US1622374A - Surface condenser - Google Patents

Description

March 29, 1927.

J. E. GOODWILLIE SURFACE CONDEBSEH Fi led Avril- ;1; 1925 2 sh ts-sum 1 INVENTOR Johan #oodw-illig.

H15 ATTOR Y;

March 2:1 9. 1937- 1,622,374 J E. GOODWILLIE SURFACE CONDENSER Filed Avril 11. 1925 3 Sheds-Sheet 2 INVENTOR 1 17070113600011! lite HIS ATTORN Y 1 Patented Mar. 29, 1927. UNITED STATES P ATENT OFFICE.

JOHN E. eoo'nw LLIE, orBnooKLYn, new YORK, ASSIGNOR TO INGEBSOLL-BAND commas, or JERSEY any, new JERSEY, a. oonronn'rronor new .mnsny.

SURFACE connnnsnn.

Application filed April 11, 1925. Serial No. 22,249.

This inventionrelates to singlepass condensers, but more particularly to that type to the tubes from a head at one end of thecondenser and to discharge it at the other end of the condenser.- In the more common forms of single pass condensers the water flows through all the pipes in the same direction. This usually results in uneven capacity for condensing steam in the opposite ends of the condenser, the cooler end being adapted to condense a greater volume of steam than the warmer end. Likewise, the depth of steam penetration into the condenser varies throughout the length of the condenser since the volume of steam passing through the cooler end is completely condensed upon reaching a less depth than the depth of penetration required for complete condensation at the warmer end, the tubes at the warmer end having less steam condensing capacity on account'of their higher temperature than the cooler ends of the tubes at the opposite end of the condenser.

It is an object of this invention to equalize the steam condensing capacity of the two ends of the condenser and also to equalize the depth of penetration of the steam intothe banks of tubes so that the entire space provided for condensing the steam may be most eiiiciently utilized.

Other objects and advantages will be apparent from the following description of certain embodiments of the invention shown in the drawings, in which- Figure 1 is a longitudinal vertical section of a condenser in which the condensing ca-- pacities of the various portions are equalized by passing the water through certain levels of the tubes in opposite directions.

Figure 2 is a modification shown in longitudinal vertical section in which water is supplied to the tubes at their mid section and passes in opposite directions toward the ends of the condenser, and

Figure 3 is a modification shown 1n longitudinal vertical section in which the banks of tubes are divided into two levels each of which is supplied at the center with water from separate sources.

Since the inequality in the condensing capacity of the usual form of single pass sur face condenser is due to the unsymmetrical "arrangement of the condensing capacity of the tubes, it is proposed to overcome this condition by balancing the two ends through a symmetrical arrangement of the condensing capacities so that if the condenser be, considered to be divided at the center in two sections of equal volume, each such volume will include substantially similar cooling surfaces of corresponding temperatures.-

In t e embodiment shown in Figure 1 this is accomplished by grouping the tubes into upper and lower levels containing the same length and number of water tubes A which are enclosed within a casing or shell B form ing the steam chamber. The cooling water is introduced into the upper level of the water tubes A by means of an upper'inlet water "head C and to the lower level of tubes A 'from a lower water inlet head D. The water heads C and D are situated at opposite ends ot'the casing B and are each supplied with cold water of substantially the same temperature. The upper group of tubes A discharge into an outlet water head E and thelower level of tubes A discharge into an .outlet water head F.

The steam enters the casing '13 through a steam inlet G .and passing transversely across the tubes A is condensed into water which is drawn out at the condensate outlet H by means of suitable evacuating apparatus is well known. Asthe steamupasses across the banks of the tubes A in the direction of the outlet H its heat of vaporization is absorbed by the tubes and the temperature of the water therein is thereupon raised. The heat is transferred to the tubes in roportion to their heat absorbing power w ich depends upon the temperature difference be- 1 tween the steam and the cooling area of the tubes. and more heat in passing from the respective water inlets to the water outlets, so that the water is at a substantially higher tempera- 105 owever, with .the arrangement of inlets 110 The water in the tubes A absorbs more 1 steam substantially perpendicular to the tubes A may be assisted by the use of a tube supporting sheet J which partitions the con-- denser into approximately equal parts and to a great extent prevents a diagonal flowof steam from the upper warm and to the lower warm end. V

In Fi obtains by the use of a central water inlet K which su plies water to the tubes L at all levels. he same number and length of tubes-L are provided on either side of the inlet K. Since the steam inlet G is located mmetricall with respect to the water inlet and simi ar condensate outlets 0- connected with each other and with similar evacuating apparatus, substantially the same volume'of steam "should pass to each section bfthe condenser. In this embodiment, the

- water outlet headsP are situated at theends of the condenser.

y The embodiment'shown in Figure 3 is one which is designedto produce greater econonly in the watersupply. Here the tubes L are divided into upper and lower levels,

the up er level being provided with a water inlet and the lower level being provided with a water inlet R. Corresponding water outlets S and T are provided for the water supply to the tubes L from the inlets Q and B respectively. The same symmetry of cooling surfaces is found in this arrange ment as is described in connection with Figure 2. The tubes L in the lower level are designed mainly for cooling the condensate and uncondensible gas before its discharge from the condensate outlets Q and when used for thispurpose are not required to absorb as great a quantity of heat as those tubes L in t e upper level. Therefore, water is supre 2, symmetry in the condenser is I lied to the water inlet R at" much less veocity than at the inlet Q. In the upper levels the greater part of the condensation takes place and therefore, in order to pro- .duce less tem erature drop in opposite ends of the tubes. the water is sup ie'd through the mlet- Q at a relatively igh.veloc1ty which in addition to supplying a greater uantity of cooling water assists in agitatflg t e water withinjthe tubesL and breakf- 11) the stream line flow of water causing t 0 metal to water heat transfer to be materially increased.

. Operating conditions may be considerably improved by the use of se arate inlets for upper or lower levels of tu as a ve described, for instance, whentheinle water '18 ve cold as in winter, it may be unnecessary supply any water from the inlet B leaving the entire condensation to be taken care of by the tubes in the upper level without loss of efliciency. 'In summer when the cooling water is not as cold as in winter, it may be desirable to sufiply cooling water from both inlets Q and at their maximum ca acity in order to condense the steam.

claim: I 1 A sin 1e pass surface'o'ondenser, comprising ac mg, water tubes extending into said casing transverse to the direction of ste'ai'n flow, and a central inlet associated with said water tubes for supplying water to said tubes in substantially equal quantities and in opposite directions along said casing.

2. A surface condenser, comprising a'casing, water tubes extending into said casing, two inlets centrally disposed in said casing and arranged to group said tubes in up r and lower levels, each of said water. in ate in equal uantities In testimony whereof I have dpecification.

being adapted tosup 1y water to said tubes owing in opposite di-- rections a; ong said casing and to equal num- I bers of said tubes. J0

sign d this JOHN E. eoonwrLmn k

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