US1658674A - Combustion pump - Google Patents

Description

Feb. 7, 1928.

H. FOTTINGER COMBUSTION PUMP Filed Sept. 28. 1921 2 Sheets-Shet 1 trill/Ill!!!lllflfI/lldl/ I 1 a a I! ll. lit 7 II I I I Feb. 7, 1928. 1,658,674

H. FGTTINGER COMBUSTION PUMP Filed Sept. 28. 1921 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Patented Feb. '7, 1928.

' UNITED STATES PATENT oFFicE.

HERMANN ro'r'rmonn, or zorro'r, nn'nn nnnzre, FREE STATE or DANZIG.

oomisus'rion PUMP.

Application filed September-38,1921, Serial No. 503,824, and in Germany September 30, 1920.

In internal combustion pumps and the like of the type constructed by Humphrey and others, great diflic'ulties are experienced owing to the fact that at higher speeds the sur-. face of the liquid forms a-Ispray or fairly large lumps, which cause -a very unfavourable escape of heat, formation of froth and heavy water shocks.

According to the present invention these drawbacks are obviatedby limiting the free surface of the liquid to a narrow annular space or clearance of sufficient height and filled with neutral insulating gases. This is attained by covering the remaining portion of the surface by a special cylinder or bellshaped floating body, which is freely supported and carried along by the liquid dur-' ing the whole of the stroke. U

lit is known to use floats for controlling the valves of internal combustion pumps. In the known arrangements, however, the action of such floats was limited to a fraction of the working stroke or the floats were positively guided by the cylinder walls and consequently the arrangements were totally diiferent from those of the present invention.

It is also known to employ in connection with internal combustion water pumps, a completely tight fitting plunger or piston which separates the liquid completely from the combustion gases and prevents any contact between the gases and the liquid.

The present invention differs from these known arrangements inasmuch as it permits of a free play of the liquid between the float and the cylinder wall, thus maintaining a soft and elastic action between the gases, the float and the liquid, and further by main taining a special insulating gas belt between the hot combustion chamber and the liquid.

In the annexed drawings, which form a part of this specification, some constructional embodiments of the invention are illustrated.

Figure l is a vertical sectional view of a working cylinder and the float contained in it.

Figures 1, 1 and 1 represent two modifications of the lower part of a working cylinder in horizontal and verticalcross sections, respectively.

Figure 2 is a partial section of a modification of the construction shown in Figure 1.

Figure 3 represents a sectional elevation of a further modification on a larger scale. the float body 4 of such length as to increase 110 Figure 4 is a partial sectional View of of auxiliary details disposed between the wall of the cylinder and the upper part of the float.

Similar numerals of reference denote corresponding parts throughout all figures of the drawing. l

Fig. 1 shows by way of example, one construction embodying the features of the in vent-ion. The level of the liquid to be pumped within the cylinder 1 oscillates-or varies toand fro between the heights Z and m and carries with it, during the whole stroke, the float 4 which has free play and has no contact with the wall of the cylinder. The free surface of the liquid lies within the narrow annular space between the float 4' and the cylinder 1, which forms partof the clearance space and remains filled with ex-.

haust gases or fresh air and consequently cannot assume the combustion temperature or traismit same. Means for controlling the admission and exhaust of gases to and from the upper part of the cylinder and means for igniting a combustible charge therewithin are represented respectively in Fig. 3 by the poppet valves and spark plug shown at the upper end ofthe cylinder.

According to the arrangement shown in Figs. 1*, L, and 1, favourable results asregards utilization of the kinetic energy of the inwardly and outwardly flowing liquid may be attained by arranging the inlet and outlet conduit portions 7 and 57 of the total liquid flow eccentrically with regard to the cylinder in such a manner as to cause the liquid to as some a rotary. motion at the entrance into the working cylinder, which is maintained and is made use of at, the discharge in the same sense of rotation fdr propulsion of the out- .going liquid.

It is particularly advantageous to make.

- uid level from the upper explosion space,

dish-shaped extension that is to make the length Z as great as possible in proportion to the length m of the working cylinder. Accordingly, said float is made of a length greater than the working stroke of the liquid within the cylinder and the upper end thereof is projected above the level of the liquid to form therearound a narrow annular insulating zone, which prevents splashing ofthe liquid into the combustion chamberor space of the cylinder. By this means the longest possible annular clearance space, filled with neutral gases, is produced, which renders heat absorption, formation of froth and water shocks quite insignificantl The lower position of the float is indicated by the dotted lines. A float of such length may suitably be guided by rollers 15 or the like, which may be mounted either in the cylinder 1 (Fig. 1) or in the body of the float a (Fig. 2).

Instead of this manner of guiding the float, an arrangement such as shown in Fig. 3 may be used in which the float is guided by means of'a central column 37, 3'8wh1ch is capped by the float. The column preferabl carries at its upper end an extension (Figs. 4 and 3) having the shape of a spider or disk guiding the float which carries a guiding sleeve at its lower end. In tliis'manner an upper guide 30 and a lower guide 17 both entirely removed from the direct influence of the gases, as

are obtained. Fig. 3 also shows means, such as the extension 18 and levers 19, 20 for actuating externally arranged controllingor gearing'devices from the interior of the cylinder by the aid of the float.

The 'above'described float guiding means 17, 30 may be further developed in such a manner as to utilize the float body at the same time as a blast or compressor cylinderv for any desired purpose. To this end, the 30 may be provided along its edge with a suitable piston packing and the column may be divided by one or more longitudinal partition walls 38 (Fig. 5),

' into two or more longitudinal passages or conduits 33, 34 communicating with external connections 35, 36 (Fig. 3) for air, gas, combustion mixture, or the like accordin to the At the upper en of the column, an opening serving as a gas inlet and outlet to or from the interior of the hollow float body. Ihe compressor valves and other parts may be connected at 35, 36, or, as shown in Figs. 7 L and 8, the guide member 30 may be so con-' structed as to form a suitable sub-divided valve casin for the reception of suction and pressure va ves 46, 47. I

. Both sides of the'float (top and bottom space) may be used as gas pumps, or-one side "may be used asa scavenging and charging pump for the air, and the other side for gas,

31' may be provided,

or as a compressor for any other external use.

In case of very high explosion pressures, the float may be so heavy that the buoyancy of the working liquid will barely suflice for supporting the float. In such cases, some external supporting or carrying force may be used, in addition to the buoyancy of the liquid, for carrying the float. For instance, counter weights, springs, a pressure or a wicuuincylinder may be operatively connected with the float by a lever mechanism similar to that shown in Fig. 3 for the purpose of lifting same. The arrangement shown in Fig. 3 comprises an oscillating piston 23 connected by the piston rod 22 with. the oscillating lever 21. The piston works in the cylinder 2% pivoted at 25 in which a vacuum may be produced through the connection 26.

Instead of using an external device for supporting or carrying the float, a difl'erence of pressure in the upper and lower gas chamber of the float ma be, produced in such a manner as to result in an upwardly directed lifting force which supports the floatduring the greater part of the cycle. This may, for instance, be efl'ected'by throttling the gas discharge from the upper space .32, or by admitting pressure to this space from the outside, by suitable dimensions of the relative cross sections, or by converse arrangements applied to the space below the piston.

In order to limit the movement of the float and consequently that of the liquid column to be pumped, particularly in the upward direction, the upper part 1 of the cylindermay be given a smaller diameter than the lower part 40 as shown in Fig. 6, whereby a throttling action is produced in the space 41 between the cylinder and the flange of the float 17 which cushions the movement of the float particularly near theiupper end of the stroke, and if properly arranged reduces the detrimental effects of any spraying that may occur.

Fig. 9 illustrates another arrangement for gas cushion or buffer produced by. compression in the float in the manner known in connection with steam hammers'or duplex pumps. For this purpose a tubular extension or sleeve may be provided which retards or prevents the discharge of gas from the passage 33 along a certain part of the upward stroke. In the lower part of the float, the guide sleeve 17 may be arran ed to cover the discharge opening 31 and t us produce a similar cushioning eflect.

The detrimental effects of spraying may be further limited or reduced by providing in the manner shown in Figs. 10 and 11 prqections, ribs, grooves, labyrinth crests or similar devices, upon the cylinder 1 or the float, 4, or both of them, in such a manforced at or near the highest position of the Lil float, that is during the period of the highest compression in the combustion chamber, through openings or slits 60 into an auxiliary lateral chamber 61 in which a'lower pressure exists at the time being. The liquid may be discharged from this auxiliary space either by. automatic or positively controlled valve members through the connection 62 and may be used for compressing a small quantity of air, and it may be allowed to return direct' into the working cylinder when the pressure in the cylinder drops.

In addition to this arrangement provision.

may be made for allowing liquid to enter and go out through the pipes 62 for the purpose of regulating the action of the charm ber 61.

Fig. 14 illustrates an arrangement of the cylinder and float suit-able for a two-stroke cycle. In this arrangement the openings for scavenging or charging are shown opening partly or completely into the annular clearancespace between the cylinder and float so that said space is kept permanent ly filled with neutral gases; the upper part of the float being suitably modified for this purpose. The gas admission and exhaust controlling members or valves may, instead of-the arrangement shown in Fig. 3, have the form of flat or annular slide valves 72 arranged either in separate chambers or in one common annular chamber 71 around the cylinder and may be operated by any suitable means. In this figure the upper part of the float is shown rounded ofl to facilitate the passing of gases.

By this invention the disadvantages of the external combustion pumps or turbines may be reduced to such an extent as to enable the number of strokes to be raised from 12 to 15 per minute or to the number of strokes of the up-to-date Diesel engines.

The invention represents an importantdevclopment in connection with gas turbines in which an auxiliary liquid is used. Some constructional embodiments of the invention have been shown for the purpose of examples, but what I broadly claim as "my invention is:

1. In an internal combustion pump, the combination with a working cylinder having means for creating combustion and adapted to contain a liquid to be pumped, together with an inlet and'outlet for the-latter, of a cylindrical float freely reciprocable said cylinder, said float being projected above the level of the liquid sufliciently to forma narrow annular insulating zone adapted to withhold splashes from entering the com-. bustion chamber of said working cylinder and the length of said float being greater than the operation stroke of the liquid.

2. In an internal combustion pump, the combination with a working cylinder including means for creating combustion and adapted to contain a liquid to be pumped,

float being projected above the level of the liquid to form th-erearound a narrow zone adapted to insulate the combustion chamber from the liquid and the length of said float being greater than the -working stroke of the liquid within the cylinder.

3. A working cylinder for internal combustion pumps containing a. liquid to be pumped and a cylindrical float reciprocable therein, said float being of alength greater than the pulsative working stroke of. the liquid and having its top extended above the level of the liquid so as to provide a narrow annular insulating zone adapted to withhold splashes from entering the combustion chamber of the working cylinder, means connected with the cylinder for admittingand discharging the pumped liquid therein, and means for creating combustion therein.

4. The combination with a working cylinder for internal combustion pumps adapted to contain a liquid andhaving inlet and'outlet means therefor, together with means for creating combustion therein, of a cylindrt cal float reciprocable in said cylinder in unison, with the pumped liquid, said float being of a length greater than the working stroke of the liquid and guided on a column having tubular passages through which fluid is admissible and'exhaustible for compression or pumping purposes as the float is reciprocated, the upper end of said column being entirely enclosed within-said float to provide a piston portion cooperating wtih the walls of the latter.

5. In an internal combustion pump, the combination with a working cylinder adapted to contain a liquid and having inlet and outlet means therefor, together with means for creating combustion therein, of a cylindrical float freely reciprocable within the cylinder in unison with the pumped liquid, said flo'at being of greater length than the fworking stroke of the liquid and having its top extended above the level of the liquid to provide a narrow annular insulating zone adapted to prevent splashing thereof into the combustion chamber of the working cylinder, and a column on which the ice float is reciprocable, said column being provided with admission and discharge passages for fluid and having a circular extensionat its upper end forming a guide for the float and providing a piston for compressing or pumping fluid admitted thereto as said float is reciprocated.

6. In an internal combustion pump, the combination of a working cylinder adapted to contain a liquid and having inlet and outlet passages for the liquid, together with means for creating combustion therein, a cylindrical float reciprocable within said cylinder, having its upper end projected above the level of the. liquid so as to form a narrow insulating zone therearound, and means for freely guiding the float in its stroke.

7. In an internal combustion pump, the combination of a working cylinder adapted to contain a liquid and having inlet and outlet means therefor, together with means for creating combustion therein. a cylini lrical float reciproeahle within said cylinder in unison with the pumped liquid, together with a central column having an enlarged top portion providing a vertical guide. for the float and separate. admission and discharge channels for gases acted upon by said tmlarged portion -for compressing or pump ing the latter as said float is reciprocatcd.

8. In an internal combustion pump, the

.COlTtblIltltlOll with a working cylinder adapted to contain a liquid and having inlet and outlet means therefor. together with means tor creating combustion. of a cylindrical dloat 'reciprocable within the cylinder in unison with the liquid, a central column rovlding an inner vertical gu de for the oat and having separate adnnssion and dis- I charge channels lor gases, and a disc-like extensionon the upper end ol said column forminga balancing guide for the float and acting as a piston for compressing the gases through the reciprocatimis of said float.

9. In an internal combustion pump, the combination with a working cylinder adapt ed to contain a liquid and having inlet and outlet means therefor, together with means for creating combustion, of a cylindrical float reciprocable within the cylinder in unison with the liqniddand acting as a piston for compressing the gases admitted through the column to said float as the latter is reciprocated in the cylinder, a central column providing a vertical inner guide for the float-and having separate channels thereinproviding passages for the admission and discharge ofgases therethrough, a disc-like extension on the-upper end of said column forming a balancing guide for said float, and valves provided in said extension for controlling the admission and discharge from the float of the air and gases compressed therein.

10. In an internal combustion pump, the

combination with a working cylinder adapted to contain a liquid and having inlet and outlet means for the latter, together with means for creating combustion therein, of a cylindrical float reciprocable in said cylinder in unison with the liquid, a counterbalancing air buffer, and means connecting said float with said buffer.

11. In an internal combustion pump, the combination with a working cylinder adapted to contain a pulsating liquid and having inlet and outlet means for the latter, together with means for creating combustion therein, of a cylindrical float reciprocable in said cylinder in unison with the liquid, guiding means arranged in the interior of said float, and cushioning means for the float combined with said guiding means.

12. In an internal combustion pump, the combination with a working cylinder adapted to contain a liquid and having inlet and outlet means for the latter, together with means for creating combustion therein, of a cylindrical float freely reciprocated within the cylinder in unison with the liquid, said float being of greater length than the working stroke of the liquid and projecting above the level of the liquid so as to form a narrow annular insulating zone between the liquid and the combustion chamber of the cylinder, and .a stationary column enclosed by said float upon which the latter is reciprocally guided.

13. In an internal combustion pump, the combination with a working cylinder adapted to contain a liquid and having inlet and outlet means for the latter, together with means for creating combustion therein, of a cylindrical float freely reciprocable within the cylinder in unison with the liquid, said float being projected above the level of the liquid so as to form a narrow annular insulating zone between the liquid and the com bastion chamber of the cylinder, a stationary column enclosed by said'r'fioat upon which the latter is reciprocally guided, and a piston-like float guiding-member secured on the upper end of said column providing a buffer means for the float.

14. In an internal combustion pump, the

combination with a working cylinder adapt- DR. HERMANN FGTTINGER.

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