US1600647A - Portable house - Google Patents

Description

N. K.- TEL-sons l PORTABLE nous@ Filed Augst 1s, 1921 l '2 snets-sneet 1 INVENTOR.

sept. 21 ,1926. 1 1,600,647

N. K. TEILBORG PORTABLE HOUSE Filed August 19 1921 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 o Eg. 4.

Patented Sept. 21, 1926. l i.

UNITED sTArEs PATENT OFFICE.

NELS KRISTENSEN TEILBORG, 0F DENVER, COLORADO.

PORTABLE HOUSE.

Application led August 19, 1921. Serial No. 493,743.

Mv invention relates to improvements in portable houses with a new and novel application of panel work, which is assembled and lirinlv held together with new and novel hooking devices. The object of my improvements are: first, to provide a portable house that is strong, durable, simple and inexpensive in construction, neat in appearance, sanitary and comfortable for habitation; second, to provide a portable house adapted to manufacturing, being a house with many of its several parts alike and none of too great dimensions to be easily and conveniently handled either in making, moving or erecting; third, a portable house where windows and doors are interchangeable with each other, and with any other panel in the wall, said windows and doors being provided with frames which keep their original form after repeatedL taking down and setting up of the house, which again insures that doors and windows once fitted in the factory will also fit when the house is erected or re-erected; fourth, an assembling device that is strong, simple and durable, Quick to operate and easy to take apart, and when the house is provided with double panels, is entirely concealed from view and protected. against tampering with.

I attain these objects by the mode of construction, the contrivances and devices illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 is a top view of a 3 X 5 panel portable dwelling, showing the supporting framework with all the details and mostly all'tlie panels eliminated. The dotted lines indicate the rafters and the dashed lines show the similarity in the construction of the roofs for larger and smaller houses constructed in accordance with the invention.

Figure 2 is a perspective view of Fig. l with one corner removed, showing a sectional view taken on the lines 1-t 5 6 3, through the door and on the lines 1 2 3, Fig. 11 being a View of Fig. 10, on the line through the ceiling and the roof. 12 12, illustrating the manner and the l "igiiie is an enlarged transverse secmeans for applying the detachable tie-rod tion of the ridge, on the line 2 3, in Fig. D. Y

1, showing meansv for a detachable connection of the roof rafters to the ridgepole, and also showing detachable ridgeroll and cap and rafter covers, and the means for attaching the same.

Figure t is a transverse section of Fig. 3, on line 7 7, which is a section along the center of the ridge, and on the line 8 8, which is a vertical section through the roof close to the ridge and parallel to the saine.

Figure 5 is a horizontal section 0f the top of the ridgeroll on the line 9 9 in Fig. 3, showing the manner by which the hckRR is permanently secured to the ridgero Figure 6 is a transverse section through one of the roof rafters, as indicated by the line 10 1O in Fig. 3, showing portions of the roof panels as overlapped with a metal. rafter-cover, and in co-operation with Fig. 3 illustrates one of a series of hooks, the said hooks being the means by which the metal rafter-cover is deta-chably secured tothe rafters.

Figure 7 is a top view of the metal plates C2 as shown in Figs. 3 and 4, the said plates being permanently attached to the ridgepole and being parts Of the means by which the rafters are detachably secured to the saine.

Figure 8 is an enlarged fragmentary vertical section on line 2 3, in Fig. l, showing the connection of the wall andthe ceiling to the roof.

Figure 9 is a sectional View of Fig. 8 on the line 11 11, and in co-operation with Fig. 8 illustrates permanent and detachable means for removably connecting the studs, wall plates and ceiling joist to the rafters.

Figuresv 10 and ll are two fragmentary sections taken at right angles to each other, showing one of the various places in the studs, the ceiling or the floor joist, as the case may be, where the tie-rod D is applied,

Figure 15 is a fragmentary top View off the frame work of the roof where the jack rafters -n )ein to the" hip rafters -m-.

. This View is seen from a point perpendicular t'o the hip rafter.

Figure 1.6'. is a sectional view of Fig. 15 taken on line 16h-16. The said figure in co-operation with Fig. 15 showsthe means for a detachable connection of' the sain parts.

FigureV 17 is a side view detail of a detacha-ble hooking device, as employed to firmly and. removably connect the various parts of' the framework.

Figure 18 is an undersi-de view of F 17 as. seen from the location of Fig. 18.

Figure 19' is two detail views of a steel pin, being one-of the several used to receive the hooks A as shown in F 1T. rllhe said form of pin isr used where the framework is heavy enough to allow ample hearing, witliont project-ing through. the wood, as shown inJ Figs.. 12 a-nd 16.-.

Figure 2O is three detail views of a steel rpin-used tov receive the hooks B and C. rlhe said pin differs from the pin shown in F ie 1'9- in that it projects through the frainewo so'V as to he. given all the hearingpossihle, indicated. in Fig. 9.

Figure 21 is a. detail side and edge View of; one end of' the..tierod D.,

Figure4 22 illustrates the manner in which theL tie-rod B is attached, when, as occasionally required, the keyway is at right angles tothe tie-rod r strap B.

Figure 23 is two side views: of the key E2" as shown in Fig; 22.

Figure 24 is a fragmentary detail of a v floor panel showing the construction of the same in connection with a small". portion of the silll bf-a Similar characters of reference, refer to similar parts throughout the several views, small letters indicate the wood and the composition, capital" letters indicate metal and numerals indicate sections.

As leforev stated, this' building is construc-tedl with a. supportinor framework in which *a*- and ZJ-f designate the sills, -cfthe floor jhist, efand. -f the studs, and -Z'- the wall' plates, 2' the ceiling joist, -m-, nand -0- the rafters, and -pthe ridgepole; each and every piece forming the said framework are provided with the proper channels and bets to receive the various panels, the windows and the doors, as required, to enclose the building; the said `framework is also provided with shallow grains and mating grains and shallow mortises and tenons, as the case requires, to insure perfect alignment and the proper spacing; the said inortises and grains in co-operation with the detachable assembling'device,.which forms part of this invention `and is hereinafter fully described, insures a rigid, close huiiing and detachable assembling of the various parts of the framework.

rllo utilize all the advantages of the invention, it is well to adhere to some standard width of the panels, say 2 ft. G in., and have rflic said standardized spacing is also maintained throughout the floor, the ceiling and' the roof, as plainly illustrated in Fig.. 1.

l prefer to construct the. house with a square roof; in other words, a roof sloping from all four.` sides to an apex or short ridge in the center. This style of roof' will require a. level wallpla'te on all four sides of 'the building and allow all wall.; studs to he of equal length and all' the wall. panels regular and ident-icali n form.

rllhe studs whichA form part of the snpporting framework serve also as side jaml'is for windows and doors and differ in tee regular studs in the manner of groov 0' and rabbeting, which must conform to the requirement of each particular jamo. The studs prepared for jamhs are also provided with shallow mortises to receive corresponding tenons, as provided on the ends of the headers andthe sills, as required to com` plete the frame. ln case of the door frame, theA sill is a threshold {it-ting down on the top of the sill -aor --Zm and on its under side is providedwith tongues co1'- responding to the grooves on the top side of the sill, as shown in F' 2. Both sides of the same stud may be pi'. 'i red as a amb,

thus forming a` division iamli het r n window and erdoor, or between two windows or two doors, thus allowing adjacent panels to contain windows and doors, andthe limit of windows comfort and 'the insi-de appearance and the sanitary properties of the building, and also entirely concealsthe assembling devices.

A baseboard and a chair rail may be produced by inserting pieces in the inner wall panels, as shown in Fig. 2 at -gand j-, -Q- being the baseboard and is provided with a groove on the top edge to receive the panel -L- and a tongue on each end and the lower edge, corresponding and fitting into the grooves in the studs and the sill. -y'-, as shown in Fig. 2, is applied as a chair-rail. It is provided with a groove on each edge to receive the panels ftand a tongue on each end fitting into the grooves in the studs. Said pieces may also be used in the ceiling panels -wd and lower floor panels -fvfor dividing said panels into shorter lengths.

The floor is constructed of a plurality of right-angular panels, which are supported on and between the floor joist c2- and the sills -aand -band detachably fitted into a combination rabbet and groove, as shown in Fig. 24. The rabbet provides bearing for the floor panels, and the groove in the lower part of the rabbet insures perfect alignment between the floor panel and the top of the floor joists and the sills.

The floor panels -clare constructed of ordinary tongued and grooved flooring boards running crosswise of the pan-el, and are assembled into a semi-permanent panel by means of two light metal rods, one near each end of the llooring boards, as indicated in Fig. 2 and shown in detail in Fig. 24, and extending through the same the full length of the panel. One end of said rod is provided with an ordinary bolthead and the other end is provided with a long tubular screwnut. Each end is provided with countersunl: washers, as shown in Fig. 24. N indicates the rod, N1 the screwnut, and N2 the washer.

I prefer to make the before stated tubular screwnuts of a metal that does not rust onto the rod, thereby providing a means by which, if the flooring boards shrinks'and becomes open in the joints, an ext-ra or wider piece of flooring boards may be inserted in the panel, restoring the same to its original and proper length.

The before stated construct-ion of a floorpanel provides a means for assembling the various pieces of flooring-boards in close contact and perfect alignment into a panel, without the cumbersome and ungainly use of nails and wood-screws and the bul-ky construction with cleats, and still retaining its full strength.

A double flooring with an encaged airspace may be produced by grooving the floor joist and the sills, as shown in the drawings and inserting the panels -v-, Fig. 2. Said encaged airspace and lower panel will add greatly to the protection against cold and dampness coming through the floor. g

The construction of the ceiling is similar to the construction of the floor. In fact, the panels -oand the grooves provided for the same are identical to the ceiling panels --fw-. The end of the ceiling joist is fitted onto the wall plates, as shown in Fig. 8.

The roof is constructed by detachably assembling the rafters to the wall platesand the ridge pole and the jack rafters to the hip rafters, as .shown in Figs. 8, il, 7, 8, 9, 15, and 16, forming a plurality of regular and irregular openings (see Fig. 1) bound on the three sides by the raft-ers and ridgepole and left open at the lower ends or the eaves.

Corresponding panels are provided for said opening detachably fitted into a properly prepared rabbet or groove, as the case may require for the various materials which may be used for the roof panels, such as sheet metal, or, as shown in the accompanying drawings, a two-ply veneer covered with roofing paper. All edges of said panels except the eaves are provided with a declivity as shown in Figs. 4 and 6, where 81 is a triangular strip forming the declivity, s2 a double-ply veneer and 83 a roofing paper glued onto the wooden panelv with roof cement. For those roof panels rabbets are provided in the rafters as shown in Fig. 8. To secure aforesaid panels from sliding down off of the roof a series of notches are formed. along the edges of the panels to receive corresponding blocks provided in the rabbet. One of said blocks is illustrated in Figs. 8 and 9 at o. The exposed top edges of the rafters and the ridge pole are covered with various detachable metal caps, which overlap the declivity on the edges of the roof panels suf ficient to insure the roof against leaking.

The metal cap E, as shown in Figs. 8 and '6, is an angle shaped metal strip extending over the full length of the rafters. 1t is used to cover all common rafters -0- and all hip rafters -n-, and is detacha'oy secured to said rafters by means of a series of hooks El, Figs. 2, 3, 6, which are permanently attached to E and extends downwards into corresponding apertures pre pared in the rafters. Said apertures are transversely penetrated by metal pins E2, 4over which the hooks El are hooked by producing` a sliding motion of the cap` E down towards the cave, thereby forcing the cap E in close contact against the roof pan-els, which in turn are firmly secured against the rabbets in the rafters, thereby forming` a de tachable rigid and weather-proof joining of the roof panels and the rafters. l

To further the downward sliding motion of the cap E, as being attached to the rafter, a lever, the point of which is shown at E in Fig. 8, may be applied against the lower end of the rafter, using an aperture in the lower end ofthe cap E as a fulcrum.

The cap F,.l3`ig.,-l-,v as required to cover the hip rafters, is similar inform and manner Contact against the roof panels.

The ric ge roll R is detachably secured to the ridgepole pby a eries of hooks El permanently secured to the ridge roll and extending downy through corresponding apertures in cap H into apertures in the top edge of the ridgepole. Said apertures are transversely penetrated by metal pins .R2 onto which t-he hook 1s secured by a sliding motion. of the ridgeroll R (see rigs. 3,

H 4 and 5).

The ridgeroll R is divided in its center intotwo pieces, each piece being attached to the ridgepole by a leading motion towards' the center, as indicated by dotted lines at F1" and R, Fig.v t. rihe combined length of the two pieces of the ridgeroll is some greater than the required length, allowing` the joint in the centery to overlap and through the webb of the overlappedv parts an aperture is provided, as shown at L, Fig. il. Through said aperture a padlock may be applied, which insures they ridgeroll, as well as the previous parts of the house, against being taken apart without using violent means.

All the framework of this portable house is firmly and detachably assembled by the use of detachable metal hooks, which are a-pplied in corresponding apertures in the framework, and firmly hooked over metal pins transversely penetrating said apertures.

I prefer to carry out this part of my invention` in the manner shown in Fig. 1.7, where A indicates the hook, A1 a cross section of the pins, A2 a key for bringing the hook into final position, and -ais a small portion of the sill. -awith the aperture required to receive the hook. laid onen. The hook A is made of a metal plate shaped as shown in the drawings. rlhe hook A is applied. to the pin A1" in aby inserting it into the aperture in the position indicated in the dotted lines and marked A then bringing the hook forward until it is proping the hook from disengaging itself from responding notch provided for it in the topi edge of the hook A, and the face of the key is fulcrumed against the pinV A1, and with pressure applied to the handle of the key A2 a leverage is produced with a tendency to shorten the distance over the two pins fil and A1". The face of the key is shaped to. such an angle that a sliding motion of the key occurs on the pin A1 as the leverage is applied, which continuously keeps the lower edge of the hook A. touching against the pin A1, thus enteringfthe hook onto the pin A1 as the distance over the two pins is shortened, and a swinging motion of thev key from position ft2' to i2 will force the hook into final position and will form a rigid joint of the pieces thus assembled, as shown in Figs.y 152.,

and 11i, which again may easily be released by applying a bar, as shown in Fig. 14.

Fig. i8 is an underside view of the key A2 applied to the hookA, further illustrating the construction of. the key A2.

llo overcome slight variations in the distance over the pins A1" and. A1, Fig. 17, which may originate in the workmanship or come about by shrinking or swelling of the wooden framework, as exposed toy various degrees of dampness in the atmosphere and by use and wear, the pins A1 are provided with a slit through their central parts, as illustrated at A1' in Fig. 19, thus forming a spring on the side of the pin where the pressure of the hook is applied and still leaving the ends of the pin solid and rigid..

The pin A1 is illustrated in Fig. 19 is used where the framework is heavy enough to secure ample bearingV without the pinV having to extend through the wood, as shown in Figs. l2, 14 and 15. rlhis pin A1 is provided with a cross chisel point, which driven into the wood will prevent the pin A1 from working loose or turning around'.

rlhe pins B1 and C1, as in Figs. 3,. 8 and 9, require to project clear through the framework so as to get all the bearing possible- The details of those pins as illustrated in Fig. 20, where i -1' indicates the slit,.which is identical for purpose and in construction to the slit in pin A1, as previously described, to prevent the pins B1 and C1 from turning or working loose. A triangular slit is provided in the ends of the pins, corresponding to and to receive a wedge, as shown at B1", Fig. 20. rihe length of the wedge is somewhat greater than the diameter of the pin and the protruding ends` are driven into the surrounding wood. rThe end of the pin is then slightly riveted over the back of the wedge to prevent the wedge from working out. This wedge in turn prevents the pin from turning around or working out.

The pins D1 as used for securing the strap D are solid and elasticity is procured by corrugating the strap D, as illustrated in Fig. 21. The key for applying the strap D is identical in form and manipulation to .the key A2 in Fig. 17, only the handle needs to be at a different angle to the face of the key, as the keyway is at a different angle to the strap D than to the hooks A, B and C.

In some cases, as in the sills yand the corner studs, a keyway at right angles to the sideV of the strapl D is required in order to keep the said keyway inside of the building and concealed between the inner and outer panels, and a dierent key is required, as illustrated in Figsll and 22, where e indicates the keyway. In Fig. 22 is illustrated in detail the key required and the manipulation of the same. The first position is indicated by dotted lines as D and D2, and with a swinging motion of the key the-strap D is secured on the pin D1, as yindicated in full lines. Fig. 23 shows two side views of the key and part of the handle. I prefer to make this key double, as illustrated, so it may be used both right and left.

The hook A with the pins A1 as illustrated in Fig. 17 is used yfor detachably assembling vthe sills fato the sills 6 and the floor joist to the sills czand the lower ends of the studs -eand -fto the sills c and as shownV in Figs. 12, 13 and 14, and for assembling the ackrafters --n-r to the hip rafters fmas in Fig. 15.

The hooking device B is employed to detachably assemble the studs, the wallplates and the ceiling joist to the rafters, as shown in Figs. S and 9, and differs in construction from the pin A1", as follows: Two metal straps B3 are permanently secured by a rivet B4 to the studs jfand -e-f, Figs. 8 and 9. The straps B3 are secured one on each side of the studs and extend above the top end of the same sufficiently to penetrate the wall plates -cand land to receive a loosepin- B2. The hook B, which is similar in shape and identical in manipulation to the hook A, is applied to the loosepin B2 and hooked with the key A2 onto the pin B1.

rIhe hooking device C, as employed to detachably assemble the rafters to the ridgepole, Figs. 3 and 7, differs from the hook A as follows: Plates C2, provided with apertures to receive the hooks, are permanently secured to the ridgepole by pins G2, Figs. 3 and 4. The required shape of the plates C2 differs as shown at Fig. 7. The plate at the left is used where two rafters meet one lon each side of the ridgepole and the plate at the right where ve rafters meet at one point at the apex, as indicated on Fig. 1, where two hiprafters and three common rafters meet atthe ridge. The hook C, which is similar in shape and identical in manipulation to hook A, 'is hooked onto the plate C2 and with the key A2 is secured on the pin C1.

The strap D is employed as a tie-rod to secure the center of the spans firmly together and extends continuously Athrough the studs, the floor joist and the ceiling joist, as shown in Figs. 10 andv 11, and terminates at the sills -bF or the corner studs '-'e, Figs. 1 and 2. The rstrap D is also employed as a means for detachably assembling the windows and door frames, as shown at Fig. 2, y

byA applying a strap D directly over the header and below the sill. The strap D is also used as a cornerbrace on top of the wall plates -cand -Z-, as shown on the lower lefthand corner of Fig. 1. v

For the various panels, not otherwise hereinbefore described, and which form no part of my invention, any panel material may be used, such as several-ply veneer, sheet metal, or paper pulp and composition products; for outside wall panels a weather-proof material must be used;

I amV also aware that a panel fitted into grooves or rabbets and the use of the mortises andthe tenons are well known and also the use of incased airspaces is well known and used for frame houses, portable and otherwise. Likewise, double paneling is well known and is used for various purposes, and none of the before stated features form a Vpart of my invention.

I am also aware that prior to my invention, portable houses have been constructed with detachable assembling devices, panels and double walls, and I do not claim such combination broadly; but

I claim 1. In combination an assembling device adapted for detachably assembling abutting framework particularly in a structure of the eh'aracter described, said assembling device consists of slitlike apertures one in each of the abutting parts of said framework, circular pins having a longitudinal slit in their central parts transversely penetrating said apertures, a detachable hook disposed on said transverse pins, said detachable hook being a stamped metal plate adapted to freely enter said apertures in aforesaid framework and provided with hook-shaped notches at or near each end adapted for hooking engagement on said transverse pins, additional notches are formed near and on one end adapted to receive a handlever.

2. In combination a floor construction adapted for a structure of the character described comprising` supporting longitudinal beams and crossbeams, slitlike apertures formed in each end of said crossbeams Yand corresponding apertures spaced along the inner edges of aforesaid longitudinal beams, pins transversely penetrating each of said apertures, a detachable hook adapted to freely enter aforesaid slit'lik'e apertures disposed on each pair of said transverse pins, panel disposed vin rabbets and grooves as provided on "the edges of said supporting beams all substantially as described. 8. A steel pin with a slit along its central part and a triangular slit in one end to receive a Wedge, a Wedge to conform to the slit in the end of the pin, and attached tothe pin by riveting the end of said -pin over the back of the Wedge, all substantially as set forth.

et; A detachable hook, adapted to be Vengaged as asupporting stress brace, such ras-a sectional tierod, corner braces, and a means for assembling Window and door frames in a structure ofthe character described, said detachable hook consisting of a stamped metal plate or strip, 'provided With 4hookvshaped notches a't each 'end and a series of lateral corrugates on its central part, as set forth.

5.' Inl combination, a detachable structure comprising a detachable roolf, roof panels provi-ded with declined edges disposed on vsupporting rafters, a seriesof apertures provided in the upper ledges of said rafters and Aspaced along y'the saine, pins transversely penetra-ting said apertures, a Vdetachable sheet metal ra-fter cover extending the full 30 length of each of the various rafters but project-ing laterally beyond said rafters 'thereby 'overlapping the declined edges of the lroof panels, a .series 'of hooks permanently attached on the under side of said recaen rafter cover 'and spaced to conform to afore- 'said pins and apertures in the krafters .and attached on 'the saine with a downward, sliding` mot-ion, all substantially` as set forth.

6. In combination a detachable roof havey ing supporting rafters jand ridge poile, rabbets in top edges of said rafters :and ridge pole, panel disposed :in said 'rabbets between each pair of 'adjacent raftersfslieetanetal raftercovers disposed on .top edge 'of each of said rafters,'a ysheet 'metal'r'idge cover disposedontop ofthe .ridge extending laterally and longitudinally beyond thesides and ends of aforesaid ridge pole,"t"lius overlapping all upper end of Aaforesaid panels and rafte'r covers, s'litlilre apertures spaced along the center of said ridge -cover and corresponding apertures spaced along` in the top edge of aforesaid ridge pole, circular pins trans'- versely penetrating said apertures in said ridge pole, a ridgeroll `comprising two or more pieces in length with overlapping joints, each. piece being 'provided with 'a :series of 'downward extending hooks corresponding to the transverse pins in said ridge pole and attached on thesame With'a sliding motion toward the center, an aperture through tlie overlapping part of :said ridge- 'roll adapted to receive a padlock or like locking device, rall substantially asset lforth. l'n testimony whereof 'l have signed my name to this specification.

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