US1618865A - Distillation and carbonization retort and process of operating the same - Google Patents

Description

Fai 22 .1927.

F. QUPLAN DISTILLATION AND GARBONIZATI'QN -gsToR'rmp PROCESS 0F 'OPERATING THE SAME Filed ect. 15,1925. :a Snetsnsnet @u @i @a ,a n *'g y; 4 /mn A y, k i

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- F. DUPL'AN@ mswmmmou AND cfmomzmlow- RETQRT nip 'xcss olf alfanum Tur; SAME "Filed oci; .15',{1923 l l ngsngexg-shetvz ber.

Patented Feb. 22, 1927.

UNITED STATES l 1,518,865 PATENT OFFICE.

FRANCIS DUPLAN, 0F ARCUEIL, TRANCE.

DISTILLATION AND CARBNIZATION RETOR'L AND PROCESS OF OPERATING THE SAME.

Application filed October 1'5, 1923, SeralNo. 668,655, and in France October 20, 1922.

The present invention is an improved retort or furnace for the distillation and carbonization Vof all kinds of substances and matters, and an improved process of distillation and carbonization by means of which the evolved vaporsorgases are not only prevented from condensing-inthe heating chamber but are also prevented from being dissociated, decomposed or otherwise injuriously altered during the distillation. Briefly, this is accomplished by making the heat permeability of the to .of the retort chamber such that during he distillation there will be no thermic reaction of the under-surface of the top upon the vapors or fumes given olf by the matter under treatment. In yother words, by supplying heat from below and rapidly carrying off a predetermined amount of heat by radiation through the topy of the heating chamber, the temperature in the upper portion of 'such chamber during the distillation will be maintained at a point which will not cause the gases to condense or to be injuriously affected.

In practicing the invention I make use of a furnace or retort which has a lower Ior body ortion of.v the coke-oven type but which proper loss of heat to accomplish the desired result.v By coke-oven 'type I mean a furnace which has a sole-plate heated only from below and arranged between side walls usually of masonry so as to permit of the minimum loss of heat. yIn the preferred form of top for the heat-ing chamber or retort, I employ spacedmetal plates separated by a predetermined interval which depends upon the temperature to be maintained in the top portion of the heating cham- In such a retort the heat must pass up through the sole-plate, the matter under treatment, the atmosphere of the chamber and the special top before it reaches the outer atmosphere. With a known temperature-at the sole-plate and a known temperature of the external air, the successively deceasing temperatures of they matter under treatment and of the different parts of the retort through which the heat passes, can be readily calculated after the normal rate of operation of the retort has been decided upon. These heat losses depend upon the nature of and upon the thicknessi of the several layers traversed by theheat and they can be calculated in advance by the use of as a special top tol provide for the A the laws for the transmission of heat. If the distance separating the two metal plates forming the top wallof the heating or distillation. chamber is conveniently adjusted, it be easy to obtain for the under sur.- faceof such top wall incontact with the atmosphere of the chamber, the required temperature so that there will be no condensation, dissociation or chemical alteration of the vapors or gases evolving through the distillation, the carbonization or the pyrogenation of the matter under treatment.

The accompanying drawings illustrate a retort which is one of many possible embodiments of the invention, and by means of Which the new process maybe carried out.

F ig. 1 is a longitudinal section taken on line A-A of Fig. 2.

Fig. 2 is across section taken on line B-B of Fig. 1.

In the drawings 1 denotes the heating or distillation chamber which is bounded at its bottom by a sole-plate 2, at its sides by an upright wall 3 and at its top by. a heatdissipating cover preferably composed of arched metal plates 4 and 5 separated by an air space 6. At the front end of the retort wall '3 is an opening 7. for the introduction and removal of the substance or matter to be treated, the latter being placed either directly on the sole-plate or in a suitable receptacle 8 made of metal or other material and supported on the sole-plate. The vapors or gases evolved during the treatment are exhaustedthrough a pipe 9 preferably in the wall 3 at the rear end of the retort.

lVhile the'sole-plate may be heated from4 below by any suitable means, I have illus` trated it heated by the combustion of gases whichare fed through ducts 10 and 11 into channels 12 and 13 provided with burner ports 14: and 15. The latter open into combustion flues 16 that are immediately beneat-h the sole-plate 2. 17 denotes iues for the escape of the products of combustion and 18 air inlet ducts provided in the walls of these flues and `used for the recovery of part of the heat. These ducts 18 are connected with the duct 11 by suitable assages not shown. 19 and 2OI designate sig t-openings provided in the ducts12, land 17.

The upright wall 3 of the heating chamber is preferably composed of cast-iron and is surrounded by a body of sand 21 which in turn is surrounded by brick-work 22 rising from the masonry in which the burners l.. reouperators are mounted shown in The upright Wells ol the retort or thus composed ot' a cust-iron oriion spaced from amasonry outer l rises to a height above the east- 1 ner stall member 3, and the latter vis sectio s. the lower one being' pernd the upper one 25, which spaces top or corel' plates e and 57 heing e and replaceable by another ot n height. The height of this Wall or extension 25 is selected for the of. spacing the plates lf ond 5 apart enter or lesser extent and hence con e heat permeability of the retort ne opening 7 may be closed by a hollow ./.3 whieh may he mounted to slide ioslljf in. suitable guitleivays 24; in the t portion of the side Wall, or otherwise :reel the under taco ot 'the plate 'covered with a refractory coating wn) to prevent the products oi' dis- 'roin coming into Contact with the e .elle the side Walls are preferably made as shown, they may be ot other oonstruo tions, und this is also true ot the special top tor the heating chamber although li prefer .y employ spaced plates 'which are separated 'trom each other bf; an interval whieh will vary aroordingr to the te iperature it is desired to maintain at the top ot the heet t" .ine "l amber. The Space into'frening the if; and 5 may be inerel)y deed or it may contain any at rest i i contirmous eireulation; or it niey be i .tilted with a suitable heat insulating matethat will give the top the desired per ilitr to heat.

' ine; out the new pro-ness, the nce to he treated is placed in the 1 of the l1eetin;. rlsuinber either noon the sole-plaie or in a receprlhe sole-plate heated to temperature armi-ding l l tue nmez.' treatment, and the eglises or 1von oft l'roin the nzateri'il :in` ilnwn of heating; chamber hrough the out-- hereof. Since the heat supplied only )ugh the soloplute it must r' vertieifllif through the retort` and sinre the heat peruit a predetermined. loss of heat by ,rucliatirui` there will he maintained in the top ot the heating' chamber a temperature whieh is between that et which the evolved gases or vapors will he condensed and that i they will be decomposed, Clisso-` at 'wha tion of the retort.

bility ot the top or ooreir is ronde to ciatetl or otherwise injured.' Such temperature 'tor the top of the heatinglr chamber will. ot course, depend upon the material being treated und the distillation products being recovered; but the special top or cover for 70 the heating chamber Will permit of the proper loss ot heat b v radiation so that the dosired temperature is maintained in this por- I thus regulate the tcmperature by the loss of heat through the top 75 ot the retort rather than by regulating' the amount of heat Supplied at the bottom thereot'. .lt will ot course be understood that it the gases tobe recovered are zgiven oli at a cert-ain temperature, it will be necessary to 89 have a higher temperature at the sole-plate or bottom ot the heating chamber in order for the heat to penetrate to the center of the :mass ot material beingf treated, butsince the top ot the heating chamber is cooled by 35 `the radiation of heat through the retort top the gases as they are evolved will rise to zones-ot lower temperature and will not be injuriously affected in their passage to the outlet. 90

l. ln a process of operating a retort, hav ing a distillation chamber with a sole-plate and with a heat dissipating top7 and with r means for' heating said chamber through 9 said sole-plate trom below the same, and in which oarbonaceous material is being" destructively distilled; supplying heat to said. chamber through said sole-plate and reguu lating the loss of heat through said top so A00 that the temperature in the upper portion ot said chamber Will be such that there will not be any-substantial comiensationj dissociation or chemical alteration of the evolved M gases in said upper portion. lo

Q. A distillation and oarbonization retort comprising a soleeplate. heating means beneath the lattersidewalls rising trom'the, solo-plate anti a heat dissipating top forming in connection with the side Walls and soleno plete a heating` chamber, said top including vertically spaced superposecl substantially horizontal plates and means tor varying the rrrtioul distance between the plates to permit ot' a predetermined loss ot heat by ra- 115 diution so that during,r the distillation ot the nmtter under treatment. the portion of the rhauaber immediately beneath said top will he maintained 'at a temperature at which he. will no substantial condensation, 12o di. mation or chemical alteration of the by the heat permeability ofthe retort top may be conveniently adjusted to maintain the underside of the lowexI` plate of the top at such temperature that there will be no substantial condensation. dissociation or chemical alteration of the vapors evolved from the matter under treatment.

together with an louter Wall" around and spaced from the sectional Walland rising to a height above the latter, and a filling of sand between said outer Wall and said seotional Wall.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my invention, I have signed my name.

- FRANCIS DUPLAN.

, upper and lower plates spaced apart by said 4; A structure as specified in claim 3; 10

upper removable section of the Wall, Where-

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