US1663631A - Governor - Google Patents

Description

Match 27, 1928. 1,663,631

R. G. HANDY ET AL i OVERNOR Filed May 8, 1922 Patented Mar. 27, 1928 UNITED STATES PATENT oi-"FicE.

ROBERT: G. HANDY AND ARTHUR A. BULL, 0F DETROIT, MICHIGAN, ASSIGNOBS TO *HANDY GOVERNOR (3O'RPOBATION, MICHIGAN.

0E DETROIT, MICHIGAN, A GOBPOBATION OI I GOVERNOR.

Application filed Kay 8, 1922. Serial No. 559,486.

The present invention relates to suction actuated governors for hydrocarbon engines, wherein the motive element of the governor is a disc, slidably mounted for axial movement in a portion of the intake conduit havinga cross section which gradually decreases towards the intake manifold being a species of the invention described in our Patent No. 1,584,929, May 18, 1926. Heretofore governors of this type have not given a satisfactory erformance. They have been found incapab e of maintaining an approximately invariable speed under all load conditions. Furthermore, at the governed speed, thepower obtained is only a fraction of that obtained at the same speed when there is no governor of this type. It is believed that the failure of prior constructions of the kind referred to has been due to the fact that the designers'did not appreciate the varying, and to some extent irregular, suction effects which are produced in the intake conduit by the motive and throttling elements as they approach and recede from obstructing position, and thus did not provide proper corrective means for compensating these varying suction effects.

It has been found that the increment of pressure difference, to which the motive element of a governor of the above mentioned type is subjected increases, in general, at an accelerated rate as said motive element moves towards obstructing position, at any constant B. P. M. 1As is well known, a

spring or similar yielding device offers a gradually increasing resistance as itis deformed. It is apparentther'efore that a governor which has a suction actuated motive element of the kind referred to cannot be directly balanced by a spring; the spring may balance the mo ive element at one or, at most, two positions, at a constant R. P. M., but at all other positions the member will be unbalanced. In order that the governor may efiect an invariable speed under difierent loads, the motive element must necessarily be balanced at all positions thereof, when the engine is operating at the governed speed. To accomplish this a corrective means should be interposed between the counterbalancing spring, or other yielding force, and the motive element, which will exactly equalize the suction efiorts on the mosign; a cam contour can be tive element and the counterbalancin force.

Furthermore, it has been found t at the suction efl'ects, operating on the motive element of governors of thetype referred to,

do not vary uniformly. These effects, in

general, increase at an accelerated rate as the intake passage becomes more nearly ob-. structed, but the rate of accelerationdepends upon various factors, suchas the position and shape of the obstructing elements, the speed of the motor, the lead thereon, etc., and where a throttle separate. from the motive element is employed the throttle will materially affect the pressure difli'erential-acting on the motive element, particularly when the throttle is in nearly closed positions. It- 1s not possible to design a corrective means, which will produce a stable governor performance from purely theoretical data, for the reason that it is not possible to pre deter mine accurately these varying suction effects.

It follows, therefore, if the corrective means employed is to give stable-results under all load conditions, said corrective means must be capable of calibration in different positi ons. The correctivemeans employed in accordance with the present invention is a cam mechanism. In a governor constructed in accordance with the present invention, a cam is interposed in the connections between the motive element of the governor and thee spring, or other yielding counterbalance the said cam having a contour which has een determined empirically, and therefore opcrates to effect a balance in all positions of the governor parts, when the engine is running at the predetermined governed speed. It i believed that a cam mechanism is the only practical corrective device which will produce this result. In any purely link system or gear system of compensation, the parts cannot be calibrated in difierent positions thereof; such a system cannot be illtcred at will to give any desired corrective efl'ect atany position of such system, where such effect is bound in practice to be necessary, and hence such a system cannot compensate the varying and imfeguiar suction eifects on the motive element of the governor. On the other hand, a cam surface can be easily altered from the theoretical depirically which will accurately conform with produced emhydrocarbon motor.

suitable means these varying and. irregular suction effects,-

and which Wlll therefore governor performance.

Referring to the accompanyin drawings for a description of two speci c embodiments of this invention;

Figure 1 is a side elevation of a governor constructed in accordance with the present invention; i

Figure 2 is a longitudinal vertical section of Figure 1;

Figure 3 is a vertical.

produce a perfect section of Figure 1 taken on a plane at right angles to the plane of Figure 2; and

Figure 4 is an elevation of a governor of modified construction.

Referring to the drawings, the numeral 10 designates a hollow casting having end flanges 11, adapting it to be secured at some convenient point in the intake conduit of a The casting form a conduit 12, preferably of rectangular cross section and a chamber 13. The form of governor shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3comprises a throttle valve 14 and a separate motive element 15 for actuating it. The throttle valve is preferably of the pivoted butterfly type, and in the form illustrated consists of a rectangular plate secured along its transverse center line to a stem 16, which is pivoted in bearings formed in the walls of the conduit. The valve is therefore, balanced against suction effects. One endof the valve stem projects into chamber 13 and has secured thereon an arm 17 which carries at its outer end a pin, on which is journaled an antifriction roller 18. The motive element 15 consistsof a disc slidably mounted on a-spindle 19, which is supported axially of the conduit by a spider shown, the disc operates in a portion of the conduit having a cross section which gradually decreases towards the intake manifold of the motor. The mechanism for operatively connecting the disc and valve includes a shaft 21 which is pivoted in castin 10, one end of said shaft projecting into 0 amber 13 and having fixed'thereon a cam arm 22, and the other end thereof rojecting into a recess opening into'the con uit, this latter end having attached thereto an arm 23 which is connected'by a link 24to disc 15. As clearly shown in Figures land 3; a spiral spring 25 surrounds the end of valve stem 16 and has its inner end secured thereto. The outer end of said spring is attached to a pin 26 projecting from the inner face of a rotatable cap 27. I The. tension of the spring can be adjusted by rotating the cap,

cap in its various positions of adjustment. Arm 22 is formed with a cam surface 28, with which roller 18 isheld in. yielding engagement by the action of 'sprin'g 25.

Figure 4 illustrates a modified construc- 20. As clearly being provided to lock the tion, wherein the throttle valve is consolidated with the motive element, the motive element in this construction performing both the motive and throttling functions. As in the previous construction, a disc 15 operates in a portion of the intake conduit of gradually decreasing cross section. This disc is slidably mounted on a spindle 29, which is sup orted at its upper and lower ends by suita le cross pieces rigid with the casting. This disc is formed with a sleeve 30, having at its lower end a slotted member in which works a in on the end of arm 23. An arm 22, whic is attached to that end of shaft 21 which projects into chamber 13', has a roller 41 journaled on its outer end and contacting a cam surface 32 formed on a pivoted arm 32. The free end ofarm 32 is attached to a spring 33 and the other end of said spring is hooked through a swivel carried by an adjusting screw 34. A suitable cover 35 is provided for the chambers 13 and 13.

The cam surfaces 28 and 32 are designed so that the suction effort on the disk is exactly' balanced by the springs 25 and 33 regardless of the position of said discs, when the motor is operating at the predetermined governed speed. That is to say, when the motor is running at the predetermined governed speed, the suction effort on the disc is balanced whether the disc is at one orthc other limit of its travel or in any intermediate position.

It will be understood that the constructions described are merely illustrative of the invention, andthat various changes may be made therein without departing from the scope of the claims appended hereto.

. Having thus described our invention what we claim as new and desireto secure by Letters Patent is:

1. In a suction responsive gr vernor, an intake conduit member having a portion'of gradually decreasing cross section, a disc slidably' mounted in said conduit portion, and controlling means for said disc including a spring acting in opposition to the suc- 2. In a suction responsive governor, an intake conduit having a portion of radu-v ally varying cross section, a member odily movable therein and operating to gradually obstruct said conduit as the suction therein and yielding means including cam, mechanism for balancing said member in all thereof, when the engine is oper-,

increases,

positions ating at' a predetermined speed, said cam mechanism including a pivoted member havmg a cam sifrface, and link work positively connecting said bodily movable member to said pivoted member. i

3. In a suction responsive governor, an intake conduit member having a portion of gradually varying cross section, a disc Slldably mounted therein and operating to gradually obstruct said conduit as the suction therein increases, a spring and connections between said spring and disc, said connections including cam mechanism to modify the action of said spring, said cam mechanism including a pivoted member having a cam surface, and link work positively connecting said disc to said pivoted member, for the purpose described.

4. In a suction responsive governor, an intake conduit having a portion of gradually varying cross section, a member bo ily movable in said conduit portion and operating to gradually,v obstruct said conduit as the suction therein increases, a valve in the intake conduit, a spring opposing movement of said member toward obstructing position, and connections between said member and valve including cam mechanism modifying the movement of said valve relative to the movement of said member, said cam mechanism including a pivoted member having a cam surface, and link work positively connecting said bodily movable member-to said pivoted member for the purpose described.

5. In a suction responsive governor, an intake conduit member having a portion of gradually varying cross section, a suction responsive member in said portion operating to graduallypbstruct said conduit as the suction therein increases, a valve in said conduit, and yielding connections between said valve and suction responsive member including cam mechanism, said cam mechanism including a ivoted member having a cam surface, and ink work positively connecting said suction responsive member to said pivoted member, for the purpose de scribed. p

6. In a suction responsive governor, an intake conduit member having a portion of gradually varying cross section, a suction responsive member in said (portion operating to gradually obstruct sai conduit as the suction therein increases, a valve in said conduit, :1 spring opposing the movement of said suction responsive member, and connections between said member and valve including cam mechanism, said cam mechanism including apivoted member having a cam surface, and link work positivel connecting said suction responsive mem er to said pivoted member.

7. In a suction responsive governorfor hydrocarbon engines, an intake conduit member having a portion of gradually varying cross section, a suction responsive memher in .said port-ion operating ,to gradually obstruct said conduit as the suction th rein increases, a pivoted valve in said condui on the carburetor side of said suction responsive member, an arm rigid with the pivot of said valve, a two arm lever having a cam surface on one arm contacting the end of said valve arm, connections between the other arm of said lever and said suction responsive member, and yielding means opposing the closing of said valve by said suction responsive member.

8. In a suction responsive governor for hydrocarbon engines, an intake conduit member having a portionof gradually varying cross section, a disc slidably mounted in said portion and operating to gradually obstruct said conduit as the suction therein on the carburetor side of saidsuction responsive member, connections between said pivoted member having a cam surface, and

link work' positively connecting said disc to said pivoted mem r.

In testimony whereof we hereunto aflix- ROBERT G. HANDY. ARTHUR A. BULL.

our signatures.

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