US1646407A - jones - Google Patents

Description

25 1927. Oct R. M K. JONES TYPEWRITING MACHINE Filed March 12, 1924 2 Sheets-Sheet A INVENTOR ATTORNEY Oct. 25, 1927. 1,646,407

R. MCK. JONES TYPEWRITING MAC HINE Filed March 12, 1924 2 Sheets-$heet 2 4 a )1 7$ a h! 71 I ATTORNEY Patented Oct. 25, 1927.

it UNITED STATES ATENT OFFICE. g

ROBERT MOKEAN J 'ONES, OF STONY POINT, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR- '10 REMINGTON TYPEWBITER COMPANY OF ILION, NEW YORK, A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

TYPEWRITING ivmonrnn- Application fi led March 12, 1924. Serial No. 598,628.

My invention relates to 'typewriting' machines, and has for its object to provide a typewriting machine which is especially adapted for writingthe Chinese language according to the new phonetic system recent- 1y adopted in China.

To the above and other ends Which will hereinafter appear, my invention consists in the features of construction, combinations of devices, and arrangements of parts herein a'l'ter described and particularly pointedout in the claims.

In the accompanying drawings which illustrate the preferred form of my invention,

Figure 1 is a fragmentary perspective view of a Remington typewriting machine embodying said invention, the view. showing the keyboard and type bar system of the machine.

Figure 2 is a 'Eront-to-rear vertical sectional view illustrating one'of the type bar actions of the machine, H

Figure 3 is a plan view of the keyboard diagrammatically illustrated, this view also corresponding with the type blocks.

Referring generally to my invention, the

7 Chinese Government has officially adopted and is promulgating a new phonetic alphabet known as the Chu Yin Tzu-mu, or in English, national phonetic alphabet. A for mal edict commanding its use by Government ofiicials and requiring the teaching of the system in schools has been published.

The purpose of this system which was de vised by a council of learned men from all sections of the country is to simplify the ancient complicated system of ideographie characters and promote literacy amongthe people generally. The new alphabet con sists of forty simple forms which have been assigned to represent the elementary sounds as analyzed and settled by the council.

Through combinations, means are provided for representing all the known sounds of the language with the assistance of certain signs marking the various tones. It is the prin cipal purpose of my invention to adapt the forms chosen for the new alphabet for use in a typewriting machine. In carrying out this purpose, I have devised a keyboardar,- mngcinent and connected set of types that comprise, first, all of the forty phonetic sym bols separately; second, compound characters to the number of twenty-one, combining nu:- dials and finals in one character; third, Chinese numerals to the number of fifteen; fourth, tone marks on two deadkeys; fifth, one character indicating the cipher and also used fora punctuation sign; sixth, a sign for indicating emphasis; and seventh, the

opening and closing parenthesis signs making a'total of eighty'four characters adapted to the usual standard single shift machine.

The arrangement or layout of the keychanical constructionspermit, to the principle of bringing the most ifrequently used characters beneath the most agile and supple fingers of the hands and also in a manner calculated to promote most rapid operation and to be readily memorized. As the most rapid and easily accomplished operation of the keys of a standard modern typewriter, such as the Remington, is downward from the iipper banks to or towards the lowest bank of keys, I have so arranged my key board that the'initial characters are carried in the upperpart of the keyboard. Those that are used most frequently are placed in the lower-case central positions on the second and third banks of keys, and the less .frequently used onesupon thetop bank. The characters representing the finals, and also themost commonly used compound charac ter's with which the great majority of all the phonetic expressions terminate, are, onthe other hand, placed in the lowest bank of keys, so that the almost invariable action of the typists fingerswill be a rapid sweeping motion of one or both hands from the upper rows'or banks to lower ones. The lower part of the keyboard is also arranged so that the central lower-case. positions are retained for the" characters most frequently used. The

results achieved by this scientific arrange} ment may be graphically illustrated by straightv lines terminating in arrow heads connecting the symbols on the keyboard diagram. If, however, these lines were applied to Figure 3 herein, the clearness would be lessened and therefore it has seemed advisable to omit them.

' 7 Referring now specifically to the drawing, the main frame of the Remington typewriting machine illustrated in Flgure 1 herein, comprises a base 1, posts 2, and a top plate 3 at the forward side of which is disposed a frame plate 4. The type bar supporter segment 5 of the machine (Flg. 2)

has mounted on it a pivot wire 6 which provides a pivot for a set or series of type bars 7 ea'ch carrying a type'block 8 having two types. The type bars are disposed in a circular series below the platen (not shown) and normally rest at'their ty e ends on a support or rest 9, being adapte to be swung upward and rearward in co-opera'tlve contact with the platen. The type bars are guided in their swinging movements in radi ally arranged slots 10 cut in the lower portion of the segment 5. The heel portion of each ingforward, terminating in a stem 19 which is provided with .a key cap or button- 20. There .are four rows of caps or keys 20 consti't-uting the keyboard, the stems 19 being of graduated heights so that the rows are inbanks or steps as is well understood, the highest'bank, at the rear. The keyboard is contained within the forward portion of the base frame l'which is" made rectangular in shape for the purpose. When any one of the keys 20 is depressed, it will, through the described train of connections comprising the keyl'ever 17 the connected bell crank 13 nd the actuating pin 12, swing the typebar 7 on its pivot 6 and cause one or the other of theitypes at its free end to co-act with the platen; Normally the platen is'in what is termed lower case position, and the lower case types of the type bars willprint through the usual ribbon (not shown). When the platen, is shifted and maintained in shifted positioman actuation of one of the type bars will cause its upper case type to print. The lower case types are the inner types on the 1 blocks or those-closer to the pivot wire 6, the

upper case types being the outer types. or purposes of complete illustration, 1 have shown in Figure lthe full keyboard of the machine as represented by the key is depressed.

the key caps; These characters, it will be understood, correspond throughout with the H full set of characters shown in Figure 3,

wherein the diagram of-eaeh key is desig nated as 21 and comprises one of the double squares of which the diagram as a whole is composed. Figure 1 further illustrates the full set of type bars of the machine with their type blocks, the keys 20 being shownas connected with their associate type blocks by'dotted lines d. These lines d may be. as-

sumed as representing diagrammatically the actual plvotal connections or trains of de vices. between the keys and the type bars,

one of such trains being'shown'inFigure 2. Referring now to the keyboard in detail, since it is not convenient to reproduce the Chinese characters on the typed or printed page, I have accordingly identified the different characters by number. i The numbers in the double squares 21 in the Fig. 3 dia-v gram correspond with the characters represented on these squares. Thus the square designated as 22 represents the upper case character of the left-hand key of the top row of keys and also the corresponding upper case type which prints when the shift key The aforesaid square desig nated as 22 represents the Chinese numeral representing ten (10). Similarly the squares designated as 23, 24, 25, 26,. 27 and 28 res ectively represent the following or succeec mg upper case characters from left to right Which correspond with the Chinese numerals representing nine, eight, seven, siX, five and four. r

The above are allin the plain style comi monly used forliterary and ordinary purrfl poses. no three following upper case characters, designated numerically as 29, 30

and 31, represent respectively the Chinese.

numerals corresponding to three, two and one, in what is called the running hand.

The characters in the lower 021.18 position in the top row of keys, which print when the'shift' key is not used and the platen remains in unshifted position, are as follows, theidentlfvlng numbers corresponding with those applied to the secondrow of squares in Fig. 3 and the phonetic values in all of the following descriptions being expressed accaps or buttons 20, andin a fewfins'tances have shown the characters on the tops of cording to the well-known system of Sir If Thomas lVade 32- designatesthe Chinese cipher which is also used a punctuation sign, indicating the end of a sentence.

33 is the Chinese phonetic character representing the sound of No when standing alone, or the sound of N when combined with other characters. I v

34 is the initial Chinese phonetic representing sound of Fe. i

'35 is the initial Chinese phonetic repre senting Tzfi or Tsii (note: the apostrophe senting Tzu or Tsfi.

87 is the initial Chinese phonetic representing Chih, or Ch in combination.

38 is the initial Chinese phonetic representing P6, or P in combination.

39 is the initial Chinese phonetic representing J ih, or J in combination.

40 is the initial Chinese phonetic representing an initial nasal sound difficult to represent accurately in roman letters, commonly transliterated as Gn or Ng.

41 are double parallel lines ext-ending completely across a letter space, used like the underscore inEnglish to indicate emphasis.

The characters represented in the upper case positions'of the second row from the top, which print when theshi'i't key 1s operated, are as follows? a 42 and'43 are the opening and closing parenthesis signs as used in English.

44 is the Chinese numeral representing one million, as a used in literary and ordinary. work. i z r i r 45 is the Chinese numeral for 100,000.

46 is the Chinesenumeral for 10,000.-

47 is the Chinese numeral for 1,000.

48 is the Chinese numeral for'lOO.

All of the above are in the same style as No. 44. i V

49 is a compound phonetic formed by combining the medial characterfdesignated as 68 and the final character designated, as 84, the two together representing the sound 0 inn;

50 is the compound phonetic-formed by combining 68 and 51, representing .iio final.

51 is, the final phonetic representing the sound r a 52 is a tone mark on a dead key which does not effect a letter space movement of the paper carriage fThis mark can be used to indicate theurising inflection, or tone, by

' which the varied meanings of Chinese sounds:

are indicated. i

The characters in the lower case positions of the second row of keys from the top areas follows a 1 53 is the compound phonetic composed of 79 and 90 representing no or o final.

54 is the initial phonetic giving sound of K, or Konly, in combination.

55. is the initial phonetic for the sound of Ke, or .K only, when combined.

56 is the initial phonetic for the sound of He, or of H when in combination.

57 is the initial phoneticrepresenting the sound. Shih or Sh in combination.

58 is the initial phonetic ,for Chi.

59 is the initial phonetic for ere.

60 is the initialjphonetic for sound of P or 1) when bi d j 1 61 is the initial phonetic for L6 or L in combination.

62 isthe compound. phonetic, character combining medial 79 and final 104, which represents the sound ung.

63 is the tone mark on a dead ke and which can represent an even tone 0 pronunciation. This tone is sometimes understood when a character is not marked, in which case this sign could be used to indicate a fifth tone employed in some Chinese dialects. V

The characters in the upper case position of the third row from the top, which print when the shift key is held down, are as follows:

04-is the compound phonetic character composed of the medial 79 and the final 97 expressing the termination ua.

is the initial phonetic representing V in combination.

66 is the compound phonetic character printing the medial 79 and the final 84, the combination representing the termination sound un.

.67 is the compound phonetic character uniting the medial 81' with the final 96 to express the soundiu.

08 is the medial phonetic character expressing the sound of ii.

69 is the compound phonetic character composed of medial 68 with final 101 and representing the termination iian.

70 is the compound phonetic character formed of medial 81 and final 84 to represent the ending in.

71 is thecompound phonetic made up of medial 81 and final 97 to represent the termination iai 72 is'the initial phonetic expressive of a nasal initial sound difficult to express in roman letters but usually represented as 11g 01,- tang?- 73 isthe compound phonetic combining medial 79 and final 100 which represents the terminal sound uang.

74 is a tone mark on a dead key by which mark the falling tone of Chinese pronunciation. can be indicated.

Y The characters placed in the lower case position of the third row of keys from the top and which print without the use of the shift key, are as follows 7 5 is the phonetic. compound consisting of the medial .81 and the final 98, indicating the sound of iao as an ending.

76 is the initial phonetic expressing the sound of Ssh, or a strong sibilant ss in combination.

77 is the initial phonetic representmg a strongly aspirated Chi, or a sound value of Ch. when used in combination.

78 is the initial phonetic for Chi or the sound or" Ch (not strongly aspirated) when combined with other characters.

= representing the final sound"iieh .79 is the medial phonetic'vowel conveying sound of u 1n combination.

84 is the final. phonetic representing the sound of en at the end of a phonetic combination.

85 is the tone mark upon a dead key which can be usedto indicate that the character is to be pronounced in the abrupt tone.

The characters placed in the upper case position on the bottom row of keys which print when the shift key is depressed, are as follows :-i

, 86 is the-phonetic compound of the medial vowel 68 and the final 93, such compound 87 is the phoneticcompound composed of the medial vowel 79 and the final 101 to in dicate the termination nan.

88 is the phonetic compound combining the medial vowel 81 with the'final 93 to express the sound .ieh as an ending. -89 is. the finalphonetic symbol for sound 92 is the phonetic. compound uniting the medial vowel. sound81 with the final 100 to form the termination iang.

93 isthe final phonetic representing the sound ch as a termination.

9 1 is the phonetic compound combining the medial 79 withthe final 103 to express the terminal sound uai.

95 is the compound uniting the medial 68 with the final 104: to form the endingiiing. The characters occupying the lower case positions on the bottom row of keys which print without the use of a shift key are as follows: I i a 96 is the final phoneticcharacter for the sound'of ou. I

- three sub-classes, initials, medials, and-finals.

. sounds of the language as follows: for ex- 97 is the phonetic forthe sound of a in V I, 1346,40?

'eng or ng .in. combination with the medial vowels.

105 is the phonetic compound combining the medial vowel 79 with the final 91 to represent the termination uei. r a

It may here be noted that the fortysimple forms which have been d-esignedto represent the elementary sounds are divided intof The twenty-four initials are represented on the Figg3'keyboard diagram by the numbers 33 to 40 inclusive; 54 to 61 inclusive; 65, 72, 76, 77, 78, 80, 82 and 83. The three medials are represented by the numbers 68, 79 and 81; and the thirteen finals are repre- V sented by the numbers 51, 84, 89, 90, 91,-93,1 96, 97, 98,100, 101,- 103 and .104. These forty simple forms are used to represent the.

ample, first, by the combination of initial, medial and final forms as 37, 79, and 101 representing Chuan; second, by the com- V bination of initials and medials as 78 and 7 9 representing chu third, by the combination of initials and finals as 60 and 91 representing pei; fourth the combination of medials and finals as 81 and100 represent-v ing yang; and, fifth, occasionally by a single form only as in initial 57 representing I shih, medial81 representing i, and final 89 representing rh. These last single forms,-however, are not very frequent.

As the newsystem embodying the Chinese phonetic alphabet is to be read in true: Chi- 105 nese form, that is, in columns beginning at the right-hand corner of the sheet and proceed-'- ing column by column toward the left, the types of my machinearepreferably placedsidewise upon the type blocks with the tops 1 of the characters toward the left side of I the segmentor machine. Thus positionedit is only necessary after the sheet has been -written-ito turn it quarter-way round in order to read it in the Chinese manner. 1

What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is 1. In a typewriting machine for writing the Chinese language employing-the official phonetic alphabet, a keyboardand'type bar system comprising forty simple phonetic symbols, namely :N,F, Tzu or Tsu, Tzu or Tsu, Chih,Pe, Jih, Gn orrng, E, Ke, Ke, He, Shih, Chi, Te, P',L,V, ti, Ng or Ang,Ssu, 'Chi, Chi,'- u, Hsi,-i, Ts, Me, en,

erh, o, ei, h',ou,' a, a0, ang, an, ai, eng; twenty-one compound characters, jnainely iun, un, no or o, ung, ua, un,1u, nan, 1n, ia, uang, iao iieh, nan, ieh, iang,fl uai, iiing,

1n ien uei" fifteen Chinese numerals "v V g, s 2 v a the Chinese language employing the ofiicial phonetic alphabet, a keyboard so arranged that the important initial characters, namely :-.K, Ke, Gn, Chi, Chi, T, T, Ne, P, Me, Fe, Tzu or Ts'l'l, Tzu or Tsu, Ssu, Chih, Chih, Shih, He, Hsi, Le, Jih; are disposed in the upper part of the keyboard, those that are used frequently, namely :Shih, He, K, Ke, Chi, Te, P,

Le, Chih, Chi, Ssu, Hsi, Te, and Me, being placed iu the central lower case positions on the second and third banks of keys; and

less frequently used initial characters, such as 1%, Fe, Tzfi, Tzfi, Chlh, P, Jih, and

5 G11 upon the top bank.

3. In a typewriting machine for Writing the Chinese language employing the oflicial phonetic alphabet, a keyboard so arranged that the initial characters are disposed in the upper part of the keyboard, those that are used frequently being placed in the lower-case central positions on the second and third banks of keys and less frequently used ones on the top bank, the final characters and the commonly used compound characters being placed in the lowest bank so that the ahnost invariable action of the typists fingers will be rapid sweepingmotions of one or both hands from the upper to the lower keys.

4. In a typewriting machine for writin the Chinese language employing the ofiicia phonetic alphabet, a keyboard so arranged that compound characters combining medials and finals in one printing character are disposed substantially as follows ian, ing, uei, in the lower case position in the bottom bank of keys; ieh, iang, uai, uan, iieh, iing, in the upper case of the bottom bank; iao, in the lower case of the third bank; ia, ion, in, ua, uang, un, iian, in the upper case of the third bank; 1'10 and iing, vin the lower case of the second bank; and iio and iin in the upper case of the second bank.

Signed at the borough of Manhattan, city of New York, in the county of New York, and State of New York this th day of March, A. D. 1924.

ROBERT MoKEAN JONES.

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