US1628699A - Best available cop - Google Patents

Description

May 17. 1927!. 1,628,699

F. H. WAPPLER ET AL X-RAY APPARATUS Filed D 1923 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 I mliim'illllllr INVENTOR JVM'DEHICK fi MPH ER Cmmss ihyfn (A/ w HM,

ATTORNEY.

May 17 1927. 1,628,699

Fl WAPPLER ET AL X-RAY APPARATUS ile Dec. 1923 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 U I! K 3 & E] rl INVENTOR FhEDER/M bf WAPPLf/P Cmmss MVER BY ATTORNEY Patented May 17, 1927.

UNITED STATES FREDERICK H. \VAPPLER A ND CHARLES FAYER, F FLUSHING, NEW YORK, ASSIGNORS PATENT OFFICE.

TO WAPPLER ELECTRIC COMPANY, INC., A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

X-RAY APPARATUS.

Application filed December 7, 1928. Serial No. 679,081.

plurality of transformers houscdtherein'forcontrolling the main discharge'and also for controlling anelectron discharge if one be used, the transformers being submerged in oil, thc X-ray tube being so mounted and spaced within the-hollow shield as. to be insulated by the air: or gases-therein con-' tained, and to be-Ieasily removed and l'eplacgxLx- 'zy- 2; More particularly-stated, our invention contemplates a' number'of improvements in X-ray apparatus of-the typ'e above men-- tioned, among which are thefollowing:

I. To generate the high potential currents for the main discharge of the X-ray tube by means of powerful but light andcompact transformers, submerged in oil 'eontain ed in metal casings, these-casingsteach being do :30 X-ray shield. 1

- II. To so mount the X'-ray-;tube within the cylindrical X-ray shield that the' X raktube p v -ray invention." v Shield and parts therein oontiiinedyby means is at all" times insulated fromthe lit of air or such other gaseous'medium as may be contained within the X-ray shield.

III. To provide improved mountings for the X-ray tube, in order'to facilitateits easy removal and replacement-relatively tothe 40 X-ray shield and thevarious parts con tained therein.- 7

IV. To improve the insulation of the X-ray tube relatively to surrounding objects within the X-ray shield,independently of the insulation afforded by the oil transformeis. A

V. To improve the construction and arrangement of the transformers and the cas ings in which they are' contained with oil, in order to facilitate detachably mounting these parts within the cylindrical X-ray shield.

VI. To so mount the oil transformer casings detachably within the hollow X-ray tachably mounted within the cylindrical shield as to enable them to be removed or replaced independently of each other.

VII. To avoid the development of excessive potential strains by using, for purposes of the main discharge, a plurality of separate transformers housed. within separate casings and yet connected in series.

VIII. To provide the X-ray shield with improved mountings, so constructed and arranged that, by merely mounting the X-ray tube within the hollow X-ray shield, various contact members areautomatically titted together so as to establish the various electrical connections used for energizing the X-ray tube.

IX; To provide an improved value mechanism for each transformer-casing in order to 'permit egress therefrom of air or gases driven out'whenever the tranformer becomes drawingiorming a part of this specifica-' tion, and in which like reference characters indicate like parts throughout the several figures.

-Figure 1 is a central longitudinal sect-ionthrough a hollow X-rayshield of substantially. cylindrical form, provided with our -Figure 2 is a central fragmentary section throu h the X-ray tube-and its mountings,

' where y'it is detachably supported as contemplated by Figure 1.

Figure 3 is a section on the line 3-3 of Figure 1, looking in the direction indicated by the arrows.

Figure 4 is a section on the line of Figure 1, looking in the direction indicated by the arrows.

Figure 5 is an end elevation of one of the transformer casings.

Figure'ti is a section on the line 6-6 of Figure 5, looking in the direction indicated by the arrows.

Figure 7 is a front elevation of an X-ray shield like that appearing in Figure 1 but showing the same as supported vertically upon a tube stand.

Figure 8 is a diagram of the wiring and various electrical connections.

An X-ray shield appears at 9, and has the general for n of ac lindent is -made of metal pfdvidei iht its eh? siiith a pair of end caps and 11, each detachably fitted intoposition. The shield is further provided withinopening 1 2,"and with a door 13 for closing this opening.

Mounted within the ends ofthe cylinder just described, and carried by the end caps 10 and 11, are a pair of transformer casings 14 and 15, alike in construction, and ap- -.pearing in cross section as indicated in Fig similarly mounted within: and carried bythe. end cap 11- v By this arrangement either endQc'a'p when. removed-carries with it one ofthe transformercasings'.

The casing ,14 is.-provi.ded witlr'an open-- ing lfi 'closedby a ;blo'ck .:17- of insulating, material, such-as hard rubber,- or-poreelain having the general form of a massive disk and provided with corrugations 18 for improving its insulatingnqualities.

The casing i8.\ "rovidedwith aniopening19 closed byavb oclc 20; this-block bein'g'l provided witheorrugatibns-m and; having substantially :the skinny-form as .the' block 17". The casings 14 land :15: g respectively act ssrcc p a nfilakashr-nor'rnally; holds a v'o1um6 ;9 f ,oil, i sdndicatd at and: 23.

,Th..block. 17 9f: insulating .inaterial: carries a sleve24 of-.conductin material,- held these bolts' extending-{through ieandbeing F gure 2; ninQ len-ibqltz 29..- extends through :thlQ- blQCl 219i a the casing-15,: The pnrpose of thisv'alve is wire 31 extends from the bolt 2.6 .-.to;-- the:

belt; serves-as aieontacthineinberx A b91525, and connected with this; wire; 3 15s located within the transformencasing- 13 and arensedin energizing the X-ray ,tube, as b r 'me t descri ed a? the bolt 29,,and i s used ais a, contact member;

Th X- ay-t be' 'is ew -atfia and com.

tains an anode-36 and a cathpde37; The

cathode is in this instance a, so-called, glower.

cathode and consists oia. wire or. filament, adapted to be heated,Connected-with the cathode 3 7 is a wire 38, which leads to a contact member- 39. Another'wire 40 is connected with the cathode at 37, and leads therefrom to a contact sleeve 41, carried by the X-ray tube. The contact sleeve 41 is proportioned, adapted and arranged to be detachably fitted i Q, th0 contact sleeve 24 carried by the block 17 of insulating main the casin it terial; and the contact member 39, also carried by the X-ray tube is adapted for detachzible' malignant. with th 1e34, which zbis above described serves as a contact mem- A wire 43 extends froin the zinode 36 to the adjacent end of the X-i'ay tube, and is there connected with a contact member 44, inade ofinetal and having the form of a tubular sleeve. Detachably fitting into this tubular sleeve is a contact bolt 45, which extendsthroiigh the block 20 of insulating material and is provided with a head 47 and fitted with a-nut 48. Encircling the contact bolt is a spiral spring 49; which, with the parts in po'siti'on as indicatedin F igures 1 and 2, presses in one direction against the nut 48. and in the opposite direction against the tubular contact sleeve 44.

We will now describe the transformer mechanism located 'within the casing 15, and shown in Figure 3 and at the right in Figure, 1. Cross bars 50 and 51 are mounted within the casing 15, and supported bythese cross .bars: is an 'H'-type transformer .core 52. This transformer core is provided with a middle bar 53, and carriedfby this bar is -a;.- primary -winding .54- A secondary winding- 55. encircles the primary, .winding 54. Insulating pins 56 are wedged in between .the secondary winding and the core 52,- asiindicated Figures'I and 3, so asto hold the secondary windin firmly in position and 170 properly main ain the spacing betwecnthe secondary-winding and thetcore: f v. ,Y

-Bii1ding p( $tS 57; 58 and 59, carried by the basing-.15 and properly insulated, are used in making variouselectrical connecti on sg e ff 7 5 1.1.1

A valve 60, having the form shown more particnlarlyinEigure .6, is mounted upon to ;=pe"r'init egress of any. vapors' or gases formed the casing .in consequence of thev heating'of theoil 23 b'y-action oi the transformer Il -he valve 60, has the form of .a short bolt, and. is threaded and fitted with-a nut 60% The valve is further provided withafpassagefiO, this passage hav- F A nut 34 is fitted upon the uterend" of inga port-ion GOP-extending outwardly as shown in Figure 6, and covered with a leaf 60? .ot soft. rubber. ,Fittedove'r the leaf 60 is a leaf spring 60*, serving asfia clamp for holding-the leaf and:- for pressing it against the face of'the valve, thus normally closing the passage thereof. A screw 60 h lds the spring, in. position.

lVhile the valve readily permits the outer passage of any gases or vapors formed withdoes not permit the c!)- trance of air into the casing.

The casing 14 is in many respects simiizir to the casing15 just described.

The casing 14 is provided with n number of lugs 61, 62, 63, 64, and supported upon these lugs is an H-type transformer core 65, provided with a middle bar 66. This middle bar carries a primary winding 67 and a secondary winding 68, these windingsand the H-type core together constituting a high tension step-up transformer..

A number of insulating pins 69 are used for the purpose of holding the secondary winding 68 firmly in position, and of spacing..it from the adjacent portions of the transformer core.

The casing 14 is further provided with lugs 70 and 71, and mounted u on these lugs is a closed transformer core 2, carryat 76 and 77. From these-mains two wires.

A-wire, S4isconnectedfwith the wire 78,

andleads therefrom-to:-.a switch-. 85. Con. nected with. this aiwire 86 which leads to a variable ;resis'tance=-.87,; servingno more :complication binding-post 93, and from the latter a wire 100 leads to a meter 101, used for measuring the secondary currents of the main discharge. From this meter a wire 102 leads to the binding post 58. A wire 103 is connectedwith the secondary winding 68 of the main transformer, and leads therefrom to the contact bolt 29 above described.

A wire 104 leads from the binding post 57 to the primary winding 54. A wire 105 is connected with the binding post 58, and leads therefrom to the'secondary winding 55. Awir'e 106 leads from the binding post 59 to the primary winding 54.

The casing 14-is provided with a valve 108, similar to the valve 60 above described, and shown more particularly in Figure 6.

Asmay' be noted from the foregoing description, the high potential currents for maintaining the main discharge through the X-ray' tube are produced by transformers 'which, though powerful and-submerged in oil, are nevertheless light and compact; and that the separate casings containing the transformers and the oil for insulating the Although the X-raytube, when in position andready for active use, is located between thepairof oil-transformers mounted within the'X-ray shield, the insulation enveloping the tube is merely' air or such gases or vapors as may .be contained within-the hollow 'rayshield. I

.-To remove or-=replace the )i-ray. tuoeis a .very'easyfmatter, ofierin 'asl a rule little or han --would "be re- .quired to fit an elebtrio-lamp bulb into a the purpose: of a:,regiulaton for controlling: -socket or: to:remove the-same therefrom..

the current supply, to.-.the-- heatipg .trans- The-mountings from thei-X ray tube are former. From the .variablek'resistance 87xso1arranged that when the X-ray tube is in a wire 83 leads to a bindingr-pos't-fit), and: :positionitiisfinsulated relatively .to surfrom the latter awire 99 leads -to:the prirounding objects located withinf theX-ray mary winding 73- of the step-down. trans.- ;;'-shi eld,-:it's insulationfor this purpose being former used. in, connection :with: theheating:

connections. .The wire 94 leadsiromthe binding post to theprimary winding 67, and awire- 95 leads from thebinding'post 90 to the double switch 80.

A wire 96 leads from the binding .post 91 to the primary winding 73- of the heating transformer. A wire 97 leads from the bind-" ing post 91 to thewires-81 and 82. Connected with the binding post 92 is a wire 98, which leads therefrom to the primary winding 67. A wire 98 is also connected with the binding post 92, and leads across to the other casing 15 and is connected-with the binding post 57 carried thereby. A wire 99 leads from the secondary winding 68 to the sul'ation aflordedfby du'e:toithespacing of the tube from theother parts-and. thus being independent of the inthe oil;in' connection .with the-transformers The form,construction, and arrangementof thetransformers and of-thecasingsmn- -taining the same are. such .asto facilitate- :the' mounting of these parts detachably 1 within .the cylindrical X-ray shield.

The transformer casings, because mounted upon the end caps of the X-ray shield, may each asa unit be quickly-and easily replaced independently ofthe other.-

l/Ve avoid the-development'of excessive .potential strains by separating the main transformers and housing them separately withindifi'erent portions of the X-ray shield. and thus at'opposite ends of the X-ray tube. lVith the transformers thus arranged but connected in s ries through the tube we obtain a potential adequate for purposes of.

the Xray tube,- and yet we So localize and distribute lhis potential as to render ithai-mllSS.

The various contact meiubers carried by the X-i-ay tube and other contact members carried by the X-ray shield are so arranged that the operator; in order to properly esiablish all of the connections necessary for energizing the X-ray tube,- neell do nothing more than merely place the X-ra-y. tube in position, by hand,- within the X-raj shield; and in order to properly undo variou's conncctions,- he simply removes the X-ray tube from its mounting-s.

It will be (ibscrvcd in addition that by nieans of the valves used upon the transformer casings; provision is made for the escape therefrom .of air, vapors oxygases;

arising from the action of tlie' transformers.

It is clear,- therefore, that for the reasons above stated the ciliciefw; of our device is very great in proportion-to itssizc; weight and mechanical strength.

Assuming the switches 8U. uni-L85 to be closed; the various circuits may be traced as hereinafter described.

A circuit may be traced through the primarywindingsof the main traiisformcn; as follows:

Main 16; wire -78,- left-.ha-nd portionof double switchv 80,-Uwire 9H, binding 90; wire ild; prinia-ryav'indingi 67 1 wire 98; binding post==9i-5, \Vll8x98;.-bllldlll-POSt 57,- wire 104, primary winding 54, wire 106, binding 'post c59,wir.c 82;.wiie 81,.right hand port-Rib m2- doublcswitch 80; wiie TQJ main. F? to sourceof clectricalzsupply. (H 61; shown); andthenceback to 'the:h1ain=:'?fi.-=

This circuit. ener 'zesathe primetywindings fi'fiand-io li-ofvt 'ezma'in transformers.

A circuit through the secondary windingsof the transformers justinentioned may be traced as.folloivs:

Secondary winding 68-: wire 99, binding post 93; wire- 100; meter 101, wire 102-, binding post 58, xvii-c.105 secondary winding 55 wire 10?,- bolt -16;- sleeve {14, wire 43, anode 36 of X-ray tube 35, cathode 37, wire 38, contact bolt 29 and wire 103; back 0 secondary winding 68; The circuit thus traced is the. circuit of the main discharge, through theX-iay tube; i

A circuiE-may bextriiccd throng-h the primary winding of the heating transformer, as folldwsz' l Main 76, wire 78 wire 84,- switch 85; wire 86, variable resist-ance'87ywirc 83; binding post 89, wire 88; prima-ry.winding 73, wire 90, binding posts 9L; wire 97, wire 81, right hand portion of double switch 80,- wire "(9, main 77 to source of electrical supply thence back to main 76. The circuit just traced ing lrzu'isl ormcr;

The secondary circuit of the heating transformer may be traced as follows:

Sccondarv winding T4. ivirc 52. coulacl members 24 and 41 wire 4!), calziimlc 3?, wire 38, contact bolt 2!). and wire 33, back to secondary winding- 7.4.

In Figure 7 of the X-ray shield is shown as mounted upon a tube stand 109. However, the tube shield may be mounted either as here indicated or in any other manner known in this art for supporting an X-ray shield.

The operation of our device may be readily understood from the fort-going descrip tion.

The parts being constructed and arnuigcd as shown and described, and the switches being closed thcapparatus is thrown into action.

We do not limit ourselves to the particular mechanism shown and described, our invention being commensurate with our claims:

Having thus described our invention what we claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is as follows:

1. An apparatus of the character described comprising an- X-ray shield having the form of an elongated hollow body im-' pervious to X-rays,- a pair of oil transformeis mounted independently of each other within the endsof said X-ray shield and supported thereby,- and supporting mechanism connected with said transformers and energized thereby for supporting an X-ray tube in a position intermediate said transformers and within said X-ray shield, said supporting mechanism being in two parts,

each carried by one of said transformers.

QsAn apparatus of the character described comprising an X-ray shield having the" general form of an elongated hollow body, a pair of high tension transformers housed within the ends of said hollow body and supporting mechanism made in two parts each carried by one of said high 'tension transformersfor supporting an X-ray tube within said hollow body and lengthwise between said transformers.

3.- An apparatus of the character described cotnprisihg an X-ray shield having the general form of a hollow cylinder, a pair of end caps mounted upon said cylinder and closing the ends thereof, a pair of high tension transformers carried by said end caps and thus supported within the ends of said cylinder and connections for sup portin and energizing an X-ray tube extending lengthwise between said transform- CPS and located within said cylinder.

An apparatus of the character described comprising a hollow Xray shield provided with open ends, a pair of end caps detachably engaging said ends and thus closing the same, a pair: of oil tanks normally housed within the ends of saidhollow X-ray shield, anoil transformer in each oil tank, and means for supporting an X-ray tube intermediatesaid oil transformers.

.-\u apparatus of the character (lesrribcd comprising an X-ray shield having the general form of a hollow cylinder, a pair of high tension oil tanks separately housed within the ends ot said cylinder, :1. separate transfmmcr in each oil tank, and an X-ray tube located within said cylinder and connected with said transformers.

6. An apparatus of the character described comprising an X-ray shield having the general form of a hollow cylinder, a pair of oil tanks separate from each other and respectively housed within the ends of said cylinder, :1 high tension transformer mount ed within each oil tank and insulated thereby, and an X-ray tube mounted within said cylinder and substantially co-axial therewith, said X-ray tube being at its ends detachably connected with said transformers. 7. An apparatus of the character described comprising an X-ray shield having the general form of a hollow cylinder, a pair of end caps closing the ends of said. cylinder, :1 pair of oil transformers carried by said end caps and housed within the ends of said cylinder, a pair of blocks of insulating material connected with said oil transformers and located opposite each other within said cylinder, and contact members carried by said blocks of insulating material and connected with said transformers, for energizing an X-ray tube.

8. An apparatus of the character described comprising an X-ray shield having the general form of a hollow cylinder and provided with a door, an X-ray tube adapted to be placed within said shield and removed therefrom throu hsaid door, oil tanks separately housed within said hollow cylinder and respectively located within the ends thereof, a pair of high tension transformers, one located within each oil tank, and contact mechanism located within said hollow cylinder and connected with said high tension transformers for the purpose of energizing said X-ray tube from said transformers.

9. An apparatus of the character described, comprising an X-ray shield having the general form of a hollow cylinder, a pair of high tension transformers separately housed within the ends of said cylinder, and an X-ray tube located within said cylinder and detachably connected with said transformers, said X-ray tube being spaced substantially coaxial with the wall of said cylinder and enveloped in a gaseous medium contained within said cylinder.

10. An apparatus of the character de scribed, comprising a hollow shield made up of materials impervious to X-rays, a pair of high tension oil transformers separately housed'within said=hollow shield and spaced apart. and an X-ray tube located within-said hollow shield and connected with said transformers, said X-ray tube bc lllfI enveloped on'all sides with a. gaseous medium and thus insulated from said hollow shield. i

ll. An apparatusof the character dc- ,srribed, comprising an X-ray shield made of metal and having the form of a hollow cylinder,'a pair of oil transformers separately housed within the ends of said cylinder and separated by an air space, an X-ray tube, means for detachably supporting said X-ray tube within said air space, and electrical connections from said 011 transformers to said X-ray tube.

'oil transformers housed'within the ends of said cylinder and separated by an air space, an X-ray tube adapted to be moved into and out of said cylinder through said door thereof, and connections controllable by the removal and replacement of said X-ray tube for connecting said X-ray tube with said transformeis and disconnecting the same therefrom.

13. An apparatus of the character de scribed comprising a hollow shield made of material impervious to X-rays, a pair of oil transformers separately housed within said hollow shield and separated by an air space, an X-ray tube normally located with in said air space, and contact mechanism located within said hollow shield and connected with said oil transformers, said contact mechanism being controllable by the removal and replacement of said X-ray tube for the purpose of disconnecting said X-ray tube from said transformers and of connecting the same therewith.

14. An apparatus of the character described comprising an X-ray shield, a pair of oil transformers carried thereby and separately housed therein, an X-ray tube extending between said oil transformers and energized thereby, and mechanism connected with said oil transformers and controllable by the removal and replacement of said X-ray tube, for making and breaking electrical connection from said X-ray tube to said transformers.

15. An apparatus of the character described eomprising the hollow X-ray shield, a pair of oil transformers separately housed therein and spaced apart, an X-ray tube located between said transformers and so connected therewith that said transformers may cause a discharge to take place through the X-ray tube, said X-ray tube when in pOSl' tion bein; substantially within the center of said hollow X-ray, shield and insulated by an air space containing said X-ray tube.

ltiQAn apparatus of the character described comprising a hollow X-ray shield, a pair of oil transformers separately housed therein and spaced apart, and an X-ray tube normally located within said hollow .{-ray tube and detachably connected with said oil transformers, said X-ray tube being insulated from said X-ray shield by an air space completely encircling said X-ray tube.

17. An apparatus of the character described comprising an X-ray shield having the form of a hollow member, a pair of high tension transformers separately housed within said hollow member and spaced apart, a low tension transformer mounted within said hollow member, an X-ray tube removably housed within said hollow member, and mechanism connected with said trairsformers and controllable by the removal and replacement of said Xray tube for making' and breaking electrical connections from said X-ray tube to said transformers.

FREDERICK H. \VAPPLER. CHARLES FAYER.

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