US1653201A - Preparatory treatment of cottonseed and product thereof - Google Patents

Description

framed Dec. '20, 1927.

UNITED STATES 1,653,201 PATENT oF -"icE.

HERMAN N BOLLMANN, OF HAKBURG, GERMANY, ASSIGNOB, BY nan: A3816]? MEN-TS, T0 MARY FULIORD FOSTER, TRUSTEE, OF WASHINGTON, DISTRICT 0] OO- L'UMBIA.

raaranaroar 'ramrmmr or co'rronsnan AND raonucr manor.

No Drawing. Application Med August 17, 1923, Serial No. 657,976, and in Germany August I, 1.

The present invention relates to an improved pretreatment of cotton seed prior to the rocess of obtaining oil therefrom by ex-. trac ion, and to the solid product of said pre: treatment.

. The working of cotton-seed in order to obtain oil therefrom involves considerable difiiculties which result for the most part from a greenish black (1 e-stufi' or colourin -mat ter which is contained in the. form 0 small dots in the resinous glandules or globules existing within the seed-kernel, The quantity ofthis colouring-matter increases during storage of the seed. Up to the present time, therefore, a really first "grade cottonseed oil, adapted'for food'purposes, has been produced from the seed only in those countries where the seed can be-worked in a fresh state, for example in North America. But when the oil is separated-by pressing after the seed has travelled a long distance or after the seed has stood :1 Ion time Se. g. several months) the oil obtaine can on y be used for technical purposes. Even the ap-.

plication of any of the well known bleaching processes does not succeed in obtaining a bright oil that may be used-in the manu acture of artificial butter (margarine) and fat for food.

Hitherto the obtaining of high grade oil traction of oil by oil solvents. The novel process applies with like good results to fresh as well as tp old seed. The oil obtained corresponds at all times to the best press-oil obtained from fresh seed. The invention embraces also the solid product of,

such pretreatment, as described'herein.

The novel process depends on subjecting the cotton-seed to a preparatory treatment with diluted alcohol (ethyl alcohol in commercial form being suitable) before the real extraction of the 'oil by means. of a'. suitable oil solvent. The alcohol takes up the main quantit of the existing free fatty acid and of t e dye-stuff or colouringmatter-{but only small quantities of the neutral oil gylceride. This solution is then separated from the seed. The oil obtained by subseguent extraction by a fat-solvent, has a 11 ht-brown coloration, similar to that of t epress-oil. The small quantity of free'fatty acid still existing in the 011 uantit of bleachin earth e. -fullers earth y g g The novel processafiords the further ad- I vantage that the poisonous matters which otherwise remain in the press-cakes, are likewise removed, the said poisonous matters resuitingv probably from the colouring resins. The precautions which otherwise must be taken in using u cotton-seed meal as fodder for cattle, can t erefore be neglected when using up cotton-seed meal treated as stated above.

For carryin the novel process .into practice the decorticated cotton-seed for. example, is bruised and then treated in the cold '(1. e.

at ordinary atmospheric temperature) with ethyl alcohol of 80 vol. percent. The dark coloured extract, which contains the major part of the free fatty acid and of the resins, as well as immaterial oil, is separated an the bruised seed (greats) freed from alcohol. The said seed is then lixiviated with benzol or benzine or any other suitable fat-solvent. The oil thus obtained contains about one percent free fatt acid. For removin this acid and the sma-l amount of containe dye-stuff, the oil is mixed with a solution of caustic soda. For bleaching the oil a small quantity of bleaching earth, for example one percent of hi h grade fullers earth, will sufiice.

ithout restricting m self to details, I give the followin exagnp e of the process.

Cotton seed resh 'or old), decorticated about 60% to 80% strength (by volume and allowed to stand in contact therewi for say 5-10 hours, while if uantities of neutral and bruised by well known methods, is first treated at room temperature, with say 4 to 6 its own weight of ethyl alcohol of Well known percolation methods could also be used, if desired. .The alcohol of course carrying the dissolved matterv is then drawn off. This step can be repeated if desired,

2. In the pretreatment of solid cotton seed material prior to extracting oil therefrom, the herein described step of leaching the same with ethyl alcohol of about 80% and if the seed is very old it ma be substrength capable of removing the coloring jected to several (say 36) of suc 1 alcohol matter soluble therein. treatments. The seed left may be heated 8. In the process of obtaining oil from somewhat, (in a current of air or neutral cotton seed, the step which comprises first gas or in a. vacuum, if desired) to remove leaching the adhcring alcohol, but this step is to hol of about 80% strength capable of exsome extent. optional. This dilute alcohol tracting the solubleaoloring matter, but not etc from the solution bylieat (i. e. distillation) same with ethyl alcohtfi ethyl alcohol of 'around 80% strength, until treatment removes the coloring materials but the oil.

not any substantial fraction of the oil. The 4. In the pretreatment of solid cotton s ed seed is then treated in the well known manmaterial prior to extracting oil therefrom, nor in the art of extraction, with one or the herein more charges of benzol or benzine used in same with dilute alcohol.

amount suflicientto extract the oil, the ex- 5. In the pretreatment of solid cotton seed tract being of course drawn oil from the materialprior to extracting oil therefrom, treated seed. The solvent can be driven oil the herein described of leaching the in' well known wa :In the leaching of strength. the oil from the see with afat solvent such 6. Tithe pretreatment ofsolidcotton seed as benzol or benzine, the seed can if desired material prior to extracting oil tlierefmm, be placed in a device like a percolator and the herein described step of leaching the the fat solvent can be allowed to Tun same with dilute alcohol and continuing slowly through the chm-goof seed until subwsuch treatmentmntil the maor part at least stantially all of the oil has been extracted. of the coloring matter soluble in such dilute The fat solvent can besupphed to the alcohol has been iemoved from said cotton cotton seed material at atinosp eric tempera-' seed material. ture, or at higher temperatures, The well 7. In the pretreatment of solid cotton seed known systematic extraction process can material prior to extracting oil therefrom, likewise be employed. The cottonseed Inathe herein described step oi leaching the terial can he treated with enough oil solvent same, while in a decorticated state, with to remove allor most all of the oil. In all dilute alcohol. the amount ofoil solvent may be 5 to 10 8. In the pretreatment of solid cottonseed times the weight of the seed. more or less, material prior to extracting oil theiefroni,

The oil can then be purified, de-acidihed th h i d ib d se and bleached by the usual methods well a known in the art of refining cotton seed or other vegetable oils.-

1 claim: 7 Y

1. A process ef" preparing cotton seed meats for the extraction of il whi h 11b seed as me soluble in dilute ethyl alcohol prises subjecting the cotton seed meats t of about 80% strength, hut-still containing the extraction action of somewhat dilute the bulk of its natural oil content.- t In testimony whereof- I alilx my signaare.

same, while in the col with dilute alco- Oll 1101M i 4 9. As anew product, cotton seed meat freed from the major part at least of such the bulk of the coloring matter removed without removing any large fraction of the cotton oil. HERMANN roman.

the meats of cotton seed with alco described. step of leaching the of about of leaching. the

substances normally present in old cotton Y