US1600009A - Phonograph - Google Patents

Description

Sept. 14 1926.

A. E. os'wALD PHONOGRAPH Filed March 20, 1922 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 w a a ha w I & %/6ZM a I I y We},

' Sept. .14, 1926.

' 1,600,009 A. E. QSWALD PHONOGRAPH Filed March 20, 1922 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Affor Patented Sept. 14, 1926.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ALFRED E. OSWALD, OF BOGOTA,

NEXV JERSEY, ASSIGNOR TO UNDERWOOD TYPE- WRITER COMPANY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION OF DELAWARE.

PHONOGRAPH.

Application filed March 20, 1922'. Serial No. 545,118.

This invention relates to phonograph mechanism, and although certain of its features may be utilized in different ways, still one of the primary objects of the invention is to provide improved means for inexpensively driving a phonograph disk, without great initial cost, thereby avoiding the necessity of repeated rewinding of a record-driving spring.

The largest cost item in the ordinary mechanism is the driving spring, which, owing to the need of driving many records at one winding, has to be a s ring of relatively great length, or one aving many windings, and in which the difference in power when the spring is fully wound as compared with its power when it is unwound, has to be compensated for, usually by the employment of objectionable friction devices. Other phonograph tables have been operated by costly line-circuit motors, which, however, have not proven satisfactory, especially in circuits where there is powerful governor mechanism, which, of necessity, was lavish 1n the use of friction in attempting to control the speed of the record, but with unsatisfactory results. The main driving power of the phonograph is therefore one of several substantial elements for attention in taking the necessary joint steps to produce an organization capable of accomplishing the purpose in hand.

In the novel organization in its preferred form, power is derived from a few dry cells of ordinary type, and one of the problems solved by the invention is that involved in providing for a relatively large number of records to be played by the current supplied by said dry cells before they are exhausted, so that the cost of driving each record may be so small as to be negligible. Since the record table must rotate at constant speed, there is employed in the novel organization a motor that operates at constant speed, thatis, the motor has such a design that it operates with a shunt characteristic; said motor being included in a constant otential circuit.

One 0 the elements in the organization is a motor having a permanent magnet, whereby the current commonly consumed the field windings of record-driving motors is saved, this substantial saving being an important element in contriving to accomplish the stated work with the limited source of power. Since the four-cell battery usually furnishes a current of six volts, but few inexpensive windings are required for the revolving armature or rotor of the motor. A drum armature may be employed, and the motor operates at constant speed, similar to a shunt wound motor. The motor consumes more current as the load upon the motor increases.

The present novel organization combines with the few dry cells, delivering a weak current, a reeorddriving motor which consumes but little current and delivers but little power, together with provision for securing uniform movement of the record in such a manner that so little power is consumed that the organization is rendered practicable or feasible; a weak motor, driven by a weak current, and consuming but little power, is enabled to drive a relatively enormous number of records (or a single record an enormous number of times) in proportion to the cost of the dry cells.

On the point of uniformity of record speed, it is noted that one of the troubles experienced in driving records, is that fluctuations in speed alter the pitch of the music, which is highly undesirable, and particularly objectionable when the record is playing a sustained note. It has been attempted to secure uniformity by the use of centrifugal governors, which, by means of brakes, retard the record tables; but the friction caused by said brakes very great, and hence power is consumed to such a degree as would prohibit the use of said few dry cells, whose output of power is necessarily weak. Of the power usualiy consumed in driving a phonograph, probably eighty per cent is required for the governor mechanism alone.

One of the features by the aid of of which uniformity or smoothness of movement 0 the record is secured and an even pitch maintained, in the present organization, to avoid the necessity of placing the main reliance upon power-consuming friction de vices, resides in the use of a weighted rim for therecord table, which, by reason of its momentum, is a substantial factor in avoiding or minimizing fluctuations of the record speed.

Because of joint savings effected in the power consumed, it is rendered practicable to en'iploy a permanent friction device, preferably engaging the record table shaft, for the purpose of increasing the load 011 the motor, this friction load remaining con stant during fluctuations in the work performed by the record upon the needle, so that the fluctuations in the total load are rendered relatively unimportant, and the motor is thereby enabled to revolve with the required uniform speed. The necessity is avoided of depending solely upon the constant speeu value of the electric motor and the friction of the moving parts, as such friction could not be depended upon to remain constant. The power required to overcome this constant frictional load may be several times great as that consumed by the friction of the needle upon the record; but it is only a small fraction of the power hat would be consumed by a centrifugal riction governor- Another aspect of the problem involves the necessity of providing for manual regulation of the speed of the record. For this purpose there is usually employed a frictional brake, its friction being manually diminished in order to permit the record to run faster, and beingincreased in order to slow down the record. Such regulating means therefore constitutes a large and important power-consinning element, and forms an ohjection which heretofore would have been regarded as insuperable to the successful and inexpensive operation of records by means of a few dry cells.

The present organization includes, as one important element, a novel 1 eans for regulating: the speed of the record; this being accomplished in such a manner that the necessity of using friction is eliminated. This important saving; of power, jointly with other savings, renders it feasible to use as few as four dry cells to drive the records. The field magnet of the motor is provided with an iron keeper or stationary armature, and provision is made for adjusting this keeper relatively to the poles of the magnet, thcrc-oy to control the power delivered by the motor. By turning a linger-piece, the l.'ce or may be adjusted nearer to the poles of the field magnetand the power of the motor increased,- whereby by a reverse adjustment, the power of the motor may be diminished. Thus regulation of speed is secured without employmentof any friction device, and therefore without placing any load upon the motor for this purpose. coir (C settled practice in phonographs. if desired. a saving may also be effected by automatically reducing the power delivered by the motor and the current consumed thereby, as the tone-arm swings from the periphery towards the center of the record. This not only effects a saving of power, but also tends to uniformity of pitch tlu'oughout the playing of the record. The tone-arn'i, in the preferred form oi. producing this featine of improvement, is con ncctcd to the stationary armature or keeper of the field magnet in the motor, so that as the tone-arm swings from the periphery towards the center, said keeper or armature is automatically adjusted away from the poles of the motor field magnet. Hence. when the needle is traversing the outer portion of the record, the motor is more powerful than when the needle is traversing the inner portion of the record, whereby the energy of the motor is conserved, and uniformity of pitch of the music is aided.

By means of suitable connections. said keeper may, if desired, be manually adjusted without intcrferiin; with the automatic oper ation of the keeper by means of the [one arm; or, in other words, the adjustment of the keeper by the tone-arm, at each stroke of the latter. may be substantially the same, regardless of the position to which the keeper be manually adjusted, within a certain i nge. Provision may also be made for ei'i'ecting an adjustment of the connection of the tone-arm to the keeper, to adjust the latter for shorter or longer movement during the stros-Ie of the tone-arm, as may he required. m

The motor should run at constant speed throughout the operation of the record. It will he understood that the motor, operating at the same speed, with a weake' field, by adjusting the keeper nearer the pole pieces, will consume more current and thus may be considered more powerful, therefore giving a tendency of the motor to rotate at an increased speed. This is the case when the needle is traversing the outer portion of the record, requiring more power to operate- On the other hand the motor. operating at the same speed, with a stronger field. by adjusting the keeper away froin the pole pieces, will consume less current and thus be considered less powerful, then-fore griving a tendency of the motor to rotate zit a decreased speed. This is the case when the needle is traversing the inner portion of the record, thus requiring less power to operate.

Other features and advantages will hereinafter appear. H

In the accon'ipanying drawings.

Figure 1 is a part-sectional plan of a phonograph embodying the novel organization.

Figure 2 is a of the same.

Figures 3 and 4 are fragmentary diasectional central elevation ill grams of the mechanism whereby the tonearm effects to-andfro movements of the keeper or stationary armature of the motor magnet.

Figure 5 is a sectional view of a joint whereby the keeper mechanism may be adjustably connected to the tone-arm.

Figure 6 is a view similar to Figure 3, but showing the tone-arm near the end of its inward stroke and the keeper as having moved correspondingly away from the tield ot' the motor for weakening its power.

Figure 7 is a diagram of another adjuster for the keeper.

Figure 7 is a brushes.

Figure 8 illustrates how the tone-arm may be otherwise made to control the power of the motor.

Figure 9 shows still another motor control efiected by the tone-arm. In Figures 8 and 9 the tone-arm is connected to cut in more and more resistance as the tone-arm moves towards the inner end of its stroke; these devices being useful for motors supplied by a line current.

A record is indicated at 10 as resting upon a table 11, the latter having a central vertical spindle 12 which is provided at its lower end with a point 13 to rest in. a step in a reinforced bar 14, which, together with hangers 15, 16, forms a bracket having ears 17, attached by screws 18 to the top 19 of a phonograph stand or box. A cross-bar 20, having an upper bearing 21 for the spindle 12, is secured to the bracket, being confined between the cars 17 and the top 19. Felt washers 22 and felt bushings 23 absorb the noise. The record-spindle is driven by a motor, which is designated generally as 24 and comprises ashaft 25, which may be stepped at 26 into the supporting bar 14., and at its upper end may work in a fixed yoke 27, carrying a pinion 28 in mesh with a gear 29 on the record-spindle 12. The motor comprises a rotor or revolving armature 30, connected by leads 31, 32 to preferably tour dry cells which may be in series; the circuit being controllable bya switch 3 1.

One of the motor brushes may be a low resistance graphite carbon brush 344. Figure 7*. for lubricating the commutator, and the other may be a soft copper gauze brush diagram of the motor- 3 1", to prevent the commutator from becoming gununed up should some oil get on the commutator. The frictional load of the brushes upon the commutator may thus be kept at a practically constant value, and the brush and commutator noise may be kept at a minimum. It may be explained that if two carbon brushes were used, and oil should get on the commutator, as it usually does, then the commutator would become gummy, causing a variable frictional load between the brushes and commutator. lVIoreover, this gumming would cause an electrical resistance between the commuat-or and the brushes. These conditions would interfere with the result in the record table not rotating at a constant or uniform speed. The two carbon brushes would also be objectionable because the voltage is low, and the watts consumed by the motor are also low, as tempered to the common types of motors used for such work.

The use of two copper gauze brushes would be objectionable, because they produce a scratchy sound upon the commutator, especially when it is dry and not lubricated.

One of the oint steps whereby the mechanism is built up to eitlect the operation of a large number of records by means of relatively insignificant battery power, is the provision for the elimination of the wind ings which are usually employed for the field ot a motor. There is employed for the field a permanent magnet 35, which needs no windings and therefore consumes no current. Said yoke 27 may be attached by screws 36 to the pole pieces of said perma nent magnet.

Another ot the joint elements oi the organization for accomplishing the aforesaid purpose, is provision for a substantial re duction in power-consuming triction commonly employed insecuring a smooth running of the record table. To conduce to such smooth running, there is employed a weight or fly-wheel 37 in the term of a heavy rim pendent the record table- 11 and preferably integral therewith. This rim, by reason of its moi'nentum, conduces substantially to evenness or running of the table, and hence to the proper maintenance of. the pitch of the music produced by the record thereon. There may also be used a smaller fly-wheel 3'7 on the motor shaft; and if desired the table weight 37 may be omitted in some cases.

Another of the ointelements making up the novel organization is in the nature of a friction device for guarding against instability or fluctuation of speed of the record that would be caused by fluctuations in the amount of work to be performed by the needle 38 carried by the tone-arm This provision is in the form of a continuously operating weak brake designated generally as 410 and engaging the table spindle 12. This brake may comprise levers 41, pivoted together at i1 between their ends, and hav ing at one end a spring 42 which tends to pinch the other ends of the levers upon the spindle 12, to cause friction; the inner ends of the levers being provided with durable noiseless felt or other friction pads The brake spring 42 is adjustable by a screw at.

practical operation and This brake may be self-supporting upon the shaft, and may constitute an arm which the shaft presses or swings against the stationary hanger 15, whereby the brake is restrained from rotation. lVhile this brake consumes but little power, still it adds definitely to the load on the motor, and renders the total load so much that the fluctuations in the work performed by the record, or due to variations in friction at the motor brushes, and at the various bearings, are made relatively small in proportion to such total, and hence fluctuations in speed from these sources are reduced to an unobjectionable point. It will be noted, however, that this slight friction may be the only special friction used throughout the recorddriving mechanism. The organization is therefore distinguished substantially from the prior art, wherein it is common to use friction in so many ways and to such an extent in attempting to control the record speed that it is regarded as prohibitive of the use of a weak battery for commonly operating rec: ords.

In order to effect a further reduction in the cost of current, or in order to lengthen the life of the battery, the friction on the record table shaft may be reduced to such a point, for instance, that the rate of rotation for the turn-table at start may be 78 revolutions per minute, while, at the end of the playing, it may rise to 80 R. P. M., an increase of 2 ll. P. M. Now considering that an ordinary disc record, say a 10-inch record, requires about 3 minutes to play, and that the increase in speed of 2 R. P. M. is spread over a period of 8 minutes, then it will be seen that this condition will be practical for nearly all purposes, and the variation of speed will not be noticeable. This can be done when it is desired to get the most use from the battery, because under such conditions less current will be consumed. It is true that dry batteries polarize, but for this particular use where a small current is used and then only intermittently, such polarization is not objectionable, especially if a high-grade battery, such as used for gas-engine ignition, is used.

hen

a battery gets old or is nearly exhausted,

the voltage will have a tendency to drop, due to the higher resistance of the cells and also to polarization. This characteristic may be compensated for by turning screw H to loosen the tension on the friction clip on the record-table shaft. If such frictional resistance was entirely re leased, then the turntable would have a tendency to rotate faster as the needle neared the center of the record; on the other hand, if the battery is nearly exhausted, the motor will have a tendency to drive the turn-table more slowly as the needle approaches the center, due to the polarization of the different dry cells and the drop in voltage resulting therefrom. Therefore, by proper adjustments, a compromise can be made to exist, one condition balancing the other.

Another of the joint steps taken in bringing the mechanisn'i to the point where it will do the required work at the required low cost, resides in effecting regulation of the speed of the motor in a manner to dispense with the power-consuming friction devices heretofore employed; and to secure such regulation without consuming any electrio power. The necessary regulation of speed may be effected by means of a permanent armature or keeper 4:5 co-operating with the field magnet 35; and the regulation may consist in merely adjusting said keeper relatively to the poles of the field magnet, preferably towards and from said poles. One way of effecting this adjustment is to pivot the keeper or stationary armature at 46 upon an arm l? formed upon yoke 27 so that the keeper may swing towards and from the magnet poles. It may, however, swing in some other direct-ion, within the scope of the invention. Manual adjustment of the keeper may be effected by regulating screw 48, threaded into a bracket 49 rovided upon the top 19, said screw )earing against an index arm 50, which is bent down to pass through an aperture 51 in said top 19 and is pivoted at 52 upon the bracket or arm ell.

Said index arm is prolonged at beyond its pivot, and connected by a linkage 54, 55 to the free end of keeper the linkage being pivoted thereto at 56. A spring 57 attached to arm holds the same constantly against the end of the adjusting screw 4:8, and tends to move the keeper 4.5 towards the poles of the magnet to strengthen the motor. The lever 50, 53 is therefore movable in one direction by the spring and in the other direction by the screw 48, so that any desired power of the magnet may be secured. Thus the speed of the recordtable may be regulated, without the neccssity of using up current for overcoming the constant opposition of the usual friction regulator.

From the foregoing it will be evident that the work to be performed by the motor is rendered substantially uniform, and the speed of the record is kept uniform and the pitch maintained, and the speed is subject to regulation. and all practically without the employment of poweuconsuming friction devices.

It will be understood that when the keeper is nearest to the magnet, a good deal of magnetism will go through the keeper, producing a weak field to act upon the motor armature, which will have a tendencv to rotate flStQ-l. lVhen the keeper is moved lit) from. the permanent magnet, more or the magnetism from the permanent magnet will act upon the motor armature, wh", 1h will have a tendency to rotate more slowly. This keeper produces speed changes upon a principle that applies to any direct current motor, that is, if the field is weak ened the armature and must rotate faster in order to produce the necessary counter-electromotive i'orce; while it the field is strengthened, the armature does not have to rotate so fast, because the desired counterelectromotiveforce is generated by the armature windings cutting more lines of force at the slower speed.

The novel organization preferably also includes means whereby the tone-arm 39, as it swings from the position at Figures 1 and 3 inwardly to the position at Figure (3, automatically reduces the power of the motor, with the eili'ect of keeping the speed even. Hence less power is required to revolve the table the nearer the arm approaches the end of its inward stroke. This is effected by means of a link 58, which is connected by a pivot 59 to the tone-arm; its other end being pivoted at 60 to both of the links 54, 55, which form a toggle. The link 54; is pivoted at 61 to the part 53, which is normally stationary; and the link 58 is pulled to the left as the tone-arm 39 swings inwardly from its position at Figure 1 or 3. This pulls the link 54 around its pivot upon the stationary arm 61, and the link 55 is therefore caused to pull the keeper away from the field magnet 35 to the position seen at Figure 6, whereby the power of the motor is gradually diminished automatically at a uniform rate from beginning to end of the inward stroke of the tone-arm. This automatic adjustment is eflective for all positions of the speed-regulating lever which are eli'ected by the screw 48; the link 58 swinging idly about its pivot 59 during the adjustments of the regulating lever 50, which operate through the toggle 54, to effect permanent adjustment of the keeper 45. Thus the automatic and the manual regulations of the motor power are independent of each other. This is a novel feature applicable to other organizations, and this feature of the invention is not limited to the particular means shown for eilecting such weakening or strengthening of the motor power.

Since the magnet 35 exerts a pull upon the keeper l5 in a manner to oppose the inward swinging of the arm 39, and since it is desired that this arm should move with extreme case, a spring 62 may be employed to counterbalance the pull of the magnet upon said keeper. This spring may be attached at 63 to anarm 64 provided upon the keeper, and may bear against the tip of a screw 65, which is adjustable to regulate away all of the power of the spring, and which must be so formed as to increase substantially in power as it is flexed, so that it may properly counterbalance the pull of the magnet upon the keeper in all positions of the latter.

lit will thus be seen that the need of emloying; friction to compensate for reduction in the work performed as the tone-arm swings inwardly, may aiso be reduced or eliminated, thereby conducing to the ellicieucy oi? the general organization for the pin-pose aforesaid.

In manufacturing the invention the connection between the tone-arm and the keeper 15 may be varied to adjust the keeper more or less during the stroke of the tonearm. For this purpose a cross-bar 66 may be fixed to the bottom of the shell-like hub 67 of the tone-arm (which turns in a bearing 68 provided upon the top 19), and this have a radial slot at 69, Fig- To separate the link 58 from there is formed upon the pivot 59 a flange 7 0, Figure 5; and below this flange is formed a shoulder 71, which tits in the slot 69 and is adjustable therealong. To secure the adjustment, a nut 72 is threaded upon a screw shank 73 projecting dcnvn from said shoulder portion 71; a washer 74- being placed between the nut and the cross-bar or arm 66. This nut may be tightened to hold the flange securely where adjusted, without interfering with the freedom of movement of the link 58 about the pivot 59. To hold the link 58 against detachment, there may be pr vided a nut 75 threaded upon a shank 7 6 rising from the pivot 59. This washer 77 serves as a cap or keeper to retain the link 58, which, however, is not clamped by the nut 75 but has freedom of movement.

The vibration and noise is almost eliminated by having the frame, holding the motor and such parts, supported by the use of felt washers and bushings. It ball-bearings are used, the metallic sound from same can be somewhat eliminated by having the ballbearing jackets supported in a soft wood core.

cross bar may ures 3 and 5. the cross-bar 66,

In this case, the power is transmitted from the motor to the turn-table by spur gears, but some may be replaced by beveled or worm gears, or even a belt.

The motor may consume about 2 watts oi? electrical energy, as compared to electric motors rated at from 10 to 20 watts commonly used for driving talking machines.

Considering for example that the 2-watt motor is to be driven by t dry cells con nected in series, which, at 1% volt per cell, gives (3 volts pressure at the motor terminals, it follows that the current consumed by the motor is 2 watts divided by 6 volts, or 1/ ampere. An ordinary dry cell costs about cents and has a capacity of 20 to ampere-hours for intermittent work.

The cost of operation can very easily be calculated, since an ordinary 10-inch record requires on an average of 3 minutes to play. The ampere-hour rating of one dry cell is the same as for four, when such cells are connected in series.

It the 0-volt battery will deliver ampere-hours, or 1200 ampere-minutes, at the intermittent discharge rate of 3, ampere, at a cost of etcells at cents each, or $1.20; then it follows that the battery will operate the motor for as many minutes as am pore divides into 1200 ampere minutes, or 3000 minutes; or as many records as 3 minu cs reguired for playin each record divides into 3000 minutes, or 1200 records. Thus 10 records of the 10-inch size can be played at a cost of one cent.

At Figure 8 is illustrated in another form one or the features or" the present improvements. The feature referred to is the means whereby the tone-arm may regulate the speed, power, or current consumption of a motor, which may be oi another type in some cases. This motor has series field windings 80. In a shunt circuit 81 around the revolving armature or rotor 82 is included an adjustable resistance comprisinga coil 83 and a switch, lover or adjustable connection 84-, which may be swung towards or to the dotted-line position, whereby the resistance included in the shunt may be decreased, with the result that more current flows through the shunt and less through the armature In this way the speed or power of the armature may be lowered. This variation may be eiiected automatically by means of a link 85, corresponding with link 58 and connected to crossbar 66 on the tone arm Tris is a constant-speed universal motor, which may have, in addition to the shunt re tance 8-3, a manually-regulatable shunt re, sumce S6 in series with 83. As the needle 38 approaches the middle or" the record, more and more resistance is cut out of the shunt by the swinging of the regulator S1; and because of the lessened flow or current through the armature 82, the motor has a tendency to rotate more slowly or with less power, so that the record does not speed up as the needle 38 swings in wardly and oii ers diminished frictional op position to the rotation of he record.' A resistance 88 is also shown in series with the whole motor, which resistance may be adjustable, and may co-operate with the resistance coils 83, 86.

Another form of motor is shown at Figure 9, the same being a shunt-wound direct current motor. Its field S9 is included in a shunt circuit 90 around the armature S2. Included in the shunt and therefore in series with the tield windings 89 is a. resistance 91 and a switch or adjustable connection 92 therefor; the latter connected by a link 85 to cross-bar 66 on the tone-arm 39, thus to cut out more and more resistance as the tone-arm swings from the full-line position inwardly to the dotted-line position. This results in a stronger field, and the motor armature 82 therefore is given a tendency to rotate more slowly or more weakly. Thus it results that the record-table is not speeded up as the needle moves in towards the center of the table. There may also be included in the shunt circuit a manually-adjustable resistance 93.

In Figures 8 and 9, in order to reduce friction of the moving arms 84, 92 upon the resistance coils, and not interfere with the free working of the tone-arm 39, the resistance wire in said coils may be made very fine, and may be wound comparatively closely upon an insulated tube, a o each of said arms Si and 92 may be in the nature of a light spring contact arm, to touch the coils and to shift from winding to winding and give a finely graduated regulation.

It will further be seen that in Figures 8 and 9, as well as in Figures 1 and 2, there is disclosed a motor that runs at a constant soeed, a weighted turntable that rotates at uniform speed, a brake or device for steadying the load and conducing to uniformity of speed, and a linkage operated by the tone-arm which reduces the power of the motor as the needle approaches the middle of the record.

Variations may be resorted to within the scope of the invention, and portions of the improvements may be used without others.

Having thus described my invention, I claim:

1. A phonograph mechanism comprising a dry cell driven motor having a permanent field magnet and adjustable electromagnetic means for varying the power of the motor, oscillating mechanism, and means operable automatically by said oscillating mechanism for controlling the first mentioned means.

2. A phonograph mechanism comprising a dry cell-driven motor having a permanent field magnet, magnetically operating means for varying the power of the motor, and a device automatically operable by said mechanism to operate said means.

3. A phonograph mechanism comprising a dry cell-driven motor having a permanent field magnet, magnetically operating means for varying the power of the motor, said phonograph n'iechanism comprising a movable tone-arm, and means connecting said tone-arm with said magnetically operating means.

4. A phonograph mechanism comprising a dry-cell-driven motor having a permanent field magnet, magnetically operating means for varying the power of the motor, said phonograph mechanism comprising a movable tonc-arm, means connecting said tonearm with said magnetically operating means, and a manually operable device to operate said means.

5. A phonograph mechanism comprising a record table, an electric motor connected therewith, a movable tone-arm, and an element connected to said arm for varying the power of the motor as the arm swings toward the center of the table.

(3. A phonograph mechanism comprising a record table, an electric motor connected therewith, a movable tone-arm, and an element connected to said arm for varying the power of the motor as the arm swings toward the center of the table, said varying element comprising a device co-operating directly with the motor to vary its consumption of current.

7. A phonograph mechanism comprising a record table, an electric motor connected therewith, a movable tone-arm, and an element connected to said arm for varying the power oi" the motor as the arm swings toward the center of the table, said varying ele ment comprising a device co-operating directly with the motor to vary its consumption of current and comprising a keeper or permanent armature movable relatively to the field magnet of the motor.

8. A phonograph mechanism comprising a record table, an electric motor connected tl'ierewith, a movable tonenrm, an element connected to said arm for varying the power of the motor as the arm swings toward the center of the table, and manually-adjustable means for independently varying the consumption oi current by the motor.

9. A phonograph mechanism comprising a record table, an electric motor connected therewith, a movable tone-arm, an element connected to said arm for varying the power of the motor as the arm swings toward the center oi the table, and manually-adjustable means for independently varying the consumption of current by the motor, said varying element comprising a portion which is common both to said tone arin and said manwilly-adjustable means.

10. A; phonograph mechanism comprising a dry cell driven constant speed motor having a permanent field magnet, a record table driven by the motor, oscillating mechanism and a keeper or permanent armature with means for automatically adjusting it 1' atively to the field magnet by oscillating mechanism.

11. A phonograph mechanism comprising oscillating mechanism, a dry cell driven motor having a permanent field magnet, and means for magnetically cooperating with the motor to vary its speed, said means including a spring to operate it in one direction, and other means for operating it in the other direction by said oscillating mechanism.

12. A phonograph mechanism comprising a dry-cell-driven motor having a permanent field magnet, means for magnetically cooperating with the motor to vary its speed, a movable tone-arm, and a connection from said tone-arm to said varying means.

13. A phonograph mechanism comprising a dry-cell-driven motor having a permanent lield magnet, means for magnetically vary ing the consumption of current by the mo tor, a manually-adjustabie device, a tonearm, and connections from said varying means to said manually-ad ustable device and said tone-arm.

M. A. phonograph mechanism comprising a dry-cell-driven motor having a permanent field magnet, means for magnetically varying the consumption of current by the motor, a manually-adjustable device, a tonearm, and connections from said varying means to said manually-adjustable device and said tone-arm, said tone-arm and said manually-adjustable device being movable independently of each other to control the operation of said consumption-varying means.

A phonograph mechanism comprising a dry-cell-driven motor having a permanent field magnet, means, including a keeper, for magnetically varying the consumption of current by the motor, a manually-adjustable device, a 'tone-arm, and connections from said varying means to said manually-adjustable device and said tone-arm, said tonearm and said manually-adjustable device being movable independently of each other to control the operation of said consmnptionvarying means, means being provided for varying the relative stroke of said keeper effected by said tone-arm.

16. A phonograph mechanism comprising a dry-celldriven constant-speed motor having a permanent field magnet, a record table driven by the motor, a weight connected to the table to revolve therewith to preserve uniformity of speed of the table, and an adjustable friction device in contact with a part of the driven mechanism for slightly decreasing the load on the motor as the battery exhausts.

17. A phonograph mechanism having a record-table and comprising a dry celldriven motor having a permanent Feld magnet, adjustable electroanagnctic means for varying the power of the motor, and a iriction device in contact with a part of the driven mechanism for slightly increasing the load 0n the motor during the adjustments of the electrol'nagnetic means.

18. A phonograph n'iechanism corny sing a dry-cell-driven constant-speed motor having a permanent field magnet, a record table driven by the motor, a weight connected to the table to revolve therewith to preserve uniformity of speed of the table, and a friction device in contact with a part of the driven mechanism for slightly decreasin the load on the motor as the battery exhr means ad ustine said triction being provided for device.

19. A phonograph mechanism havii record-table and rompri 'ig a di; driven motor he vi a permanent licld ma net, magnetite operating means in v ing the power I the motor, said phonograph mechanism romplring a m vable tone-aria means connecting said tom-arm with said magnetically operating means, and a permanent friction device actin. upon said record table for slightly increasing the load on the motor for the purpose specified.

20. The combination of phone; aph table, an electric motor for driving; the same, a keeper for the motor magnet, and means operated by the phonograph table for adjusting the keeper.

21. The combination of a phonograph record-table, an electric motor for driving the same, a keeper for the motor m 11:1, means operated by the phonograph ie for adjusting the keeper, and a permanent friction device acting upon said able for slightly increasing the load on the to keep the load constantdurine' the adjustment of the keeper for the purpose speciied. o0

A phonograph mechanism comp King a motor, a record table operated thereby, means for varying the povwer ot' the motor, a tone arm and connections betvveen the tone arm and said means to adjust said means to vary the power 01" the motor and thus vary the 1 eed ot' the record table as the tone arm moves over it.

23. in a phonograph, a motor record table, a tone arn'i and means operated by the tone arm as it moves over the record to vary the povwcr of the motor and thus the speed of the table.

21-. The combination of an electric motor, a record table. a tone-arm, a movable keeper for the magnet of said motor, said keeper connected to said tone-arm, and means for connterbalaneing the pull of the magnet upon the keeper.

The combination of an electric motor, a record table, a tonearm, a movable keeper for the magnet of said motor, said keeper connected to said tone-arm. and an adjustable spring for counterbalanciug the pull oi the magnet upon the keeper.

26. The combination of an electric motor, a recorc table, a tone-arm, a movable keeper for the magnet of said motor, said keeper connected to said tone-arm, and an adjustable spring for counterbalaneing the pull of the magnet upon the keeper, said spring constructed to increase its resistance as the keeper approaches the poles or the magnet. 27. The combination of an electric motor, a record table driven thereby, a movable operated tone-arm, and means controlled by said tonearm for varying the consun'iption of current by the motor.

28. The combination of an electric motor, a record table driven thereby, a movable tone-arm, and tone-arm for varying the consumption of current by the motor, said varying means adjustable relatively to the tone-arm to regulate the extent of variation during the stroke of the tone-arm.

29. The combination of an electric motor, a keeper for the magnet of the motor, a record table driven by said motor, a movable tone-arm, a toggle device extending from said keeper, and a connection from said tone-- arm to said toggle device to cause vibration of the keeper during the vibrations of the tone-arm.

60. The combination of an electric motor, a keeper for the magnet of the motor, a record table driven by said motor, a movable tonoarm, a toggle device extending from said keeper, :1 connection from said tone-arm to said toggle device to cause vibration ot' the keeper during the vibrations of the tone-arm, a stationary arm to which said toggle is connected, and a finger-piece connected to said stationary arm to adjust the same.

31. The combination of an electric motor, a keeper for the magnet ot' the motor, a record table driven by said motor, a movable tone-arm, a toggle device c:;tendin; from 'said keeper, a connection from said tone-arm to said toggle device to cause vibration of the keeper during the vibrations of the tone-arm, a stationary arm to which said toggle connected, :1 lingerpiece connected to said stationary arm to adjust the same, said stationary arm form-- ing portion of a lever, a returning spring;- for said lever, and a screw against which the lever is held by the returning; spring.

32. The combination of an electric motor, a keeper for the magnet ot' the motor, a record table driven by said motor, a movable tone-arm, a toggle device attending from said keeper, a connection from said tone-arm to said toggle device to cause vibration of the keeper during the vibrations of the tone-arm, and a counterbalancing spring for said keeper.

33. The combination of an electric motor, a keeper for the magnet of the motor, a record table driven by said motor, a movable tonearm, a toggle device extending from said keeper, a connection from said tone-arm to said toggle device to cause vibration of the keeper during the vibrations of the tone-arm. and means for ad justing the connection between the tone-arm and the toggle to vary the stroke of the keeper during the stroke of the tonearm.

The combination of an electric motor,

means controlled by said a record table driven thereby, a movable tone-arm, means for varying the consump tion of current by the motor, a manuallyoperable device for adjusting said currentvarying means, and a connection from said tone-arm for automatically varying the current consumed by the motor.

35. The combination of an electric motor, a record table driven thereby, a movable tone-arm, means for varying the consumption of current by the motor, a manuallyoperable device for adjusting said currentvarying means, and a connection from said tone-arm for automatically varying the current consumed by the motor, adjustable means being provided for controlling the extent to which the consumption of current is varied by reason of the movement of said tone-arm.

36. The combination of an electric motor, a record table driven thereby, a tone-arm, and a keeper connected to said tone-arm and movable thereby relatively to the magnet of the motor.

37. The combination of an electric motor, a record table driven thereby, a tone-arm, a keeper connected to said tone-arm and movable thereby relatively to the magnet of the motor, and a counterbalancing spring for said keeper.

38. The combination of an electric motor, a record table driven thereby, a tone-arm, a keeper connected to said tone-arm and movable thereby relatively to the magnet oi the motor, and means for manually varying the consumption of current by the motor.

39. The combination of an electric motor, a record table driven thereby, a keeper, a finger-piece for adjusting said keeper relatively to the magnet of the motor, a movable tone-arm, and connections from said tonearm to said keeper to vary the consumption of current by the motor as the tonearm moves over the table.

40. The combination of an electric motor,

a record table driven thereby, a keeper, a finger-piece for adjusting said keeper relatively to the magnet of the motor, a movable tone-arm, and connections from said tone-arm to the keeper to vary tion of: current by the motor, independently of the adjustment of said finger-piece as the tone-arm moves over the table.

ALFRED E. OSWALD.

the consump-

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