US1647315A - Heater - Google Patents

Description

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G. SCHERER Filed March 9, 192.

#Mf/ r f l ,VP/rr /f/ rr Patented Nov. l, i927.

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HEATER.

Application led March 9, 1925. Serial No. 14,071.

-rosive effect of gases customarily furnished at the present day; another object of the in-v vention is the provision of a gas heater so designed that the gas may be turned extremely low without the use 'of a pilot light or 'extremely vhigh 'without injury to the parts, loss of heat economy or the produc tion of disagreeable odors; the provision of a new and improved construction' and arrangementIl of parts aii'ording maximum economy infloperation combined with facility -in manufacture, especiallywhen the parts are made of'cast metal; while further objects and advantages of the`invention will become apparent as the description proceeds.- n

In the drawings accompanying and forming a part of this application have shown one physical form in which my mventlon can be embodied although it will he understood that these drawings are intended merely to illustrate the general principles of my 1nventive idea and not to restrict the embodiment thereof.' Fig. 1 is `a front elevation of a heater embodying iny improvements; Fig; 2 is a .central vertical section correspending to the line 22of Fig. 1; Flg. 3

vis a central vertical section corresponding to the line 3-3 of Fig. 2; Fig. is a top plan View; Fig. 5 is' a sectional v1ew of the gas burner; Fig.- 6 is a cross sectional view of a modified ormof internal radiator; Fig. 7 is a sectional view of an air heating furnace illustrating three of my improved radiators located inside a single casing; Fig. 8 illustrates another modification wherein the mixing tube is connected to the voutlet flue.; Fig. .9 is a partially internal view of one of my improved stoves with part of the radiator broken away illustrating a modified lform -of connection between the mixing tube'and radiator interior; Fig. 10 illustrates another modification wherein the essential parts, of Fig. 9 are cast together;

and Fig. 11 is a sectional view corresponding tothe line 11-11 of Fig. 10.

For purposes of this description I have chosen a type of heater sometimes known as and ease of manu-,

and ara garage heater and employed primarily for heating garages, factories,. assembly rooms,

oiices, and such places, and comprising anV lnternal radiating member in which the combustion takes place and an external casing surrounding the same and spaced therefrom so as to define an air Hue. In its preferred form this combustion chamber comprises a pair of mating cast-iron membersv having iiat side walls 1-1 formed at opposite sides with parallel anges 2,3 and on .the remaining sides with other ianges 4, 5 respectively.

The part having the flanges 4 will hereafter' be termedthe bottom, that having the flanges '5 the top.; and that having the flanges 2 the' front of the member.

Projecting forwardly from each of the flanges 2 is a hollow extension 6 adapted to join the'similar extension of the mating part to,produce a kind of vestibule, the end of which is formed with an out-turned lip 7. The anges 5-5 are formed each with. a semi-cylindrical, upwardly-extending hollow projection 8 which cooperates with a similar mating projection to form a boss for the attachment of a stove pipe 9. The anges 2, 3, 5, and the meeting walls of the extension 6 are provided, one with an offsetl peripheral lip 10 defining a rabbet which receives the other, thereby holding theV parts tightly together and preventing leakage or shifting. The flanges 4-4 are narrower than the remaining flanges so as to define bei tween them a slot 12vwhich, in the lpresent instance, extends the entire length of the cas'- ing lfrom front to rear for the purpose of permitting entrance of part of the air necessary for combustion purposes; and in addition the an es 4, 4 are formed at one point with reglsteringnotches 13 adapted for the reception of the burnerhereafter described. Y

Interiorly this radiating member is also formed with webs or baiiie walls so arranged as to produce a circuitous flow of the com'- bustion products, and while many diierent arrangements are ossible, avery satisfactory one has been t at shown in Figs. 2 and 3. :Projecting inwardly from oppositewalls 1,1 are thin ribs'15, 15 spaced suiciently from the iianges 4, 4 to define a combustion chamber 16 and preferably terminating sufficiently short of each other to define an outlet passa e 17 running from end to end -of the chamer'.' Projecting inwardly from the side walls 1, 1 above the ribs 15 are webs 18, 18 which preferably joinv the Hanges 2l, 3 at their ends' 4and meet each other they middle, but. are spaced apart longitudinally near the center of the chamber to define an outlet passage 19. Above these webs l have shown other webs 20, 20 extending inwardly from the side walls until they meet the companion webs but spaced from each of the flanges 2, 3 so as to define outlet passage.- ways 21, 21 adjacent thereto; and for the purposel of trapping a certain amount of the rising gases ll have shown the ends of this web as formed with depending branches 22-22. Additional webs and bames can be employed in case the height of themember permits, although for a small stove the arrangement herein shown has 'proven very satisfactory. The halves vof the member 1 are secured together by suitable bolts 24e-24.

Surrounding the member 1 is a rectangular casing having sides 25-25 and ends 26e-27 all formed preferably of sheet metal and spaced sufficiently from the radiating member to adord a passageway for the requislte quantity of air. l have shown this casing as supported by angleiron' legs 28--28 at the corners and covered by a grating 29 1n which is formed a circular opening 30're` ceiving the stove pipe. 'llheloweredge `of this casing preferably terminates asubstantial distance above the floor as shown at 31 although it also preferably depends a considerable distance below the anges 4-#4 as' shown in Fig. 3. A sheet Ametal shelf 32 "preferably connects the legs beneath the bottom of this casing so as toreflect the heat which ,might otherwise fall upon the door with dangerous eifect. Brackets 33 support the' radiator in the casing.

'llhe lips 7-7 are'bolted through the casing wall 26 to a rectangular front plate 35 which is formed with a working door 36 registering with the vestibule and also with a register plate 37 located beneath the level of the anges 4-4. llhis register plate is preferably circular and communicates with the bell mouth 38 of a mixing tube 39 whoseA rear end is turned upwardly as at 40 for attachment tothe depending neck 41 of the burner 42, saidn neck extending through the notches 13-13. rlhis burner referably comprises a rectangular, elongated? cast-iron box having its top closed by a removable cast-iron lid 43, the side walls being' formed immediately adjacent this lid with shallow cast recesses 44 facing the side walls 1-1 let provided into the bell through the face of lonand between the anges 4 and the burner is secured in place by bolts 46 and cross niet n 196479 5 pieces 47. The gas pipe 48 enters the front of the stove and is provided with a conh'olling valve 50 at the most convenient location.

It is not necessary to make the radiating member in two parts as shown in Figs. 1 to 4, since the same canequally well'be made by casting in a single piece as illust-rated in Fig, 6, the cavities being' formed by coring as well known in the casting art. Likewise it is not necessary to employ a single combustionchamber or radiator for each casing as it is equally practicable to employ plural units in a single casing as shown in Fig. 7, the rectangular shapenf the parts facilitating this arrangement. IThe flat rectangular shape of the radiating units also exhibits further advantages of'increased ratiovof superficial area to cubical contents which facilitates the extraction of the heat from the combustion products;- although experience proves that such rectangular shape can be successfully made only in cast ferrous metal since the Y irregular expansion and contraction produced by this shape rapidly disintegrates any sheet metal member. llt is also important that the gas burner have jets which' impinge directly onthe larger Walls of the radiating members.

In Fig. 7 ll have illustrated 'the further modification of providing the top of the casing 25 with a domed cover 51 instead of the grid 29 and securing thereto a plurality of hot-air lpipes 52 by which the heat can be conveyed to distant points. ll 'do not restrict this modification to use witha casing having plural radiators, although'in most cases such an arrangement is best suited thereto. Y

ln Fig. 8 l have illustrated a further arrangement -of parts whereby heat is conserved and the operation of the heater improved. 'llheflue 9a from the radiator 1 is formed with a side branch 55 to which is connected a pipe 56 leading to a circular box `57 which tightly covers' the inlet mouth of the mixing tube 39. lThe vestibule 6, is

closed by a tightly fittingl door 36 and the bottom of the radiator 1 may either be formed with the slot 12l shown in Figs. 3 and 6, or this slot may be entirely closed.

, Another mode of securing the'same advantageous results is shown 1n Fig. 9 wherein the vestibule '6 is connected to the bell 38 of the mixing tube 39 by means of a short pipe-'60. In vthis case no side branch is required from the Hue 9, neither isv any air in- In Figs. 10 and 11'I have shown yet anonly of fuel and its complete freedom lfrom gas fumes or lire danger. In this embodlment a radiator member 1b is made of a single casting suitably cored out and having burner and' the ignition of the fuel, but this door is made tight and in use is kept closed. The burner may be introduced in any-suit able or desired manner. I have shown the mixing tube as terminating in an upwardly facing mouth 40a surrounded by a ared seat 62 receiving the similarly tapered spud 63 with which the bottom of the burner 45 isl formed, suitable screws 64 being employed to secure said burner in place.

In all these last named arrangements, thel mixing tube is vconnected with a portion of the interior of the system above the burner so that preheated gaseous products are returned thereto instead of fresh air. I offer no explanation as to why or 110W combustion occurs under such conditions but mere- L ly state it to be the uniform result of many trials that an arrangement of the type shown for example in Fig. 8 will afford a perfect combustion witha clear, smokeless, quiet, uniform flame when the pipe 48 is connected to the natural gas mains in the city of Cleveland, Ohio, all other openings in the radiator, mixing-tube, and piping being tightly sealed and cemented, provided only that a good draught be exhibited by the-flue 9a. The flame producedunder these conditions is better, quieter, and more even than is produced with an open slot at the bottom of the radiator or with an air inlet into the bell 38, added to which the gas consumption is reduced approximately twenty-iive percent for a given production of heat, and all possible danger vof fire or fumes is eliminated. Furthermore the gas can be turned extremely low without danger of snapping back o r becoming blown out by changes of wind pressure. V It is, within my invention, however, to supply by way of the pipe 48, instead of pure gas, a combustible mixture of gas and air.

Owing to the narrowness of the slots 44 and the massive l'character of the lid and burner walls the danger Yof snapping b ack is a minimum and in addition, owing to the very thin llame which issues therefrom, it is possible to add lessk air in the mixer than customary,without entailing a deposition f lamp black on the radiator walls, since the large flat surface'exposed permits Asurface combustion.' This is also facilitated'by the "fact that the gas flame issues horizontally and is deiiccted upwardly by the draught. These conditions unite in decreasing the danger of burner explosions or snapping back even when the gas isv turned extremely low and also in the projection of large fiame of comparatively low intensity which is widely distributed over the radiatingsurface. Accordingly it becomes possible for the cast-iron walls to convey the heat away without becoming buckled or' injured despite their comparatively small degree of conductivity, and this samelow `conductivity also prevents the occurrence of hot spotszon the exterior of the'radiator member which shall tend to burn the dust particles iioating in' the air and thus create an unpleasant odor in the apartment. The use of a considerable number of bailie plates serves to restrain the outflow of the gases until their heat units have largely been extracted despite the low conductivity of cast-iron While the-employment of cast-iron as a construction material prevents corrosion by the combustion proucts of the gas which is found to be extremely injurious to sheet metal. I do not limit myself to the use of plane' sides or square corners as-the radiating member can be bulged or pot-bellied or other than rectangular.

As a resultof all these considerations the radiating member presents a very large surface which is heated at all `points although nowhere to a particularly highl temperature, with the result that the air is warmed uniformly and rapidly without odor and 'with maximum economyl of fuel. It is also a feature of my' invention that the particular radiating member herein described can be molded and cast with especial ease, and does not warp or crack on cooling or in use. It will be understood, however, that many changes in detail can be made without departing from my inventive idea and that'I do not limit myself except as specifically defined in my several claims.

Having thus described my invention what Il claim-isz 1. In a gas heater the combination with a rectangular sheet metal casing having upright walls, of a gas-tight rectangular cast iron 'radiating member supported therein and spaced from said walls to form air circulation passageways, said radiating member comprising mating members having periphculation passageways, sald radiating member comprising mating members having peripheral flanges which lmeet at their margins,

and also having internal webs forming bathe plates, the distance between the side walls of said member being small as compared with the distance between opposed flanges, the webs nearest the bottom of said member definin a combustion chamber and terminating s iort of each other to define a long narrow slot which extends longitudinally of said chamber and other webs projecting substantially into contact with mating webs but extending less than the width of said member, and a gas burner in said combustion chamber having burners which face the lateral walls thereof.

3. In a gas heater, the combination with a casing defining an air flue of a radiating member of cast iron in said casing consisting of mating imperforate hollow halves, and a gas burner inside said membercomprising a hollow cast-iron box having its walls spaced from the walls of said radiating member and formed adjacent their upper edges with shallow horizontal notches, said box having a cover which converts said notches into slots which face the walls of said radiating member.

fl. A radiating member for gas heaters, made of hollow cast metal having a pair of oppositely facing faces of comparatively great area connected by narrower faces, one of said narrower faces having a closable opening therein and another of said narrower faces having a stove-pipe connection.

5. .el radiating member for gas heaters, made of cast metal having a pair of oppositely facing radiating faces of comparatively great area connected by narrower faces, one of said faces having a closable opening therein and another of said faces having a stove-pipe connection, and a burner inside said member having jets which impinge on said first faces.

6. A radiating member for gas heaters made of cast metal approximately lenticular in shape, having a pair o f opposed faces of imperforate radiating asevera 4 approximately equal dimensions in diderent directions, connected by narrower faces, one of said narrower faces having a closable opening therein and another 4of said narrower faces having a stove-pipe connection, said member having a combustionchamber at a point removed from said stove-pipe connection, and bame plates between said chamber and connection..

7. lin a gas heater, the combination with a rectangular casing of a plurality of cast -metal rectangular radiating members located therein and spaced from said casing and from each other, each of said members having a combustion chamber therein and a Hue connection leading therefrom, and an independent gas burnerin each chamber.

8. In a gas heater, the combination with a 4dat sided casing of a plurality of hollow cast meta-1 radiating members located therein and spaced from said casing and from each other, each-of said members havinga'pair of cpposed larger faces connected by narrower faces, one of said narrower faces having a flue connection and an, adjacent face having a lighting door, and an independent gas burner in each of said members.

9. A radiating member for gas heaters made of cast metal having a pair` of opposed larger faces connected by narrower faces, one of saidl last named faces having an inlet slot, the opposite face having an outlet-flue connection, and an intermediate face having a lighting opening, and means for securing a gas burner 'inside said member adjacent to said slot.

10. A radiating member for gas heaters made of cast metal having a pair of plane parallel faces 'connected'by narrower faces, one of said last named faces having an inlet slot, the opposite face having an outlet-fine connection, and an intermediate face having an integral .hollow vestibule projecting therefrom, and a gas burner located inside said member adjacent to said slot, said burner having narrow slots which face said plane faces.

11. In a gas heater, the combination with an upright casing of a hollow radiating member ,of cast metal supported inside said casing and having an oblong cross section in all directions, a burner in said member having jets arranged to play upon the inner surfaces of the larger faces thereof, and a flue connected to said member.

In testimony whereof, ll hereunto ax my signature.

' WALTER Gr. SCHERER.

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