US1634132A - Oil engine - Google Patents

Description

June 1927' o. A. BANNER OIL ENGINE Filed July 11, 1925 Patented June 28, 1927.

NITED "STATES.

PATENT OFFICE- OTTO A. BANNER, 01 MILWAUKEE WISCONSIN, ASSIGNOB TO THE FALK CORPORATION,

OF IILWAUHE; WISCONSIN, A CORPORATION OF WISCONSIN.

OIL ENGINE.

Application fled m 11, 1925. Serial m. 43,923.

This invention relates to oil engines and particularly to engines of the type in which the fuel is introduced as s rays, into a chamber which is segregate from the piston of space and communicates therewith through a restricted assage.

In my pr1or Patent No. 1,54%,524, issued June 30, 1925, Ihave described an engine of the type mentioned in which the fuel is inl 'troduced in the form of opposed sprays which meet in a zone eccentrically disposed with respect to the restricted pa e. By this eccentric relation between the el impact zone and restricted'passage I have been 1 able to utilize to a marked degree the tur bulence set up in the chamber and passage during the working stroke to eifect a combustible mixture of the air and fuel. This has resulted in an ability to efiecta clean 20 combustion of the fuel in quantities sufficient to obtain mean efiective pressures as high as one hundred eleven pounds and more. In the engine shown in said patent the chamher is of somewhat symmetrical form, the

95 restricted passage being" arranged midway of the length thereof and concentric with the central axle of the piston space. The eccentrio relation between the fuel impact zone and the restricted passage is eflected in said 80 engine by an unsymmetrical arrangement of the fuel sprays. i One ob ect of the present invention is to further improve the combustion in engines of this type. This I have accomplished by '56 arranging the restricted passage eccentrica axis of the piston space. With a disposed restricted passage the wing through the passage 'durin t e working stroke, spread uniformly in al to directions within the piston space, forcing ahead of them the unsaturated air that was originally within the assage, and packing this air a ainst the cy is not available to mix with and support the 5 combustion of the fuel-charge. 1 By disposing the passage ecoentrically of the axis of the piston. ace, an unbalanced condition is produced'm the iston s ace,.causing' the which enter t erein uring the working stroke to sweep laterally over the face of the piston, thereby causing an intensive turbulence within this space. This turbulence insures a rompt an intimate mixture of all the air 1n the piston space with the gases t erein for accommodating t e valve ca es.

inder walls where it 'preferab y concave so therein. This turbulent condition is of- 56 marked utility when, as in an engine of the type hereinabove mentioned, the fuel is introduced in the form of impacting fuel sprays at or just before compression dead center.

Other objects and advantages will ap ar fromithe following description of an illiistrative embodiment of the present invention.

In the drawings Figure 1 is a fra entary axial section of an oi engine cylin or constructed in accordance with the present invention.

F g. 2 is a sectional view taken substan tially along the line2-2 of Figure 1.

The engine cylinder selected for illustratlon comprises the usual cylinder proper having the usual water jacket 11, and enclosing a piston 120i well known form. In this Instance the piston is provided with a convex end face 13. The cylinder is closed by a water jacketed head It having vertical parallel openings for receiving the usual removable valve cages-16 containlng the intake and exhaust valves. 17 and 18.

The head 14 is internally shaped to provide an elongated chamber 19 disposed transversely of the axis of the cylinder. The top wall 20 of the chamber shown is substantiall flat except for the' openin s 21 provided One end of the chamber is relatively shal ow, the bottom wall thereof being formed by a substantially flat plate 22 formed as an integral part of the head 14, and integrally connected with the substantially flat vertical side walls 23. The other end of the chamher is relatively deep being defined by a steeply inclined ,end wall 24. The walls 20, '22, 23 and 24 are all water cooled. A restricted passage 25 is provided through the bottom of chamber 19 through which communication is maintained between the chamher and the piston space 26. As will appear from Figure 2 this passage is of elongated rectangular form. It extends transversely of the 'chamber '19 and is disposed at the 'unction of the bottom wall 22 with the end wall 24 adjacent one end of thechamber and at one side of the central axis of the piston ace. The bottom of the head 14 is as to conform in general with the convex-end face 13 of the pisplication' Serial No. 7 14,266, filed v from the nozzle 27 may be of-su It will be noted that the chamber shown is so shaped that the major portion of the vair therein is disposed within. therelatively ber in appro ria'te bores formed through the sides of the sad 14:- The nozzles shown are of the type described in my copendin ap- May 19, 1924-, and are capable of delivering substan tially fiat fuel sprays, without air, into the chamber. These nozzles in this instance are relatively inclined so as to insure good impact of the issuing sprays within a zone eccentrically disposed at the right of the passage'25. In order that the soray issuing icient length to permit full development thereof, this nozzle is referably set back away from the end wall 24,: and a recess 29 provided in this wall" to clear the spray.

In operation, the" fuel is injected under pump pressure, and vwithoutair, through the nozzles 27 and 28, in a sudden substantially instantaneous charge at or just before compression dead center, when the compression stroke of the piston has practically ceased and the air in the chamber is at rest. The

sudden impact of the opposed sprays,-thusformed, produces a dense cloud of relatively heavy fuel mist, momentarily suspended in the chamber 19 adjacent the right side of the passage 25. A relatively light fuel mist b is simultaneously formed about the concentrated cloud and at the surfaces of the fuel sprays, due largely to the frictional contact of the sprays with the compressed air inthe chamber. This lighter fuel mist is readily vaporized and ignited by the heat ofcompression and combustion sets in. The heat developed by this initial combustion permeates the concentrated fuel cloud so as to vaporize a large portion of the fuel there" in and prepare the same for quick burning.

Actual combustion of this fuel does not occur however until and as the same is. brought into intimate contact with air in sufficient quantities to support the combustion.

Substantially simultaneously with the initial combustion the piston starts downwardly on its working stroke and the contents of the chamber, agitated by the combustion, begins to flow through the throat. During such fiow the dense cloud of partiall vaporized fuel is broken up by the.

resu ting turbulence and carried toward the passage 25 where it meets and mixes with I the large body of hot unsaturated air which is simultaneousl flowing toward thepassage. This resu tsin prompt combustion of the fuel charge, the major portion of the combustion occurring in the passage and piston space.

The eccentric relation between the passage 25- and piston space causes the flow through thepassage to sweep laterall over the end face'of the piston so as to e eat an intensive turbulence within the piston space. This turbulence insures a thorough mixture of all the air in the piston space with the entering gases and consequently a complete combustion of all fuel suspended in these gases. r

Various changes may be made in the embodiment of the invention hereinabove specifically described without departing from or sacrificing any of the advanta es of the invention as defined in the appen ed claims.

I claim:

1. In an oil engine the combination of a cylinder having a piston space and an elongated chambcr extending transvershly thereof, said chamber being deeper at one end than at the other, a restricted passage connectin said piston space and said chamber a jacent the" deeper end thereof, and

means .for producingla plurality of impact cylinder having a piston space and an elongated chamber extending transversely thereof, said chamber being deeper at one end than at the other, a; restricted passage connecting said piston space and chamber adacent the deeper endthereof, and means at opposite ends of said chamber for producmg a pair of impacting fuel sprays which meet in a zone adjacent one side of said passage.

3 In an oil engine the combination of a cylmder having a piston space and an elon. gated chamber extending transversely thereof, a restricted passage connecting said space and chamber adjacent one end there of, and means disposed at opposite ends of said chamber for producing a pair of fuel sprays therein which meet in a zone adjacent saidpassage.

i. In an oil engine the combination of a cyhnderhavmg a piston space and elongated c amber extending transversely thereof, a restricted passage connectin chamber and eccentricall d spect to the axis of sai s and means at opposite ends of said 0 amber for producmg, a pa r of impacting fuel sprays said space and isposed with re- I which meet in a zone adjacent said passage.

5 In an oil engine the combination of a cylinder having a piston space and a chamber, a restricted passa e conncctin said space and chamber an eccentrics. y disposed withrespect to the axis of said space,

lie

and means for producing a plurality of imsaid body of air substantially at compression 10 a cloud offuel concentratedeccentrically of OTTO A.

pactin fuel sprays which meet in a. zone dead center, and a restricted passage con- 1I1 saif chamber adjacent said passage. necting said space and chamber through 6. In an oil engine the combination of a which said fuel and said body of air flows cylinder having a piston space, an unsymduring the working stroke to effect a commetrical chamber having a large body of bustible mixture. in air eccentrically disposed therein at com In witness whereof, I hereunto subscribe pression dead center, means for producing my name this 6th day of JulyfiflggiER

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