate i'ege'nerators corresponding to the pairs M of intermediate heating walls. Each regenerator is provided with a series of ducts 23 having forked flow connections 24, all of which lead respectively to individual tiame Hues 17 of both heating walls of the pair corresponding to such regenerator. "ith this construction, each flame flue 17 of each heating wall is communicably connected by ducts with lioth adjacent separate regenerators of its corresponding pair,

vthe flow through the conununicahly connected regenerators being maintained concurrently in the same direction as the How through the fines.

In the present embodiment of the inven- -ttl tion, the entire. series of llame flues 17 of each heating wall 11 is either burning or operating for down-flow to cons vey waste products to the regenerators heneath and consequently the regenerators aligned on opposite sides ot the central longitudinal partition 19 operate concurrently t'or flow in the same direction and in the same manner. The reversal in How through the flues 17 on opposite Sides of a coking chamber and their` communieably con nected regenerators may thus be said yto take place longitudinally of the, battery, instead ot' transversely thereof as has heretofore been a common practice in this art.. The reversal ot' the oven is etl'ccted at the end ot an operating period determined by practice and by means of any preferred type ot' reversing mechanism. The function of .such reversal is as follows: The regenerators that prior to the'reversal operated as in-tlow regenerators become out-flow regenerators. and the out-flow operating regenerators become iii-flow operating regenerators. The 11p-burning series of flues switches function with the down-burning series of flues and the supply of gas is turned ott trom the previously 11p-burning flues and turned on into the mains of the previously downburning fines.

As shown. in Figs. 1 and 2, the series of flues of each heating wall are respectively grouped into pairs N of adjacent. flues, and

the separating walls which are between the two members of tho respective pairs of such fluestermmate below the top ot'the flues. therebv providing out-How passage-ways 26 efor the exhaust of the products ofcombustion from the flames within the flues. The several separating walls E25. which are constituted ot' the usual bottle bricks, are provided with a plurality of. in the present instance three` vertical out-flow channels 27. communicably connected at their tops with the. respective passage-ways 26. and leading downwardlyv and respectively opening into cross' ducts' 28. These cross ducts 28 extend beneath the coking chambers 12 and' function to connect the Several passage-ways 27 of both members of the pairs` of alternate heating walls 11 respectively with the two members-.ol` the two intermediate pairs` M ot heating Walls which are located on tho opposite side of the said alternato pairs L of heating walls. Thus the entire flow from the heating wall. within the tlues ot which combustion is bcing maintained. passes into the passage-ways .26 ot' the pairsl of flues N. thence downward ly throng'A the vertical channels 27 of the bottle bricks. thence. under an adjoining coltingl chamber through ducts Q8 to the vertical channels 27 olI an adjacent heating wall. thence up through said channels 27 to the passage-ways 2G. and thence downwardly through the out-flow operating flues 17 to the out-flow operating regenerators with which such tlues are connected.

The draft through the flues 17 may be regulated by means ot' the usual movable dampers or .sliding bricks 29 located in the passage-ways 26 of the respective filles. 'l`hese slidingr bricks may be reached by access' llues vti which extend from the passage- \va vs :Z6 iu each heating wall to the top of thv.` battery. there heilig an access tlue o- .sitioned over each tlame or combustion ne ol' each heating wall.

llxtendiag erosswis-e of the batteryy and located beneath the heating wall t1 thereabove is a pair of gas supply channels it andI 3'?. These channels` ill and :i2 are tor the purpose ot' .sulndyingl colte oven gas to the several llame tluefs matheoppositesidefofthecentrall' partition 1t). and for this purpose. the ibannel ll communicates with the individual titles 85 17 on one side ot' .said partition 19 by means: of ducts Stil that lead trom such channel ill individuall \v into the bottom.s ot' indiv? tlues: and the channel 53:2 which .supplier .several tlues that are located on the other .side ol' the bel'oresi'uentiourd partition if) communicates with ,said flu-1-` io' means oi' similarlv connecting ducts, ll'itliin the .ser eral ducts are disposed the usual nozzles 3ft. 'l`he .supplyv ot colte oven gas` to the efipef. tive channels` Ill and :l2 is derbed from coke oven gas mains ol` the usual typ= and respee tivelv located on opposite .sides ol' the hals tery and extending longitudinally there along. Suitable means is provided for ads milling' or cutting oll' the suppl)Y ol' gas' with respect lo each pair of channels ill and 25:3, it being' understood that the gas .supply is either concurrently maintained in or roncurrentlv sluit otlI from both channels o: ai pair. For operating the batter)l alte 'itat i\e l v with use ot' a special generator gas. such as' producer gas. as the fuel. one regcnerator of each iii-tlow operating pair. such as the regenerator l) ot' the pair l/ ma'v he optionu all v connected with a producer gas main. b v mechanism such as is disclosed in the beforementioned application ot` .loseph Berker. Ses rial No. 376.1136. .so that' the prod lcer gas may he directed into such of the rcgencra`A torsI l as' are operating l'or inflow and conveyed through these regenerators into burning flame tlues 17.

rl`he operation of the retort oven or oat4 tery. when employing a special generator gas. such as ordinary producer gas. as' the l'uel, is asfollows: The supply of coke oven gas' to the coke oven gas main and to all of the colte oven gas' channelsl Ill. 32. is cut otl. supply of producer gas is permitted to low into one regenerator l of the in-tlow operating pairs. ,such as the pair L'. laaeing; through .said rcgenerators. tbe prodae;` gas is preheated before being delivered into the burning tlamc tlues. During the iii-flow tte liu

of producer gas into such regenerators P, air flows into the other regeneratdrs A of said in-tiow operating pairs L and passing through said regenerators is preheated prior to its delivery into the burning flame flues, such as the Haine tlues L of the pairs of alternate heating walls. In the thune tlues of the intermediate pairs of heating walls M and in the intermediate pairs of regenerators M down-flow is maintained, the flame tlues of the walls M receiving the waste gases from the before-mentioned channels 27 and cross ducts 28. On reversal of the flow the inflow operating regenerators and tlues become out-flow regenerators and fines and concurrently the out-flow regenerators and flues become in-tlow regenerators and tiucs.

In operating the battery with coke oven gas in the ordinary manner, the supply of producer gas to alternate regenerators I) is cut ott and air is permitted to'tlow into such regenerators in place of the producer gas. During colte oven gas operation a supply of coke oven gas is maintained in thc channels tt and S2 which feed the lip-burning tlues. 'l`he reversing mechanism is operated at each reversal to place each of the in-tlow operating rcgenerators; in communication with the outer air and concurrently all of the out-flow operating regenerators lV in communication with the exhaust. A further mode of operation is with coke oven gas as the fuel combined u ith a supply of a neutral gaseous diluent to the tip-burning flues, In so operating the battery, the supply of producer gas is cut otl' and the supply of coke oven gas is turned on. Instead, however, of permitting air to tiow into regenerators of the series P, waste gas is permitted to flow into .such regenerators and be delivered thereby to the updiurning flame tlues. The admission into each ot the lip-burning vfines of a supply of neutral gaseous diluent, such as waste gas. is etfective to lengthen greatly the flames within such fines and to prevent the localization ot' the hottest flame tcmperature in the extreme lower portions of the tlues.

The invention as hereinabove set forth is embodied iu a particular form of construction but may be variously embodied within the seopekott claims hereinafter made.

I claim:

l. In a eokingretort oven, in combination: a pluralily of eoking chambers: heating walls contiguous to such coking chambers and respeetively constituted of vertical combustion flues disposed into pairs: vertical out-flow channels in each heating wall connnunicably connected with a pair ot combustion tlues: duct means extended beneath the coking chambers, said duct means coimnunicably connecting the individual vertical out-flow channels of one heating wall respectively with the individual vertical out-How channels of an adjacent heating wall; and cross-wise regenemtors parallel with the colting chambers and the heating walls, such regcnerators bcing disposed into in-tlow and outttow operating pairs; each rcgenerator ot each pair being communicably connected with the combustion flues of a pair otI adjacent heating walls; substantially as specitied,

2. In a coking retort oven, in combination; a plurality of coking chambers; heating walls contiguous to such coking chambers and respectively constituted of vertical combustion tlues; vertical out-flow channels in each heating wall connnunicably connected with said combustion tlues; duct means extended beneath the coking chambers, said duct means communicably connecting the individual out-flow channels of one heating wall respectively with the individual vertical out-How channels of an adjacentheating wall; and cross-wise regenerators parallel with the coking chambers and the heating walls, such regenerators being disposed into in-tlow and out-flow operating pairs; each regenerator of each pair being communicably connected with the combustion fines of a pair of adjacent heating walls; substantially as specified.

3. In a Cokin y retort oven. in combination: a plurality o coking chambers; heating walls contiguous to such coking chambers, respectively constituted of vertical combustion tlues; vertical out-flow channels in each heating wall communicably connected with said combustion flues; duct means extended beneath the coking chambers, said duct means communicably connecting the individual vertical outflow channels of one heating wall respectively with the individual vertical out-flow channels of an adjacent heating wall: and regcnerators communicably connected with said combustion tiues; substantially as specified.

4. In combination with theI coking chambers of a coke oven battery, heating Walls respectively constituting two opposite side walls of the respective coking chambers, said heating walls comprising vertical combustion t'lues. the fl'ues of the heating walls being connmmicably connected directly with each other at one of their ends by duct means eX- tended respectively beneath and across the intervening eoking chambers. and reversible regenerators connected with said filles at their other ends: substantially as specified.

5. In a coli-ing retort oven. in combination: a series ot alternate horizontal rotting chambers and heating walls therefor: said heatingy walls respectively comprisingr vertical combustion lines: vertical outflow channels eommunicably connected with said combustion fines: duct` means extending beneath the coking chambers,'said duct means cornmunicably connecting transversely of the in- :rreaing eohing ehainhers the vertical out e? ehi ,ifs at' alternate heating walls 'ft-sith thel reresponiling vertical out-flow handels el' intermediate heating walls rea-eiivei; .uid @ross-wists regenerators comnmtnirrilni roniaeeted with the tlues of said tearing wallet; wil 'tantiailv ae speeitied.

L in ay rotting retort. oven, in eombinaf a sra-ies ot' alti-mate eolring eharnhers and hee-.tine` walls' therei'err Stitl heating walls resiiafcstivt fr -tfomprising vertical conn tation flue-,54: duet. means extending beneath 'the eelziiig eliainhers and Communie-ably enneeting trattare lly of the intervening eoliing ehainhers one of the ends ot' the tlues et' the alternate heating walls Vith one of the ends of the tlues ot the intermediate heating wallsv respeetively, and regenerators eiinimnnieahly eonneeted Awith the other ot @he ende: of the tlues of said heating walls; Vahstantially as speeitied.

'il'. ln a eoliing retort oven, in eomhinaron: a seriesy et alternate horimintal eoking :intere and heating elafnhers tlwretor, heaine einiinliew respeetively compris'- ia-j vertaal etmihustion tlnes: said heating ntieis, heilig disposed into adjoining i; it

if haring the eoniaistion fines et a g elzamher remmunieahly eonneeted :t one en-:l thereot' with the eomlaistion fines vt an adjaeeul heating (thaniher at one end l the latter linea: and erossvwse regener- :ztorzs parallel with the eolting ehamhers and heating ehamhers said regenerators hedispostal inte in (low pairs; and outflow )t i the other ends, el said romhustion the: et adiaeent heatingr ehamhers of said -fiirninini p nrsv ot heating rhamhers Cone Winterling with iaith rewnerators of the fsazea l regenerate ,fuhstantially as ing retort ofen. in combinac alternate eel-:ing eliamliers ltiti n serle (it ltr-ating weils therefor; said heating oustion tlues; outflow channels in each heat ing Wall substantially parallel thereto communieahly connected with said combustion tlues in the same wall therewith; the outflow channels in one heating wall being paired and eommunieating with the outflow channels respectivelyr in the heating wall on the opposite side ot' a contiguous eoliing eliamher by a plurality erossing under said contiguousl eoliingehanh her, said duets being respectively individual to eaeh of the pairs ot' paired outflow ehannels.

9. ln a coke oven battery, in eomhination: a series ot' alternate eoking 'hamhersY and heating walls therefor, each of said heating walls eomprising vertical eomhnstion tlues, a pluralitv of duet means in eaeh of said heating walls, the titles of eaeh heating wall heing disposed into pairs eaeh et which pairs is individual to aml eommunieates with one ot' said duet means in the same wall therewith and at the upper ende of the tiues, eaeh of said duct meansl in one heating wall heilig individual to and rommunieating` with one ot' said duet means in another heating wall hy duety means passing heneath an intervening r-eking ehamher; and reversi hle regenerators respectively ronneeted with the others ends otl the pairs ot' tluesf lt). In a reke oven batterv` in eomhination: a series of alternate eolt'ing rhamhersand heating walls therefor, eaeh et' said heating walls comprising vertical eomhustion tlues, the ripper ends of the tlues in one of said heating walls heing eemmunieahly eonneeted with the upper ends` et the tlue in another ot' .said heatingwalls h' duety means passing heneath an intervening eelting ehamher: and reversihle regeneratorsl eonneeted with the other ends ol said tlnes.

In testimony whereof I atiix my signature this Qt'ith day of August, l92l.

NATHANmL o. PARRY.

ot erossunder duets

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