US1645304A - X-ray tube - Google Patents
X-ray tube Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US1645304A US1645304A US548636A US54863622A US1645304A US 1645304 A US1645304 A US 1645304A US 548636 A US548636 A US 548636A US 54863622 A US54863622 A US 54863622A US 1645304 A US1645304 A US 1645304A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- electron
- electrons
- tube
- envelope
- path
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H11/00—Magnetic induction accelerators, e.g. betatrons
Definitions
- My invention relates to electron-tube devices and articularly to such devices as A are adapted to generate X-rays.
- An object of my inventlon is to prov de I an electron tube having an electron-emitting element and a co-operating element or target, wherein the electrons, em1tted from said source are caused to attain a velocit greater .than that which is given by the in uence of any electrostatic, potentials impressed upon said elements.
- Another object of my invention 1s to provide an X'-ray tube which is capable of producing useful X-rays with relatlvely low 18 voltages,-in comparison to the voltages heretofore considered necessary.
- a further object of my invention is to provide an X-ray tube which is slmple 1n design and in construction and which has 20 highly desirable operating characteristics.
- Such X-ray tubes comprise an electron-emitting cathode and a target upon which electrons emitted from the cathode are caused to impinge with extremely high velocity.
- the maxi- 3o mum velocity with which the electrons strike the target has heretofore been determined solely by the difierence in potential between the cathode and the target.
- Tubes employing potential differences of 100,000v0lts or more are now in common use, and the tendency of the art is toward a constantly increasing voltage.
- the desired result is obtained by subjecting the electrons to the inductive effects of a varying magnetic field. It is well known that a varying magnetic field has associated therewith an electric field, the
- my invention further consists in the nature, the ment and the constructional details hereinafter more fully-set forth andclaimed.
- Fighre 1 is .a diagrammatic re resentation'of circuits and apparatus em .ody' g my invention, shown partially in section;
- Flg. 2 is a top plan view of the evacuated container of Fig. 1, illustrating the path taken' by the electrons when under the infiuence of an electrostaticforce between the cathode and the target and when under the influence of an additional transverse magnetic field;
- Fig. 3 is a view similar tothat of Fig. 2, showing the efi'ect upon the electron path of a varying magnetic field;
- Fig. 4 is a horizontal sectional view of a structure embodying the preferred formof my device, the section-plane being indicated by the line IV-IV in Fig. 5;
- Fig. 5 is a longitudinal section on the hne V-V of Fig. 4.
- Fig. 1 a. disk-sha e electron tube 1 having opposite parallel aces 2 and 2
- An anode or target 6 is disposed adjacent the outer periphery of the tube 1.
- a conductor 7 serves to connect the ano de 6 and 'the cathode 4 and may include a direct-current source of energy 8, the effect Of"Wl1lCh 1s to draw the electrons from the .surface of the cathode 4, and thereby give the initial electron loop aslarge a radius as possible; The advantage of this condit1on willr'be explained hereinafter.
- a magnetic field which is t-ransverse to the plane of the tube 1, is obtained by dis-- posingthe disk-shaped pole pieces 9 and 11 of a substantiall U-shape magnet 12 adja'ce'nt opposite aces of the tube 1.
- the magnet 12 may be excited by means of a magnetizing winding 13, which is wound around a curved ortion 14 of the magnet 12 and energized om a source 15 of directcurrent energy.
- An input or exciting C011 16 is disposed in the plane of the tube 1 immediately adjacent-the periphery thereof and may be excited from a source 17 o alternating current or condenser discharge.
- the alternating-current exciting winding 16 When the alternating-current exciting winding 16 is energized and a varying electric field is produced which lies substantially in the plane of the. container 1, the kinetic energy or velocity of the electrons is greatly increased foreach complete traversal of its path 6.
- the exciting winding 16 corresponding to the primary winding of the transformer and the path represented by one complete revolution of an electron as a secondary coil.
- the potential of the secondary winding increases with the number of turns and the time rate of change of the flux threading the same.
- the potential energy dr velocity of an electron increases with each complete traversal of its path and also with increases in the diameter of its path.
- the structure there shown comprises a highly evacuated toroidal tube 17 having the electron-emitting element 4 dis osed immediately adjacent the inner perip ery thereof and the target 6 disposed diametrically opposite, and adjacent to, the outer peripherythereof.
- "A lamiriated iron core member 18, similar to that employed in "transformers of the well known shell type, is built around the envelope 17 in such manner that the same is linked by two -magnetic circuits 19 and 21 having a portion 22 in common, as indicated by the arrows of Fig. 5.
- the common portion 22 of the two magnetic circuits 19 and 21 is encircled by a magnetizing winding 23 which may be associated with a source 24 of alternating current or condenser discharge by conductors 25 and 26.
- a series of segmentally-shaped guiding magnets 27 and 28 Mounted above and below the container 17 are a series of segmentally-shaped guiding magnets 27 and 28.
- the several magnets are so disposed upon the opposing faces of the tube 17 as to produce transverse fields near the inner and outer walls of the tube in order to produce a strong crowding action upon the electrons within the same; that is to say, an eflect which tends to deflect the electrons from the inner and outer walls and to maintain them in a circular path which is midway between the inner and the outer 3X 10*D.
- To obtain 7 joining the cathode 4 and the target 6 may or may not include an energy source 8.
- the filamentA is energized, electrons are driven off, some of the same moving toward the left in Fig. 4.
- the electrons are deflected from the inner and outer peripheries of the container by the action of the strong magnetic fields which exist there by reason of the resence of the-magnets 27 and 28.
- e ectrons are caused to revolve around the control magnetizable core in a substantially circular path.
- the effect of the varying flux in the control core is to develop an accelerating potential, by transformer action, causing the electrons to increase in velocity, for reasons hereinbefore mentioned.
- the effect of the increasing centrifugal forces causes them to penetrate farther and farther into the magnetic field adjacent to the outer periphery and, ultimately, to strike the anode 6 and produce X-rays.
- An electron tube having a source of electrons and an electrode, said source and said electrode constituting the limits of the electron path and means for establishing a varying magnetic field across said path of an average intensity sufficient to prevent the electrons traveling the whole length of said path in a single whorl and of a rate of variation sufficient to increase by a substanelectrons to move in nearly closed paths and means for causing the velocities of said elec trons to increase throughout the lengths of said paths.
- An electron tube in combination with means for causing the electrons'to move 1n a fiat spiral path of more than one whorl.
- An electron tube com rising a source of electrons, means for esta lishin ing magnetic field in the vicinity t ereof of sufiicient intensity and suflicient rate of variation to cause said electrons to traverse paths of'increasingly larger diameters embracing a portion of said varylng magnetlc 8.
- An electron-tube device comprising an evacuated toroidal envelope, a source of electron emission disposed adjacent the inner periphery of said envelope, an anode disposed adjacent the outer peri hery of said envelope and means for estab ishing a varying magnetic field so disposed as to link said envelope.
- an electron-tube device comprising an annular-shape envelope, an electron-emitting element disposed adjacent to the inner periphery thereof, a second element disposed adjacent to the outer periphery thereof, means for etablishing forces in said tube tending to constrain electrons to a closed path extending around the annulas within the envelope and means for developing an accelerating force acting upon said electrons moving in said path.
- An X-ray tube having an electronemitting element and a co-operating ele ment, means for producing a field of force between said elements and means acting throughout substantially the Whole travel of the electrons for increasing the kinetic energy of the electrons emitted from said electron-emitting element to values higher than that produced by said field, of force.
- An electron tube comprising an annular shaped envelope having an electronemitting element and a co -Operating element suitably disposed therein and means for establishing a varying magnetic field so disposed as to link said envelope.
- An electron tube comprising an annular-shape envelope having an electron-emitting element and a co-operating anode suitably disposed therein, means establishing forces in said tube tending to drive electrons circumferentially around said tubes and means for establishing strong magnetic fields adjacent the inner and outer circumferences of said envelope tending to maintain the orbits of said electrons substantially circular.
- An electron tube comprising an annular-shape envelope having opposite faces, an electron-emitting element and a co-operating element suitably disposed therein, means establishing forces in said tube tending to drive electrons emitted from said element circumferentiallyaround said tube and guiding ma ets so disposed upon the opposite faces 0 said envelope as to establish strong a varyma netic fields adjacent the inner and outer peripheries of said envelope tending to maintain the orbits of said electrons substantially circular.
- An electron-tube device comprising a toroidal envelope, an electron-emitting element disposed adjacent the inner periphery thereof, a co-operating; element disposed adjacent to the outer periphery thereof, a magnetizable member adapted to form a magnetic circuit linking .said envelope, means for variablyenergizing said member, and guiding magnets so d1sposed-as to establish a magnetic field transverse to the plane of said envelope adjacent to the inner and the outer peripheries thereof, said fields being such that repulsive forces are exerted upon electrons tending to enter the same.
- An electron-tube device comprising an evacuated envelope, :1 source of electrons therein spaced from the outer periphery thereof, means for developing forces tending to cause said electrons to traverse closed paths, comprising repetitions approximately like whorls, the energy of said electron increasing with each traverse of a repetition, an anode within said envelope substantiall outside of said paths, and means for pro ucing a varying flux linking said paths and varying in such direction as to impress an acceleratingpotential upon said electrons, whereby said paths ultimately increase in diameter sufliciently for the electrons to impinge upon said anode.
- An electron-tube device comprising an evacuated envelope, 2. source of electrons therein spaced from the outer periphery thereof, means for developing forces tending to causes said electrons to traverse an initial substantially circular path of predetermined diameter, an' anode within said envelope substantially outside of said path, and means for producing a varying flux linkin said path and varying continuously in suc direction as to impress accelerating potentials upon said electrons, whereby said path ultimately increases in diameter sufiiciently for the electrons to impinge'upon said anode, the continuous unidirectional variation in flux being continued at least for a period commensurate with the mean time required foran electron to travel from cathode to node a device comprising a 18.
- An electron-tube device comprising a substantially toroidal evacuated envelope, a source of electrons therein spaced from the outer wall thereof, magnetic means operative near the walls thereof for developing forces normally tending to restrict the movement of the electrons to paths near the center of the cross-sectional area of the evacuated space, an anode within said enveloge adjacentthe outer wall thereof and outsi e of the normal electron-paths, and means for producing a varying flux linking said paths and varying in such direction as to impress an accelerating potential upon said electrons, whereby said paths ultimately increase in diameter sufficiently for the electrons to impinge upon said anode.
- An electron-tube device comprising a substantially toroidal evacuated envelope, a source of electrons therein spaced from the outer wall thereof, magnetic means operative' near the walls thereof for developing forces normally tending to restrict the movement of the electrons to paths near the center of the cross-sectional area of the evacuated space, an anode within said envelope adjacent the outer wall thereof and outside of the normal electron-paths, and means for producing an alternating magnetic flux linking said toroidal container, whereby, during at least one half-cycle of said alternating flux, said electron-paths ultimately increase in diameter sufliciently for the electrons to impinge upon said anode, the half-period for said alternating flux being at least-large enough to be commensurate with the mean time required for an electron to travel from catode to anode.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- X-Ray Techniques (AREA)
- Particle Accelerators (AREA)
- Electron Sources, Ion Sources (AREA)
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NL13446D NL13446C (fr) | 1922-04-01 | ||
US548636A US1645304A (en) | 1922-04-01 | 1922-04-01 | X-ray tube |
GB2537/23A GB195594A (en) | 1922-04-01 | 1923-01-27 | Improvements relating to electron discharge tubes for generating x-rays |
DEW63154D DE477498C (de) | 1922-04-01 | 1923-02-16 | Anordnung zur Erzeugung von verhaeltnismaessig harten Roentgenstrahlen ohne Verwendung hoher Spannungen |
FR562660D FR562660A (fr) | 1922-04-01 | 1923-02-23 | Perfectionnements aux tubes à électrons |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US548636A US1645304A (en) | 1922-04-01 | 1922-04-01 | X-ray tube |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US1645304A true US1645304A (en) | 1927-10-11 |
Family
ID=24189729
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US548636A Expired - Lifetime US1645304A (en) | 1922-04-01 | 1922-04-01 | X-ray tube |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US1645304A (fr) |
DE (1) | DE477498C (fr) |
FR (1) | FR562660A (fr) |
GB (1) | GB195594A (fr) |
NL (1) | NL13446C (fr) |
Cited By (19)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2662980A (en) * | 1950-07-25 | 1953-12-15 | Otto G Schwede | Rotatron-electrical transducer |
US2724056A (en) * | 1942-06-19 | 1955-11-15 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Ionic centrifuge |
US2736799A (en) * | 1950-03-10 | 1956-02-28 | Christofilos Nicholas | Focussing system for ions and electrons |
US2803767A (en) * | 1952-09-30 | 1957-08-20 | Gen Electric | Radiation sources in charged particle accelerators |
US2869050A (en) * | 1952-01-04 | 1959-01-13 | Magnetic circuits | |
US2872574A (en) * | 1956-04-12 | 1959-02-03 | Edwin M Mcmillan | Cloverleaf cyclotron |
US2882396A (en) * | 1953-10-30 | 1959-04-14 | Ernest D Courant | High energy particle accelerator |
US2890348A (en) * | 1957-07-08 | 1959-06-09 | Ohkawa Tihiro | Particle accelerator |
US2892946A (en) * | 1955-11-25 | 1959-06-30 | High Voltage Engineering Corp | Method of and apparatus for the more efficient use of high-energy charged particles in the treatment of gasphase systems |
US2903578A (en) * | 1952-10-21 | 1959-09-08 | Nat Res Dev | Travelling wave linear particle accelerators |
US2932797A (en) * | 1956-01-03 | 1960-04-12 | Research Corp | Imparting energy to charged particles |
US2932798A (en) * | 1956-01-05 | 1960-04-12 | Research Corp | Imparting energy to charged particles |
US2953750A (en) * | 1956-09-04 | 1960-09-20 | Nicholas C Christofilos | Magnetic cable |
US3031596A (en) * | 1958-03-13 | 1962-04-24 | Csf | Device for separating electrons in accordance with their energy levels |
US3176137A (en) * | 1961-10-31 | 1965-03-30 | Licentia Gmbh | Crt x-ray generator with beam velocity modulation for equalizing radiation |
US3296476A (en) * | 1961-10-31 | 1967-01-03 | Licentia Gmbh | X-ray tube |
US4229657A (en) * | 1977-04-01 | 1980-10-21 | Cgr-Mev | γ-Ray irradiation head for panoramic irradiation |
EP0481865A1 (fr) * | 1990-10-16 | 1992-04-22 | Schlumberger Limited | Accélérateur circulaire à induction pour la diagraphie des puits de forage |
US6696688B2 (en) | 2000-09-07 | 2004-02-24 | Diamond Semiconductor Group, Llc | Apparatus for magnetically scanning and/or switching a charged-particle beam |
-
0
- NL NL13446D patent/NL13446C/xx active
-
1922
- 1922-04-01 US US548636A patent/US1645304A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1923
- 1923-01-27 GB GB2537/23A patent/GB195594A/en not_active Expired
- 1923-02-16 DE DEW63154D patent/DE477498C/de not_active Expired
- 1923-02-23 FR FR562660D patent/FR562660A/fr not_active Expired
Cited By (19)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2724056A (en) * | 1942-06-19 | 1955-11-15 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Ionic centrifuge |
US2736799A (en) * | 1950-03-10 | 1956-02-28 | Christofilos Nicholas | Focussing system for ions and electrons |
US2662980A (en) * | 1950-07-25 | 1953-12-15 | Otto G Schwede | Rotatron-electrical transducer |
US2869050A (en) * | 1952-01-04 | 1959-01-13 | Magnetic circuits | |
US2803767A (en) * | 1952-09-30 | 1957-08-20 | Gen Electric | Radiation sources in charged particle accelerators |
US2903578A (en) * | 1952-10-21 | 1959-09-08 | Nat Res Dev | Travelling wave linear particle accelerators |
US2882396A (en) * | 1953-10-30 | 1959-04-14 | Ernest D Courant | High energy particle accelerator |
US2892946A (en) * | 1955-11-25 | 1959-06-30 | High Voltage Engineering Corp | Method of and apparatus for the more efficient use of high-energy charged particles in the treatment of gasphase systems |
US2932797A (en) * | 1956-01-03 | 1960-04-12 | Research Corp | Imparting energy to charged particles |
US2932798A (en) * | 1956-01-05 | 1960-04-12 | Research Corp | Imparting energy to charged particles |
US2872574A (en) * | 1956-04-12 | 1959-02-03 | Edwin M Mcmillan | Cloverleaf cyclotron |
US2953750A (en) * | 1956-09-04 | 1960-09-20 | Nicholas C Christofilos | Magnetic cable |
US2890348A (en) * | 1957-07-08 | 1959-06-09 | Ohkawa Tihiro | Particle accelerator |
US3031596A (en) * | 1958-03-13 | 1962-04-24 | Csf | Device for separating electrons in accordance with their energy levels |
US3176137A (en) * | 1961-10-31 | 1965-03-30 | Licentia Gmbh | Crt x-ray generator with beam velocity modulation for equalizing radiation |
US3296476A (en) * | 1961-10-31 | 1967-01-03 | Licentia Gmbh | X-ray tube |
US4229657A (en) * | 1977-04-01 | 1980-10-21 | Cgr-Mev | γ-Ray irradiation head for panoramic irradiation |
EP0481865A1 (fr) * | 1990-10-16 | 1992-04-22 | Schlumberger Limited | Accélérateur circulaire à induction pour la diagraphie des puits de forage |
US6696688B2 (en) | 2000-09-07 | 2004-02-24 | Diamond Semiconductor Group, Llc | Apparatus for magnetically scanning and/or switching a charged-particle beam |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB195594A (en) | 1923-09-06 |
FR562660A (fr) | 1923-11-16 |
NL13446C (fr) | |
DE477498C (de) | 1929-06-08 |
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