US1657411A - Ciphering machine - Google Patents

Ciphering machine Download PDF

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Publication number
US1657411A
US1657411A US617352A US61735223A US1657411A US 1657411 A US1657411 A US 1657411A US 617352 A US617352 A US 617352A US 61735223 A US61735223 A US 61735223A US 1657411 A US1657411 A US 1657411A
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United States
Prior art keywords
contact
drums
drum
contacts
shaft
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Expired - Lifetime
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US617352A
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English (en)
Inventor
Scherbius Arthur
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CHIFFRIERMASCHINEN AG
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CHIFFRIERMASCHINEN AG
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09C—CIPHERING OR DECIPHERING APPARATUS FOR CRYPTOGRAPHIC OR OTHER PURPOSES INVOLVING THE NEED FOR SECRECY
    • G09C3/00—Typewriters for ciphering or deciphering cryptographic text
    • G09C3/04—Typewriters for ciphering or deciphering cryptographic text wherein the operative connections between the keys and the type-bars are automatically and continuously permuted, during operation, by a coding or key member
    • G09C3/08—Typewriters for ciphering or deciphering cryptographic text wherein the operative connections between the keys and the type-bars are automatically and continuously permuted, during operation, by a coding or key member the connections being electrical

Definitions

  • VIt has already been proposed to A.usefor ciphering of a clear text andv for deciphering machines which either type the ciphered letters ina similar manner to ,thatof a typewriting machine orwhichproduce .ajciphered perforated cable tape or Opel'atean indicating device.
  • the Operation offmachines, ⁇ of this type A is based for instance on thef interchanging of the closed circuits between the keys marked with the letters o f the alphabet and the type levers or the levers of a perforator for cable tapes each time; after the sending Ofone or more of a determined number of letters.
  • this ⁇ defect is ⁇ 'v-ding on the cipheringmachine aA device machine after every series of letters.
  • Figure 3 is a front elevation of the drum. ⁇ Each key of the key-board 1 of the typewriting machine connects by means of a ⁇ Contact operated at the depression of the.
  • each vdrum 10 and 11 are connected by cables 13 perforator are connected with the minus' pole of a source ot current.
  • the drums 6 9 are coupled with the driving wheel 15 by toothed Wheel gear of a variable transmission in that each of the drums 6, 7, 8 and 9 are driven by gears having a different number of teeth, as shown at 16 and 17. For clearness sake only the couplings for the drums 6 and 8 are shown on the drawing.
  • the toothed Wheels 16and 21 on the one i lhand and ⁇ 17 and 22 on the other hand are keyed on shafts 19 and 20.
  • the toothed Wheels 16 and 17 are in gear with the spur Wheel 18 rigidly connected with the driving Wheel 15, the toothed Wheels 21 and 22 being in gear with 4toothed crowns of the drums 6 and 8 respectively.
  • the drum 4 is their periphery, which serve for the adjustmentof the drum-s to a certain key Word at thebeginning of coding. For this adjustmentv it .is possible to disconnect the @drive gearsfor lthe drums, adjust the .drums to the key word and again connect in the drive gears, so that, for example, as in the example shown, the key word niag appears before a window (not shown).
  • the driving Wheel 15 has teeth 23 on its circumference with which the blade.spring 24 of a resiliently mounted armature 25' engages.
  • an electromagnet 26 Opposite the armature an electromagnet 26 is arranged, the exciter coils of which are connected by 'one of their terminals with'v the ressed bv spring 28, through vthe interme iary of lever 27, against the drum 6 but it may be brought in. contact with the stationary drum 10 against the action. of spring 28 by the depression of the lever 27.
  • the drives of the type levers of the telegraphic perforator are connected with the contact pins of drum 10 ytion of rest shown on the drawing.
  • desired letter of the telegraphic perforator 29 has at its front end two contact plates 30-and 31 opposite ⁇ which two spring controlled contacts 32 and 33 'are arranged.
  • the contact 32 is connected with the lead 2 and the contact 33 is connected with the terminal of the electromagnet 26.
  • 'lhe contact 33 is supported by a lever 35 which is pivotally mounted on a stud 34 so that it osycillates only with difficulty and is held by friction in any position to which it is.
  • ure disks of which are connected by Way of the axle and the casing of the counting mechanism with the lead between the contact 33 and the magnet 26.
  • the contacts 404444 slide, said contacts being adapted to be singly connected with the plus pole of the source of current by means ot the switche; 45-49.
  • Thefigure disks with sliding contacts have on their circumferences plates of insulating material (those visible on the drawing are designated 50, 51, 52) which are of such size and which are arranged in tuch a manner-that they interrupt the conducting connection between the sliding contacts 40- ⁇ 44 and the ligure disks only it said figure disks are in the zero position.
  • the feeding of the counter is effected by the driving Wheel 15 in such a way that at eachpartial rotation of Wheel 15 the unit disk of the counter is advanced by one ligure.
  • the ratio of the number of teeth of the driving wheel 15 to those of the numbering device meshing therewith is selected so that each time the member 24 moves the wheel 15 forwardly by one notch 23, the numbering or counting mechanism is adjusted further -for one unit.
  • the ciphering machine Works as follows y I 1
  • y I 1 By the depression of a key of key board l one of the electromagnets of the perforator 12 is excited which is' determined by the positionv of the drums 6, 7 8 and 9 so that the corresponding letter -is perforated.
  • the magnet "26 situated in the circuit 2 common to all letters is excited and the armature 25-is attracted.
  • the circuit is interrupted and the loo . armature is released by the magnet, sothat -perfor'aton
  • the device which, according to the inf vention indicates the termination of a series of letters, in the present case by stopping the machine, is controlled by the counting mechanismy 39. In the form of constructhe Y tion shown by way of example the machine is stopped always after the indicating of one thousand letters. With this object in view the sliding contacts 40, 41 and 42 are connected across the switches 45, 46, 47
  • chine may be used with the lead 2 while avoidingl foration marks and their groupmgs.
  • ⁇ connection between the perforator and the A the contacts 31 and 32 is interrupted and a connection between lt-hecontacts and is produced -since lever 35 remains in its lowered position, being held by friction inV the bearing indicated by stud 34, and thus keeping the contact between spring 36 and armature 38. so that now only the counting mechanism 39 is switched out of the circuit 2 common to all keys. If now a key of the key board 1 is'depressed and the first letter of the new row of ciphered letters is thus' being typed the feeding mechanism executes a feeding movement so that the counter registers again the letter which has been trans-V mitted, the counter indicating the number 14001.
  • connection over contact 4() and the unit disk is thus re-established.
  • connection of the contacts 250 and 33 is interrupted in the following manner.
  • magnet 26 the front face of the armature
  • the blade spring 36 engages with groove 37 in-which it moves up' ward through the intermediary of the arma-
  • The-lever 35 returns thus to the initial position.
  • the blade spring 36 which is still in engagement with groove 37 is released and assumes again the position of restshown on the drawing.
  • the device described is a coding ⁇ apparatus. If a message received in code is to be deciphercd, use is made either of a special device, composed of the saure parts as the machine described, but. in which the lead bundles 3 and 14 are interclmnged.Y or ot an apparatus according to Figure 1 provided with a suitable multiple. electric switch by means of which each individual conductor from the bundle 3 may be interchanged with The the corresponding conductor of the bundle 14. For de-coding, it is only necessary to passth'e electric current through the 'ciphering' rolls in the direction opposite to that for 1.
  • a c iphering and deciphering apparatus adapted to change letter, number and punctuation characters into other characters and render them visible at indicating points, comprising iu combination a mechanism for intel-changing the characters, sending .ele-
  • .v -ments constituted by ⁇ keys, indicating points for the ciphered or deciphered characters, conductors connecting said elements, and a device adapted to indicate at the indicating vpoints the end of a lgroup comprising a determined number of ciphered characters.
  • a ciphcringappai'atus comprising in vcombination a mechanism -for interchanging -letter, number and punctuation characters Y, 4int-o other characters, sending elements constituted by keys, indicating elements, ⁇ leadsl j connectingthese elements, a magnet coil inserted in the circuit, a pawl and ratchet mechanism operated by said magnet coil at yevery operation of asending element, a device for altering.
  • a ciphering apparatus comprising in combination a shaft, a number of drums revol-ubly mounted on said shaft, contacts on both ends of each drum the opposite convtacts of each drum being irregularly con' ⁇ nected with 1 one another, contact drums keyed uponfthe ends of shaft, a contact drum movably but not rotatably mounted on said shaft between one of said stationary drums and the revoluble drums, keys, leads Aconnecting said keys with the several contacts of the movable contact drum, indicating ⁇ elements, leads connecting said indicating elements with the contacts of the one and with those of the other stationary contactdrums, means fo'r shifting the movable contact drum in orderto bring the contacts of the same either in contact vWith the contacts of the l one of the stationary contact drums or with those of the adjacent revoluble contact drum,
  • a cipher-ing: apparatus comprising in 'combination a shaft, a number of drums revolubly mounted on said shaft, cont-acts on both ends of each drum the opposite contacts of ⁇ each drum beingA irregularly connected with one another,lcontact drums keyed upon the ends ofV shaft, a cont-act'drum movablv but not rotatably mountedon said shaft bc'- tween one of said stationary drums-.and the revoluble drums, keys, leads connecting said keys with the several contacts of the movable contact drum, indicatingelements, leads con- .necting said indicating elements'with the contacts of the one and with those ofthe Vother stationary co .tact drums, means for shifting the lmovable ⁇ contact drum in order to bring the contacts of the same either in contact with the contacts ,of the one of the stationary contact drums or with those of.
  • a ratchet device operated 'at the depressionof a sending element
  • a counting mechanism Vcontrolled by said ratchet metal figure disks. of said counting mechanism, insulating- 4segments of said figure disks, brushes sliding on said figure disks, and switches connected with said brushes for adjusting the length of the group of signs ciphered at the indicating points Aindicated by stopping ofthe entireY ciphering apparatus, and means for throwingsaid cip lering apparatus into work after the automat-ie stopping of thesame.
  • a ciphering apparatus comprising in combination a shaft, a number ofvdrums revolubly mounted on said shaft, contact s on both ends of 'each drum .the opposite contacts of'each drum being irregularlyconnected with one another. contact drums keyed upon the ends of shaft, a contact drum movably-but not rotatably mounted on said shaft.
  • a ciphering -apparatus comprising in combination 'a shaft, a. number of drums revolubly mounted on said shaft, contactsl on both ends of each drum the opposite contacts of-each drum ⁇ being irregularly connected with one another, contact drums keyedupon the ends of shaft, a contact drum movably but not rotatably mounted on said shaft between one of said stationary drums and the revoluble drums, keys, leads connecting said keys with the several contacts of the movable contact drum, indicating elements, leads concontacts of the one and with those of the other stationarycontact drums, means for shifting the movable contact drum in order, ⁇
  • a ciphering apparatus comprising in combination a shaft, a number of drums revolublymounted on said shaft, contacts on both ends of each drum the opposite contacts of each drum being irregularly conith the contacts ofthe one and with theidtlir st nary;V contact drums,
  • indicating elements with the nected with one another, contact drums keyed upon the ends of shaft, a contact drum movably but not rotatably mounted on said shaft between one of said stationary drums and the revoluble drums, keys, leads connecting said keys with the several contacts of the movable contact drum, indicating elements, leads connecting said indicating ⁇ elements with thc contacts of the one and with those of the other stationary contact drums, means for shifting the movable contact drum in order to bring the' contacts of the same either in contact with the lcon'- tacts of the one of the stationary Contact drums or with those of the adjacentV revoluble contact drum, means for rotating said revoluble contact drums intermittently, a
  • ratchet device operated at the depression of a sending element, a counting mechanism ⁇ controlled by said ratchet, metal figure disks of said counting mechanism, insulating segthe group of signs ciphered atthe indicating points indicated .by stopping of the entire v ciphering apparatus, a switch for short-circuiting the main circuit interrupted by the counting mechanism, and means for shifting the movable drum between the one of the stationary contact drums and the 'revoluble contact drums of the interchanging device in order to distinguishhe several groups by clear text inserted inthe ciphered text.
  • a ciphering apparatus comprising in combination a shaft, a number of drums -revolubly mounted on said shaft, vcontacts on both ends of each drum the opposite contacts of each drum being irregularly co1i' nected .with one another, contact drums loo keyed upon the ends of shaft, a contact, drum movably but not rotatably mounted 'on said shaft between one of said stationary drums and the revoluble drums, keys, ⁇ leads connecting said keys with the several contacts of the movable contact drum, indicating elements, leads connecting said indicating elements with the contacts ofthe one and with thoseof the other stationary contact drums, means for shifting the movable contact drum in order to bring the contacts of the same either in contact with the contacts of the one of the stationary contact drums or with those of the adjacent revoluble contact drum, means for rotating said revoluble contact drums intermittently, a ratchet device operated at the depression of a sending element, a counting mechanism controlled by said ratchet, metal figure disk

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Accessory Devices And Overall Control Thereof (AREA)
  • Pinball Game Machines (AREA)
US617352A 1922-02-11 1923-02-06 Ciphering machine Expired - Lifetime US1657411A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE193035X 1922-02-11

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US1657411A true US1657411A (en) 1928-01-24

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US (1) US1657411A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR561910A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB193035A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2877565A (en) * 1944-08-11 1959-03-17 William F Friedman Electrical cryptograph
US4155659A (en) * 1940-02-05 1979-05-22 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Printing and coding machine
EP0667691A3 (en) * 1994-02-14 1997-02-05 Elementrix Technologies Ltd Method and system for secure communication.
US6055635A (en) * 1994-09-14 2000-04-25 Karlsson; Leif Method and device for facilitating access to a multitude of alphanumeric sequences
US20020124178A1 (en) * 1998-01-02 2002-09-05 Kocher Paul C. Differential power analysis method and apparatus
US6519699B2 (en) * 1998-08-07 2003-02-11 International Business Machines Corporation Method and system for voice guided secure entry of private data in a public setting
US6868499B1 (en) * 2000-06-08 2005-03-15 Sun Microsystems, Inc. Method and apparatus for password re-entry
US20060045264A1 (en) * 1998-06-03 2006-03-02 Kocher Paul C Prevention of side channel attacks against block cipher implementations and other cryptographic systems
US20080049940A1 (en) * 1998-07-02 2008-02-28 Kocher Paul C Payment smart cards with hierarchical session key derivation providing security against differential power analysis and other attacks
US20080104400A1 (en) * 1998-01-02 2008-05-01 Kocher Paul C Leak-resistant cryptographic payment smartcard
US8488779B2 (en) 2011-07-25 2013-07-16 Grey Heron Technologies, Llc Method and system for conducting high speed, symmetric stream cipher encryption
US11347706B2 (en) 2015-12-31 2022-05-31 Scott W. McLellan Rotor movement control and rotor wiring for rotor-based encryption machines and electronic equivalents

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2439497A (en) * 1945-05-12 1948-04-13 Ibm Carriage spacing means for signalcontrolled printing apparatus

Cited By (29)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4155659A (en) * 1940-02-05 1979-05-22 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Printing and coding machine
US2877565A (en) * 1944-08-11 1959-03-17 William F Friedman Electrical cryptograph
EP0667691A3 (en) * 1994-02-14 1997-02-05 Elementrix Technologies Ltd Method and system for secure communication.
US5703948A (en) * 1994-02-14 1997-12-30 Elementrix Technologies Ltd. Protected communication method and system
US6055635A (en) * 1994-09-14 2000-04-25 Karlsson; Leif Method and device for facilitating access to a multitude of alphanumeric sequences
US20020124178A1 (en) * 1998-01-02 2002-09-05 Kocher Paul C. Differential power analysis method and apparatus
US20080104400A1 (en) * 1998-01-02 2008-05-01 Kocher Paul C Leak-resistant cryptographic payment smartcard
US8879724B2 (en) 1998-01-02 2014-11-04 Rambus Inc. Differential power analysis—resistant cryptographic processing
US20100091982A1 (en) * 1998-01-02 2010-04-15 Kocher Paul C Differential power analysis - resistant cryptographic processing
US20080022146A1 (en) * 1998-01-02 2008-01-24 Kocher Paul C Differential power analysis
US7792287B2 (en) 1998-01-02 2010-09-07 Cryptography Research, Inc. Leak-resistant cryptographic payment smartcard
US20080059826A1 (en) * 1998-01-02 2008-03-06 Kocher Paul C Differential power analysis
US9419790B2 (en) 1998-01-02 2016-08-16 Cryptography Research, Inc. Differential power analysis—resistant cryptographic processing
US7506165B2 (en) 1998-01-02 2009-03-17 Cryptography Research, Inc. Leak-resistant cryptographic payment smartcard
US7587044B2 (en) 1998-01-02 2009-09-08 Cryptography Research, Inc. Differential power analysis method and apparatus
US7599488B2 (en) 1998-01-02 2009-10-06 Cryptography Research, Inc. Differential power analysis
US7634083B2 (en) 1998-01-02 2009-12-15 Cryptography Research, Inc. Differential power analysis
US7668310B2 (en) 1998-06-03 2010-02-23 Cryptography Research, Inc. Cryptographic computation using masking to prevent differential power analysis and other attacks
US20060045264A1 (en) * 1998-06-03 2006-03-02 Kocher Paul C Prevention of side channel attacks against block cipher implementations and other cryptographic systems
US7787620B2 (en) 1998-06-03 2010-08-31 Cryptography Research, Inc. Prevention of side channel attacks against block cipher implementations and other cryptographic systems
US7941666B2 (en) 1998-07-02 2011-05-10 Cryptography Research, Inc. Payment smart cards with hierarchical session key derivation providing security against differential power analysis and other attacks
US20080049940A1 (en) * 1998-07-02 2008-02-28 Kocher Paul C Payment smart cards with hierarchical session key derivation providing security against differential power analysis and other attacks
US9852572B2 (en) 1998-07-02 2017-12-26 Cryptography Research, Inc. Cryptographic token with leak-resistant key derivation
US9940772B2 (en) 1998-07-02 2018-04-10 Cryptography Research, Inc. Payment smart cards with hierarchical session key derivation providing security against differential power analysis and other attacks
US6519699B2 (en) * 1998-08-07 2003-02-11 International Business Machines Corporation Method and system for voice guided secure entry of private data in a public setting
US6868499B1 (en) * 2000-06-08 2005-03-15 Sun Microsystems, Inc. Method and apparatus for password re-entry
US8488779B2 (en) 2011-07-25 2013-07-16 Grey Heron Technologies, Llc Method and system for conducting high speed, symmetric stream cipher encryption
US9270462B2 (en) 2011-07-25 2016-02-23 Grey Heron Technologies, Llc Method and system for conducting high speed, symmetric stream cipher encryption
US11347706B2 (en) 2015-12-31 2022-05-31 Scott W. McLellan Rotor movement control and rotor wiring for rotor-based encryption machines and electronic equivalents

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB193035A (en) 1924-07-03
FR561910A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1923-10-30

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