US1619285A - Pump - Google Patents

Description

A. W. BURKS PUMP Original Filed Feb. 14, 1921 Pat nted Mm 1, 1921.

umrsn I srnrss ARTHUR: W. BURKS, OF DECATUR, ILLINOIS.

rumr. I

Applieatienlfiled February 14, 1921, Serial No. 444,830. Renewed January 15, 1927.

This invention relates to pumps, and more particularly, to pumps of the centrifugal type, comprising a-rotor having fluid impelling means, such as a series of blades, operat- 6 ing within a raceway, there being a relatively tight fit between the rotor and the casing to resist the flow of fluid from the raceway.

An object of the invention is to provide a pump having a novel rotor'construction,

l and one in which the relative arrangement l The above-mentioned and other objects of a more minute character, which will become obvious as the description proceeds, are at tained by a construction which comprises a casing having a'raceway open .at one side only, and'into which, through the open side, projects a series of blades adapted to' act; upon' the fluid entering through a suitable inlet opening and-making its exit through an outlet opening also provided. The rotor. is, preferably, arranged in a plane parallel:

to. the plane of the raceway, the blades pro I jecting latera'llyfrom the margin of the re tor through the open side of the raceway into the latter.

.The impelling blades are arranged in an. "annular marginal series upon the disk-' shaped rotor, and each blade is provided with a concave impelling face. Each blade referably, though not necessarily,.

a should,

" project rom the face of the rotor for the same distance throughout its Width.

In order to minimize the loss of power adr jacent the inlet and outlet openings of the V raceway each opening communicates with a,

passageway, the cross-sectional area of each passageway gradually rncreasmg 1n a dlrection away from its opening. The above are the more lmportant and general features with which the invention is characterized, and in the accompanying drawings I have shown a pump in which they are embodied. In these drawings Fig.1 is a front elevational view of the pump, a portion of the same being shown in cross-sectlon, 1 Fig. 2 is a side view with the upper half of the casing and rotor shown in cross-section, Fig. 3 is an enlarged detail view of a portion of a rotor,

vFig. 4 is a view similar to Fig. 3 showing a slightly modified blade construction, and Figure 5 is ,a fragmentary sectional viewtaken longitudinally of the inlet opening.

Referring to the drawings more in detail, 10 indicates a casing section formed with a marginal raceway or chamber 11 having an inlet opening 12 and an outlet opening 13.

The raceway isopen only at one side, 13, this side being open entirely around the race way. A rotor 14 is also located within the casing in a plane paralleling the plane of the raceway, and is formed with a marginal flange 15 from which laterallyproject, away from one face of the rotor, a plurality of spaced blades 16. The blades and flange extend through the open side 13 of the raceway into the latter, andit will be noted that 8 the raceway has an open space surrounding the blades 16. This open space extends from the inlet opening in a clockwise direction (Fig. 1) to the outlet opening 13, Between the outlet openingand the inlet opening the raceway narrows and is of only a sufiicient width to permit the blades and flange to pass between the side walls 11', By thus narrowing the raceway, leakage of the fluid, which has been carried around the raceway to the outlet opening, back to the inlet opening; is prevented. The rotor is fixedly mounted upon ashaft 17 which has bearings in the central portion of the casing section 10, and in a boss 19 of a rear casing section 20. The forward end-of the shaft may be surrounded by a bushing 18', and the rear end of the boss 19 may be closed by a gland nut 21 serving to retain within the boss packing22. The two casing sections may be held I together by any suitable means, such as screws 23'passing through peripheral flanges 1 it will be noted that each blade 16 is formed with a concave impelling face 16' and pro jects from the face of the rotor or flange for the same distance through its entire width. The blades may have the flat end faces 16 shown in Fig. 4, or, if preferred,

these faces maybe curved, as shown in the modified construction of Fig. 3. The blades are arranged in the annular marginal serles in order to travel through the raceway, as

shown in Figs. 1 and 2, and initially engage the fluid as enters the raceway through the mlet opening 12 which directs the fluid at an angle to the face of the rotor and communicates with a passageway formedin a sultable nozzle 26, into which the end of a supply pipe maybe inserted. This passageway gradually increases in cross-sectional area in a direction away from the Inlet opening so that the fluid will have its velocity gradually increased to the Velocity of the fluid Within the raceway, thereby preventing the creation of eddy currents, decreaslng the impact between the entering fluid and the rotor and effectively guarding against other power consuming conditions.

By referring to Fig. 1 it will also be noted that the outlet opening 13 communicates with a passageway 27 in a nozzle 28, this passageway also gradually increasing in cross-sectional area as it leads away from the outlet opening 13. Bythis arrangement the loss of power due to friction at the outlet is prevented, for it will be understood that the fluid leaving the rotor has a very high velocity head which would be quickly lost through the friction if it is not quickly changed to pressure head. By employing the diverging passageway or nozzle shown the high velocity head of the fluid is quickly changed to pressure head with very little loss of total head.

.Another important feature of the invention resides in the relation of the cross-sectional areas of the inlet and outlet openings to the cross-sectional area of the unoccupied portion of the raceway. As will be evident from an inspection of the drawings, the raceway has an open space surrounding the rotor blades, and the cross-sectional area of this open space is the same as the crosssectional area of the inlet and outlet openings, the outlet opening being indicated at 13. That is to say, the area of each opening, is at least equal to the cross sectional are? of the raceway on a radial plane minus the cross sectional area of the space occupied by the ring of blades, whereby the inlet opening is adapted to supply a sufiicient amount of fluid to maintain the raceway at substantially its operating capacity.

In operating this pump, power is applied to the rotor shaft 17 and the rotor is re- 7 volved in a clockwise direction, as viewed in Fig. 1. Fluid entering through the inlet opening 12 is engaged by the blades, generally upon the inner side of the blades, and the centrifugal force immediately results in a tendency to throw the water against the outer wall of the raceway, the centrifugal force being modified by a forward or "tangential force created by the revolution of the rotor. The path actually taken by the fluid is a resultant of these two forces. Each amount of fluid operated upon in this manner, of course, obtains a great increase in velocity. This increase in velocity head of the fluid is immediately imparted in the 35 form of pressure head to the fluid immediately ahead in the raceway, and thedmpartation of power results in an immediate de-' crease in head on the part of the amount of fluid which again is actuated by the-rotor. In passing through the raceway the fluid follows the helical course indicated by the dotted lines in Figs. 3 and 4,;1-1ntil it reaches. the outlet opening, Wheref its very high velocity head is cliange d to pressure head by the diverging nozzle28 above described. The frequency with which the fluidis actuated by the rotor during its passa' ethrough the raceway will vary in accordance-with the back pressure at the outlet, high back pressure at theoutlet tending to lengthen the path of the fluid by increasing the number of times it is subjected to the action of the rotor. This will be more clearly understood by comparison of the dotted-lines 100 shown in Figs. 3 and 4. In Fig. 4 it will be noted that the curves are less sharp and more'gradual than the curves in Fig. 3. In Fig. 4 the dotted lines correspond to the course of the fluid under low back pressure, n the fluid moving a further distance after it is once thrown outwardly by the impeller than in Fig. 3. In Fig. 3 it will be noted that the curves are sharp due to the fact F that the high back pressure prevents fiuld from passing onwardly within the raceway for any considerable distance before it imparts its velocity head to the fluid which has preceded and returns to the rotor for im )ulsion.

n addition to the action of the rotor, the form of the raceway changes the direction of the water and causes it to take the helical path, and if no other force acted to change r its course or reduce itsvelocity, it would again enter the impeller at a point farther ahead in the direction of its rotation, when it would again receive kinetic energy from the action of the impeller. Due to the small friction of the discharge and the friction of the assage through the raceway, in addition to t e head, the pump may be acting against, the water leaving the impeller will encounter a back pressure or pressure head acting in a direction opposite rotation of the impeller. This force tends to 'change the course of the water counter to the direction in Which it is traveling. The water in thus changing its direction givesup its velocity head to the Water just ahead of it in the form of the pressure head. As the Water gives up its velocity head to the water in advance, it is caused, by the several forces mentioned, to return to the impeller to obtain additional velocity, and the path it takes is a helical one.

The Water does not in any substantial or considerable amount pass through the narrow portion of theraceway. Small amounts of the same may return to-the inlet opening, but not in degrees sufficient to affect the operation of the pump.

Although I have described. in detail, a concrete embodiment of my invention, it should be understood that the showing and description is merely illustrative, and not in any sense restrictive of the invention. such modifications being possible without departing from the invention as come within the scope of the following claims.

I claim 1. Apump comprising a rotor having an annular marginal series of blades positioned on a lateral face thereof, said blades having unshrouded ends whereby the spaces between the blades are open at the ends of the blades, and a casing having a fluid raceway enclosing said series of blades, there being a space within the racewa between the ends of the blades and the wa l of the raceway;

2. A pump comprising a rotor having an annular marginal series of blades positioned on a lateral face, thereof, said blades having unshrouded ends whereby the spaces between the blades are open at the ends of the blades, and a casin having a fluid raceway in a plane para leling the plane of the rotor enclosing said series of-blades, there being a space within the raceway between the ends of the blades and the wall of the raceway. p

3. A pump comprising a 'rotor having an annular marginal series of blades positioned on a lateral face thereof, said blades having unshrouded ends whereby the spaces between the blades are open at the ends of the blades, and a casing having a fluid raceway in a plane paralleling the lane of the rotor enclosing said series of b ades. said raceway being closed to the remainder of the rotor, there being a space Within the raceway be tween the ends of the blades and the wall of p the raceway.

4. A pump comprising a rotor having an annular marginal series of blades positioned on a lateral face thereof, said blades having. unshrouded ends whereby the spaces beangle to the face of the rotor, there being a space within the raceway between the ends of the blades and the wall of the raceway.

5. A pump comprising a casing having a circular chamber therein open at one side only, said chamber having an inlet and an outlet opening, and a rotor located in a plane parallel to the plane of said chamber and having a mar inal series of blades extending laterally rom a face thereof into said chamber side opening and closing the latter, there being a space in said chamber surrounding said blades.

' 6. A pump comprising a casing having a narrow annular chamber therein open at one side only, said chamber having an inlet and an outlet, a rotor located in a plane parallel to the plane of said chamber, and a marginal circular series of comparatively small blades extending laterally from a, face of pelling surface.

8. A pump comprising a casing having a narrow annular chamber therein open at one side only, said chamber having an inlet and an outlet, a rotor located in a plane parallel to the plane of said chamber, and a marginal circular series of comparatively small blades extending laterally from a face of said rotor through the side opening into the chamber and closing said opening, said blades being narrower than the chambeinand each blade having a transversely curved concave impelling surface.

9. A pump comprising a disk rotor, a circular marginal series of blades positioned on a lateral face thereof, said blades having unshrouded ends whereby the spaces between the blades are open at the ends of the blades, a circular fluid raceway for said blades, said raceway having an inlet opening and an outlet opening, the ends-of said blades being spaced substantially from the wall of the raceway. V

10. A pump comprising a disk rotor, a circular marginal series of blades positioned on a lateral face thereof, said blades having unshrouded ends whereby the spaces between the blades are open at the ends of the blades, a circular fluid raceway for said blades, said raceway having an inlet opening and an outlet opening, the ends of said blades being spaced substantially from the wall of the raceway, and said inlet opening being adapted to admit fluid at an angle to the face of the rotor.

11. A pump comprising a casing having a chamber therein open at one side only, said chamber having an inlet and an outlet opening, and a rotor located in a plane parallel to the plane of said chamber and having a marginal series of blades extending laterally from a face thereof into said chamber side opening and closing the latter, said inlet and outlet openings each being of an area at least equal to the cross-sectional area of the unoccupied portion of said chamber.

12. A pump comprising a casing having a chamber therein open at one side only, said chamber having an inlet and outlet opening, and a rotor located in a plane parallel to the plane of said chamber and having a marginal series of blades extending laterally from a face thereof into said chamber side opening and closing the latter, said inlet and out let openings each being of an area at least equal to the cross-sectional area of the unoccupied portion of said chamber, and each having a passageway communicating therewith which gradually increases in cross-sectional area in a direction away from its opening.

13. A pump comprising a substantially disc-like rotor, a substantially circular series of blades positioned on a lateral face of said rotor remote from its axis, said blades having unshrouded ends whereby the spaces between t-he blades are open at their ends, a casing for. said rotor having a substantially circu a r fluid raceway into which said bladesproject, said raceway having an inlet opening and an outlet opening and the casing making a substantiall fluid-tight fit with the rotor on opposite sides of the blades, the sealing surfaces of the casing and rotor being at a substantial angle to a plane normal to the rotor axis.

14. A pump comprising a substantially disc-like rotor, a substantially circular series of blades positioned on a lateral face of said rotor remote from its axis, said blades having unshrouded ends whereby the spaces between the blades are open at their ends, a casing for said rotor having a substantially circular fluid raceway into which said blades project, said raceway having an inlet opening and an outlet opening and the casing making a substantially fluid-tight fit with the rotor on opposite sides of the blades, the sealing surfaces of the casing and rotor being disposed at an angle to the lateral face of the rotor, and the walls of said raceway being s aced from the blades whereby there is a substantial cross-sectional area of the racewa unoccupied by the blades.

l5. pump comprising a substantially disc-like rotor, a substantially circular series of blades positioned on a lateral face of said rotor remote from its axis, said blades hav ing unshrouded ends whereby the spaces between the blades are open at their ends, a casing for said rotor having a substantially circular fluid raceway into which said blades project, said raceway having an inlet opening and an outlet opening and the caslng making a substantially fluid-tight fit with the rotor on opposite sides of the blades, the sealing surfaces of the casing and rotor being substantially parallel with the rotor axis, and the walls of the raceway being spaced from the blades at their ends and sides whereby there is a substantial crosssectional area of the raceway at the ends and sides of the blades unoccupied by the latter.

16. A pump comprising a rotor having an annular marginal series of blades and a casing having an annular channel therein forming a raceway for fluid to be impelled by said blades, said casing forming a substantially water-tight joint with the surface of said rotor on each side of said series of blades to form a substantially closed fluid raceway, the sealing surfaces between thecasing and rotor on opposite sides of said series of blades being disposed at angle to the lateral surface of the rotor.

17. A pump comprising a rotor having an annular marginal series of blades and :1. casing having an annular channel therein into which the blades project formin a raceway for fluid to be impelled by said ilades, said casing forming a substantially water-tight joint with the surface of said rotor on each side of said series of blades to form a substantially closed fluid raceway, the sealing surfaces between the casing and rotor on opposite sides of said series of blades subtantially paralleling the rotor axis.

18. A pump comprising a rotor having an annular series of blades remote from its axis and projecting outwardly from the plane of a lateral face of the rotor and a laterally projecting flange on the rotor at the inner ends of said blades providing pump casing sealing surfaces disposed on opposite sides of the blades and subtantially at a right angle to the lateral face of the rotor.

19. A pump comprising a rotor having an annular series of blades remote from its axis and projecting outwardly from the plane of a lateral face of the rotor and a laterally projecting flange on the rotor at the inner ends of said blades providing substantially lmperforate pump casing sealing surfaces disposed on opposite sides of the blades and said rotor having casing sealing surfaces ar- 10 substantially paralleling/ the rotor axis. ranged on radially opposite sides of the 20. A pump rotor comprising a substanseries of blades, said surfaces being disposed tially disc-like element havin a centrally .at a subtantial angle to the lateral face. of 5 disposed axis of rotation ant? an annular \the rotor. d

marginal series of blades projecting out- In testimony whereof I have hereunto set 15 wardl and laterally from the plane of a myhand/ 1 later face of the rotor, and shoulders dis- Jr posed at-theinner ends-of said blades on L W. I

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