US1651439A - Antiskid cross chain - Google Patents

Description

' Dec. 6, 1927.

W. J. BOYER ANTISKID CROSS CHAIN Filed July 1, 1927 Patented Dec. 6, 1927.

PATENT OFFICE.

WILLIAM J. BOYER, OF WILMINGTON, DELAWARE.

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Application filed July 1, 1927. Serial No. 202,810.

distribute the wear about different portions of the wear-receiving elements.

It is a further object of the invention to provide a cross chain with wear-receiving studs that are revolubly connected .to the cross chain so as to distribute the wear uniformly over the wear-receiving portion.

It is a further object of the invention to provide a cross chain having wear-receiving elements so formed that the elements will not become smooth surfaced under wear until they are approximately worn out.

Further objects of the invention will appear from the following description when read in connection with the accompanying drawing showing illustrative embodiments of the invention, and wherein Fig. l is a plan view.

Fig. 2 is a side elevation of: a cross chain equipped with devices embodying the inven tion. ,7

Fig. 3 is a section on line 3, 3 of Fig. 1, upon an enlarged scale.

Figs. 4, 6 and 8 are plan views of different forms of heads of wear-receiving elements, and

Figs. 5, 7 and 9 are detail side elevations of the heads of such elements.

Fig. 10 is a detail plan view of a retaining washer.

As shown, the device comprises a cross chain formed of a usual form of twisted links 10, the ends of the cross chain being provided with the usual form of connecting hooks 11. I

The cross chain shown is the usual form of Weed cross chain, and it is obvious that other forms of links could. be utilized. In the use of the usual form of chains, the wear upon the pavement falls directly upon the links of the chains which speedily wear through with a result of breakage of the to applicant, the studs have been placed in the links in such a manner as to be not revoluble, with the result that the studs wear down in a single position, thereby greatly shortening their life, and when the studs have worn smooth parallel-with the pavement their gripping effect has been greatly reduced.

In accordance with the invention as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, wear-receiving studs 12 are inserted through the links, which studs have reduced portions 13, as shown in Fig. 3, for reception of a washer 14, desirably countersunk, as shown at 15, into which the reduced portions 13 are headed, or upset, as shown at 16, Fig. 3. The washers 14- are preferably rounded as shown, whereby to provide relatively smooth surfaces in contact with the tire, to which the cross chains are applied, being held thereon by the usual circumferential connecting chains, not shown, which chains are engaged by the hooks 11.

The necks 17 of the elements 12 are rounded, as shown, and have a diameter such as to provide free revolution of the elements 12 in the links, by virtue of which revolution the wear upon the heads 18 of the elements is distributed.

To increasethe friction between the heads 18 and the pavement, the heads are shown as formed with projecting portions 19 which tend to dig into the pavement.

To preserve a roughened surface of the heads during wearing away of the same, the heads are shown as grooved at 20 in such a manner that when the wear ensues the heads will still present a roughened surface.

Were the heads solid in cross section wear would speedily provide a conical surface thereon, which cone would present a surface parallel with the pavement, with an apex at the center-of the head, thereby greatly reducing their gripping qualities. To avoid this defect, the heads in each of the forms shown are counterbored, as at 21, whereby the gripping qualities thereof will be retained substantially through the life of the element. y

In the form of the invention of Figs. 4 and 5, the counterbore is shown at 22 with grooves 23 radiating therefrom, this form of the head being shown as provided with projecting portions 24, for the purpose above indicated.

In the form of Figs. 6 and 7, the counterbore is shown at 9.5, and the head approaches the form of a star having projecting portions at 26, said projections separated by grooves 27.

In the form of Figs. 8 and 9, the head approaches a triangle having projections 28, and a counterbore 29.

In addition to the freedom for motion of revolution of the studs in the links it will be seen that they are free to tilt to some extent, thereby greatly increasing their resistance to either skidding, or slipping of the wheel upon which the chains may be mounted. "When the studs are applied to twisted links as shown the tilting will bring the axis of the studs into a diagonal position out of both the plane of the wheel and the vertical plane of the axis of the wheel to a better position for resistance than either of these planes since in this diagonal position referred to the resistance will be both against skidding and slipping at the same time.

The studs may be readily applied to existing chains and since the application thereof is simple it may be carried out either by the retail dealer or the user. Preferably the wear heads at least of the studs will be case hardened, and the necks and washers may be also hardened if desired.

When a chain equipped with the elements shown has been used until the elements are substantially worn out, if they have not been worn to such an extent as to remove themselves from the chain, the user can apply a punch to the reduced portion 13 and drive the same out of the washer, and can readily supply new. elements to the chain, thereby preserving the life of the chain indefinitely. Desirably the countersunk portion 15 of the washer is provided with grooves 30 into which the metal of the reduced portion 13 may be forced to prevent revolution of the washer upon the reduced portion.

Minor changes may be made in the physical embodiment of the invention without departing from the spirit thereof within the'scope of the appended claims.

I claim- 1. A cross chain comprising, in combination, an open link, a wear-receiving element mamas having a reduced neck revolubly mounted in the opening of the link.

2. A cross chain comprising, in combina tion, a plurality of open links, wear receiving studs, having enlarged heads and a reduced neck revolubly mounted in certain of said links.

3. A cross chain comprising, in combination, a plurality of open links, wear-receiving elements each comprising a head having radial grooves and a. neck portion, the neck portion of each of said wear elements revolubly mounted in the opening of one of said links, and a washer rigidly secured to said neck to retain the element in position.

4. A cross chain comprising, in combination, a plurality of open links, wear-receiving elements each comprising a reduced neck revolubly mounted in the opening of one of said links, an enlarged head formed with radial grooves, and a non-cylindrical circumference, and a rounded washer rigidly secured to said neck on the opposite side of the link from said head for retaining the element in position.

5. A cross chain comprising, in combination, a plurality of wear-receivng elements each formed with an enlarged wear-rcceiw ing head, a reduced neck revolubly mounted in the opening of one of said links, a rounded tire engaging Washer for retaining the element in position in the link, said head formed Wth a central counterbore, radial grooves extending from said counterbore to the circumference ofthe head, said circumference being formed with projecting portions to increase friction with the pavement.

6. A cross chain comprising, in combination, a plurality of wear-receiving elements each formed with an enlarged wear-receiving head, a reduced neck revolubly and tiltably mounted in the opening of one of said links, a rounded tire engaging washer for retaining the element in position in the link, said headformed with a central counterbore, radial grooves extending from said counterbore to the circumference of the head, said circumference being formed with projecting portions to increase friction with the pavement.

WILLIAM J. BOYER.

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