US1754735A - Internal-combustion engine - Google Patents

Internal-combustion engine Download PDF

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Publication number
US1754735A
US1754735A US381594A US38159429A US1754735A US 1754735 A US1754735 A US 1754735A US 381594 A US381594 A US 381594A US 38159429 A US38159429 A US 38159429A US 1754735 A US1754735 A US 1754735A
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United States
Prior art keywords
cylinder
grooves
cylinder head
combustion chamber
piston
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Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US381594A
Inventor
James C Barnaby
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Worthington Pump and Machinery Corp
Original Assignee
Worthington Pump and Machinery Corp
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Publication date
Priority claimed from US243509A external-priority patent/US1745884A/en
Application filed by Worthington Pump and Machinery Corp filed Critical Worthington Pump and Machinery Corp
Priority to US381594A priority Critical patent/US1754735A/en
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Publication of US1754735A publication Critical patent/US1754735A/en
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B23/00—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
    • F02B23/02—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition
    • F02B23/06—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston
    • F02B23/0675—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston the combustion space being substantially spherical, hemispherical, ellipsoid or parabolic
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B19/00—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers
    • F02B19/08—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers the chamber being of air-swirl type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B19/00—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers
    • F02B19/14—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers with compression ignition
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B23/00—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
    • F02B23/02—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition
    • F02B23/06—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston
    • F02B23/0618—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston having in-cylinder means to influence the charge motion
    • F02B23/0624—Swirl flow
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B23/00—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
    • F02B23/02—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition
    • F02B23/06—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston
    • F02B23/0618—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston having in-cylinder means to influence the charge motion
    • F02B23/0627—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston having in-cylinder means to influence the charge motion having additional bores or grooves machined into the piston for guiding air or charge flow to the piston bowl
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B23/00—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
    • F02B23/02—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition
    • F02B23/06—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston
    • F02B23/0618—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston having in-cylinder means to influence the charge motion
    • F02B23/063—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston having in-cylinder means to influence the charge motion the combustion space in the piston interacting fluid dynamically with the cylinder head, the injector body or the cylinder wall
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B2275/00—Other engines, components or details, not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F02B2275/14—Direct injection into combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
    • F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • This invention relates to internal comhustion engines of the Diesel tyfe and an object of the invention is to provi e means preferabl in the form of grooves or passageways which will impart a rotary motion to air or gas as it is forced inwardly into the combustion chamber from between the facing flat surfaces of the cylinder head and piston to produce turbulence in the compresslon space or chamber and result in a thorough mixing 1 of the fuel.
  • the present invention is a'division from my companion application, serlal No. 243,509, filed December 30th, 1927.
  • Fig. 1 is a fragmentary vertical. section through an internal combustion engine constructed in accordance with the invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a horizontal section through the engine taken on the line 2-2 of 1 and showing a bottom view of the cylm er head, and
  • Fig. 3 of the drawings is a fragmentary section of a modified form of the invention.
  • the improved internal combustion engine illustrated in the drawings is what 1s known as a solid injection Diesel or oil engine of any approved form.
  • the engine embodies the cylinder head 1, having the piston chamber 2 therein, into which atomized fuel oil is fed from the pre-combustion chamber 3 through the spray valve 4 of any suitable type.
  • the flat surface 5 of the cylinder head 1 is provided with a plurality of grooves or passageways 6 cut therein, which extend angularly with respect to the radii of the cylinder head and extend inwardly from the outer erimeter or perimetric portion of the cylinger 7 of the engine to the combustion chamber or space 2, so that, as the piston 8 moves upwardly during thecompression stroke and as it nears the completing of its compression stroke, a portion of the air 0r gas in the cylinder 7 will be squeezed or forced inwardly, through the grooves or passageways 6 into the combustion space 2 and will enter the com bustion space substantiall at a tangent to the circumference of the com ustion space, causing a rotary motion and the setting u of turbulence in the compression space for t oroughly mixing the air or gas and the atomized fuel oil, which enters the compression space 2 from the spray valve 4.
  • grooves 6 are shown as tangential to the circumference of the compression space 2, it is to be understood that they may be placed at any angle which will set up substantially a rotary motion of the air or gas forced through the grooves into the chamber 2 without departing from the spirit of this invention. It will also be noted that the grooves are open alon one side for their entire length to the cylin er 7.
  • a modified form of the engine in which the cylinder hea-d 1a is provided with a plurality of grooves or passages 6a in its fiat surface 5, and these grooves extend from the perimetric portion of the cylinder 7a inwardly towards the vertical axis of the cylinder head l and open out into the compression space 2a which is formed in the head of the piston 8, 'differing from the form shown in Fig. 1 of the drawings by loeating the compression space in the piston head instead of in the cylinder head.
  • the grooves 6a are shown as gradually increasing in cross sectional area from their outer ends to their inner ends and it is to be understood that they may be placed in any suitable angular rei to each other and to the radii of the cylinder head to provide the desired rotary motion and turbulence in the compression space 2f?, being arranged substantially as shown in Fig. 2 of the drawings.
  • the action of the modified form of the invention shown in Fig. 3 is the same as the action of the form of engine shown in Figs.
  • An internal combustion engine including a cylinder, a cylinder head and a iston and having a combustion chamber t erein of less diameter than the c linder'bore, said cylinder head provided with a plurality of angularly disposed grooves in its under surface opening out at their inner ends into the said combustion chamber, said piston and cylinder head co-operating towards the end of the compression stroke to force gas from the perimetric portion of the cylinder through said grooves into said combustion chamber.
  • An internal combustion engine including a cylinder, a cylinder head and .a piston and having a combustion chamber therein of less diameter than the cylinder bore, said cylinder head provided with a plurality of grooves in its under surface extending inwardly from approximately the perimeter of the cylinder to said combustion chamber and extending substantially tangential to the perimeter of the combustion chamber, said piston and cylinder head co-operatin towards the end of the compression stro e to force gas from the rimetric portion of the cylinder through said grooves into said combustion chamber.
  • An internal combustion engine including a cylinder, a cylinder head and a piston and having a combustion chamber therein of less diameter than the cylinder bore, said cylinder head provided with a plurality of ves in its under surface, said grooves having their undersides o nin throughout their entire len h into said cylinder, said piston and cylin er head co-operating towards the end of the compression stroke to force s chamber, said grooves gradually increasing in cross sectional area from their outer ends to their inner ends.
  • An internal combustion engine including a cylinder, a cylinder head and a piston and having a combustion chamber therein of less diameter than the cylinder bore, said cylinder head provided with a plurality of grooves in its under surface extending inwardly from approximately the perimeter of the cylinder to said combustion chamber and extending substantially tangential to the perimeter of the combustion chamber, said piston and cylinder head co-operating towards the end of the compression stroke to force gas from the perimetric portion of the cylinder through said grooves into said combustion chamber, said grooves gradually increasing in cross sectional area from their outer ends to their inner ends.
  • An internal combustion engine including a cylinder, a cylinder head and a iston and having a combustion chamber t erein of less diameter than the cylinder bore, said cylinder head provided with a pluralit of ves in its under surface, said grooves aving their undersides o ning throughout their entire length into said cylinder, said piston and cylin er head co-operating towards the end of the compression stroke to force from the perimetric portion of the c lin er through said grooves into said com ustion

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)

Description

Aprl 15, 1930.
'.J. C. BARNABY INTERNAL coMBUsTloN ENGINE Original- Filed Deo. 30, 1927 A TORNE Y Patented Apr. 15, 1930 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE JAMES C. BARNABY, F WESTERLEIGH, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR TO WORTHINGTON PUMP AND IACHINEBY CORPORATION, OF NEW YOBK,N. Y., A CORPORATION 0F VIRGINIA INTEBNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE Original application led December 30, 1927, Serial No. 243,509. Divided and this application lled J'uly a7, 1929. serial No. 381,594.
This invention relates to internal comhustion engines of the Diesel tyfe and an object of the invention is to provi e means preferabl in the form of grooves or passageways which will impart a rotary motion to air or gas as it is forced inwardly into the combustion chamber from between the facing flat surfaces of the cylinder head and piston to produce turbulence in the compresslon space or chamber and result in a thorough mixing 1 of the fuel.
The present invention is a'division from my companion application, serlal No. 243,509, filed December 30th, 1927.
With these and other objects in view, as
may appear from the accompanylng specification, the invention consists in varlous features of construction and combinatlon of parts, which will be first describedin connection with the accompanying drawings, showing an 1nternal combustion engine of the preferred form embodying the invention, and the features forming the invention will be specfically pointed out in the claims.
In the drawings:
Fig. 1 is a fragmentary vertical. section through an internal combustion engine constructed in accordance with the invention.
Fig. 2 is a horizontal section through the engine taken on the line 2-2 of 1 and showing a bottom view of the cylm er head, and
, Fig. 3 of the drawings is a fragmentary section of a modified form of the invention.
Referring more particularly. to the drawings, the improved internal combustion engine illustrated in the drawings, is what 1s known as a solid injection Diesel or oil engine of any approved form. The engine embodies the cylinder head 1, having the piston chamber 2 therein, into which atomized fuel oil is fed from the pre-combustion chamber 3 through the spray valve 4 of any suitable type.
The flat surface 5 of the cylinder head 1 is provided with a plurality of grooves or passageways 6 cut therein, which extend angularly with respect to the radii of the cylinder head and extend inwardly from the outer erimeter or perimetric portion of the cylinger 7 of the engine to the combustion chamber or space 2, so that, as the piston 8 moves upwardly during thecompression stroke and as it nears the completing of its compression stroke, a portion of the air 0r gas in the cylinder 7 will be squeezed or forced inwardly, through the grooves or passageways 6 into the combustion space 2 and will enter the com bustion space substantiall at a tangent to the circumference of the com ustion space, causing a rotary motion and the setting u of turbulence in the compression space for t oroughly mixing the air or gas and the atomized fuel oil, which enters the compression space 2 from the spray valve 4.
While in Fig. 2 of the drawings the grooves 6 are shown as tangential to the circumference of the compression space 2, it is to be understood that they may be placed at any angle which will set up substantially a rotary motion of the air or gas forced through the grooves into the chamber 2 without departing from the spirit of this invention. It will also be noted that the grooves are open alon one side for their entire length to the cylin er 7.
In Fig. 3 of the drawings, a modified form of the engine is shown, in which the cylinder hea-d 1a is provided with a plurality of grooves or passages 6a in its fiat surface 5, and these grooves extend from the perimetric portion of the cylinder 7a inwardly towards the vertical axis of the cylinder head l and open out into the compression space 2a which is formed in the head of the piston 8, 'differing from the form shown in Fig. 1 of the drawings by loeating the compression space in the piston head instead of in the cylinder head.
The grooves 6a are shown as gradually increasing in cross sectional area from their outer ends to their inner ends and it is to be understood that they may be placed in any suitable angular rei to each other and to the radii of the cylinder head to provide the desired rotary motion and turbulence in the compression space 2f?, being arranged substantially as shown in Fig. 2 of the drawings. The action of the modified form of the invention shown in Fig. 3 is the same as the action of the form of engine shown in Figs. 1 and 2, that is, the air or gas compressed by the piston 8EL during its compression stroke is, at and near the terminus of the compression stroke, forced inwardl from the rimetric portion of the cylinder through t e grooves 69 into the compression space 2, entering the compression space in a rotary or whirling manner, resulting in the setting up1 of turbulence and a thorough mixing of t e gas and fuel oil in the compression space.
It will be understood that the invention is not to be limited to the s cific construction or arrangement of arts s own but that these ma be modified widely within the invention de ed by the claims.
What is claimed is:
1. An internal combustion engine including a cylinder, a cylinder head and a iston and having a combustion chamber t erein of less diameter than the c linder'bore, said cylinder head provided with a plurality of angularly disposed grooves in its under surface opening out at their inner ends into the said combustion chamber, said piston and cylinder head co-operating towards the end of the compression stroke to force gas from the perimetric portion of the cylinder through said grooves into said combustion chamber.
2. An internal combustion engine including a cylinder, a cylinder head and .a piston and having a combustion chamber therein of less diameter than the cylinder bore, said cylinder head provided with a plurality of grooves in its under surface extending inwardly from approximately the perimeter of the cylinder to said combustion chamber and extending substantially tangential to the perimeter of the combustion chamber, said piston and cylinder head co-operatin towards the end of the compression stro e to force gas from the rimetric portion of the cylinder through said grooves into said combustion chamber.
3. An internal combustion engine including a cylinder, a cylinder head and a piston and having a combustion chamber therein of less diameter than the cylinder bore, said cylinder head provided with a plurality of ves in its under surface, said grooves having their undersides o nin throughout their entire len h into said cylinder, said piston and cylin er head co-operating towards the end of the compression stroke to force s chamber, said grooves gradually increasing in cross sectional area from their outer ends to their inner ends.
5. An internal combustion engine including a cylinder, a cylinder head and a piston and having a combustion chamber therein of less diameter than the cylinder bore, said cylinder head provided with a plurality of grooves in its under surface extending inwardly from approximately the perimeter of the cylinder to said combustion chamber and extending substantially tangential to the perimeter of the combustion chamber, said piston and cylinder head co-operating towards the end of the compression stroke to force gas from the perimetric portion of the cylinder through said grooves into said combustion chamber, said grooves gradually increasing in cross sectional area from their outer ends to their inner ends.
In testimony whereof I affix my signature.
JAMES C. BARNABY.
from the perimetric portion of the c lin er throu h said grooves into said com ustion cham r.
4. An internal combustion engine including a cylinder, a cylinder head and a iston and having a combustion chamber t erein of less diameter than the cylinder bore, said cylinder head provided with a pluralit of ves in its under surface, said grooves aving their undersides o ning throughout their entire length into said cylinder, said piston and cylin er head co-operating towards the end of the compression stroke to force from the perimetric portion of the c lin er through said grooves into said com ustion
US381594A 1927-12-30 1929-07-27 Internal-combustion engine Expired - Lifetime US1754735A (en)

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US243509A US1745884A (en) 1927-12-30 1927-12-30 Internal-combustion engine
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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2520378A (en) * 1943-10-11 1950-08-29 Veit Theodor Internal-combustion engine
US4084372A (en) * 1975-06-24 1978-04-18 Hiroshi Kuroda Internal combustion engine
US4100736A (en) * 1975-05-22 1978-07-18 Nissan Motor Company, Limited Spark-ignition internal combustion engine equipped with exhaust gas recirculation system
US5065715A (en) * 1990-02-07 1991-11-19 The University Of British Columbia Squish jet combustion chamber
US5103784A (en) * 1990-02-07 1992-04-14 The Univeristy Of British Columbia Squish jet combustion chamber
US7581526B2 (en) 2005-09-01 2009-09-01 Harry V. Lehmann Device and method to increase fuel burn efficiency in internal combustion engines
WO2010061974A1 (en) * 2008-11-28 2010-06-03 Hitachi Koki Co., Ltd. Engine and engine-powered tool equipped with same

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2520378A (en) * 1943-10-11 1950-08-29 Veit Theodor Internal-combustion engine
US4100736A (en) * 1975-05-22 1978-07-18 Nissan Motor Company, Limited Spark-ignition internal combustion engine equipped with exhaust gas recirculation system
US4084372A (en) * 1975-06-24 1978-04-18 Hiroshi Kuroda Internal combustion engine
US5065715A (en) * 1990-02-07 1991-11-19 The University Of British Columbia Squish jet combustion chamber
US5103784A (en) * 1990-02-07 1992-04-14 The Univeristy Of British Columbia Squish jet combustion chamber
US7581526B2 (en) 2005-09-01 2009-09-01 Harry V. Lehmann Device and method to increase fuel burn efficiency in internal combustion engines
WO2010061974A1 (en) * 2008-11-28 2010-06-03 Hitachi Koki Co., Ltd. Engine and engine-powered tool equipped with same

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