US1599561A

US1599561A - emery

Info

Publication number: US1599561A
Authority: US
Publication date: 1926-09-14
Anticipated expiration: 1943-09-14

Description

1,599,561 A. B. EMERY CONCENTRATION OF ORES Filed Dec. 5, 1922 2 sheets-sheet 1 IN VEN TOR ATTORNE Y6 Sept, 14 1926;

Sept. 14 1926. 1,599,561

A. B. EMERY CONCENTRATION OF ORESV Filed Dec. 5, 1922 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 J/ M12 nvwgoR a (B 7 BY 6 A TTORNE Y6 Patented Sept; 14, @1926. p

iorralice.

' Li 'jmeusmvs BACHELDER M R ;ol mnssnm;"iR iqsvAAL, SOUTH AFRICA."

.7 vc nceitTR ATIQa [oneness Application fiiled p qell lbjr jsf 'ez'; Serial 1%. truism, a s a scam itfiriea Septembelf21,1922;

This inventionrelates to the concentration of ores, andhas tor its object the pm 'f vision of a newl' and iniproved method "of and apparatus for the concentration of ores by flotation. T {The present invention oonten'iplaftes'certain improvements in the present custoniary methods of 'concentratinggores by flotation.

In general, these inethodsinvolve the fun-I damental feature of pi odu'cinga frothlpossessing selective attraction orf preference for/the metalhferousfparticles of anore pulp in contradistinction to 'Ythe gangne particles thereof. For theformati'on of the I p p v I ijthrough the vessel. The circulation 1 of senti'al and in the pres t t froth, fair '01 other appropriate" gaslis fesmethods offiotation, 'sueh air is obtainedby agitation or aeration 1 or by a combination of, aeratio'n'f'and agitation of the oie pulp] The improvements contemplated by as p'ij'esent invention-involve more particularl animprovedjniethed of and-improved appa ratiis for bringing about the (necessary inter-action between the ore pulp; and air or other appropriateflg'as for the productlon of a nineral bearing' froth.

accordance with one aspect offth'e present inventioman ore pulpy containing an appropriate flotation ag'enhis caused, in' I I I con unct'loin with the accompany mas, n which the presence of air for; other appropriate gas and in the form ofa inultlpl citjrv ot 'sniall against fahaliling sn'rfafce'wvith sufficient ing froth.v Thus, the separated streams orjets o tore pulp may he projected'againstra" effectively j I bathing surface adapted; to break up or atoniiz 'e the same in a gas-filled space, which may advantageonslyf he; a space flcontalnlng,atmospher c air. The b th con mineral-bearing froth forin'ed isi' in accordance 'vvlt-hfthe preferred practice invention "trapped beneath vthe. surface of the inain" body or the ore p'nlpand} is )re covered from a relatively quiescent Zone of 5 the ain bod of orejpulp'. Preferably, the ore pulp is circulatedwithin an appropriate; receptacle, in the course 'o f'vv'h'ich circ'nla-h ftion the ore pulp is elevated tofaheight above the normal "operatingore phlplevel in the receptacle and discharged back; into th'e'receptacle in the formfot i'elativelyfin'e;

streams which arve" intercepted the ,sur 3f; e ot; the" ore pulp ie the receptacle Q or by;

i by transverse 'pafl 'titions 11 into a; plnrali an appropriately positionedlhafile with su t"- f cient violence to effectively break up the ore pulp" streams in the presence of air'or other, appropriate gas With the attendant formation ofa mineral-bearing froth. it

The improved apparatus of the invention the ore pulp in each receptacle or cell of, the apparatus -;1s carried out in the inanner ,ivhich' characterizes my in] inventionwvill hefhetter understood froi'nfthe' folloiving discription taken 4 in draw :1 i s fan: elevation partly ,in section of -ed appai"a-tns of the invention fl ig '2 i's a ssectional elevation of the apparatusof ig..' 1'; taken on the section line Fig.-

i's'an elevation partly in section ofthefldislcharge endofthe apparatus;

Figi' l" is a partial top-plan oi the a'pparafl tug}. p p v 1F .g5fandl6 are detail viewsillustrating thejia'ccoinpanying {drawings comprises an elongated vessel 10 jchv ded longitudim a, The improved apparatus, illustrated iii. I 100 I struetion lot the neumatic? piilp ele vating' neansj r of separate receptacles' or cells. Thus, the

' vessel ma be divided into'ten (or more or less) such" receptacles. -The partit ons 11 are ZOI IStIlIQlLBCl n two parts with an appropriate' space} 12 between the upper and lower; parts :to permit of; the desired flow v.

, of ore pnlp nee-one receptacletofthe next; "In cross section' 'thef vessel-[101 s Vo-shaped in its lower portion and rectangular in its upper portion. t I j .An' oblong shaped conduit formed by side members 13 and end members 1 1 is centrally dn posed in each receptacle ofthe vessel 10. The lower end of each conduit is open and in free communication with the receptacle near the bottom thereof, while the upper end ts inmates boa having a pluralityof orifices or nozzle openings in each side thereof and closed at the top by a cover #8. The oblong conduits are longitudinally disposed their respectiye receptacles and; are guided into their operative positions by guide cleats etasecured to the partitionsll ai d guide blocks 46 on the lowerfiared portions of the conduits; Theconduits are suspended or hung in position by means of strips or bars 17 secured to the end members 11 of the conduit and resting upon'the tops of thepartitions 11. The side members 13 are outwardly flared at their bottoms so'as to catch all of the air discliargedfrom the air distributor as. hereinafter more fully described. f

A pipe 16 is centrally disposed in each of the oblong conduits and terminates at its lower. end a cylindrical air distributor 17. The pipes 16 are connected at their upper ends to an air. supply main 25.

Each air distributor 17 ismade'up of a cylindrical tube 18.'liavi1ig its ends closed by circular caps 19 held 'together by a bolt 20. The tube 18 is provided with a plurality of holes 21. The perforated tube 18' is externally surrounded by oneor more layers 22 of line wire screen or loosely woven cloth such, for example, as burlap, or gunny-s ack cloth. A clamping frame 23 serves to operatively connect the air distributor to the.

pipe 16 whereby the interior of the tube 18 is placed in communication with the pipe'16.

The fair distributors 17 rest upon the bottoms of the receptacles in the vessel 10 and are held in their operative positions ,loy means of guide blocks 24. The air distributors are positioned directly beneath the lower open and flared ends of their respective oblong conduits. A vertical partition'or bafl le 26 1s arranged on each side of the oblong conduit ineach of the receptacles of the vessel 10. The partitions 26 are operatively held in'jplace between a fixed cleat 2'7 and a removable cleat 28, the latter being held in position by the clamping actionv between a fixed taperedblocli 29 and a removable tapered block 30. The lowerends of the partitions 26 extend a .short distance below the normal operating ore pulp level in their respective receptacles and serve to d vide each receptacle (on each side of the central oblong conduit) into an inner frotlrforinin'g' compartment and an outer; froth-collecting compartment.

hach s de of the vessel 10 is provided with launders 31 for collecting and carrying away the froth overflowing the sides of the frothcollecting compartments of each receptacle. The froth overflow height of any froth-collecting compartment may be appropriately adjusted by means of removable strips 32 operatively held in position by the clamping ac tion ofa fixed tapered block 33 and a removable tapered block 3%;

The launders 31 are preferably arranged to separately collect the froth overflow of particular receptacles. Thus, the froth overflow from certain receptacles near the feed end of the vessel may be separately collected from the froth overflow from the other receptacles of the vessel. I v

A pair of feed pipes 35 are arrangedfor the introduction of ore-pulp into the first receptacle at the feed end of the vessel. At

the dischargeend of the vessel, the ore pulp 36 is provided with a discharge opening adapted to be closed by a valve 38. The overflow discharge from the compartment 36 flows into a box 39 which is suspended by means a rod 410 and spring &1 and which has, at its lower end, a discharge spigot 42. A lever arm 13 is secured at one end to a fined partof the vessel 10 and at its other end to the box 39 and intermediate its ends to the valve 38. A discharge pipe se is provided for carrying away the tailiiigs discharged through the bottom opening in the compartment 36 and the spigot in the suspended box 39. j I j In carrying out the improved method of the invention in the apparatus illustrated in the accompanying drawings, a suitably prepared ore I pulp containing an. appropriate flotation agent is introduced into the first receptacle or cell of the vessel 10 through the feed pipes 35. Air or other appropriate gas, undersuitable pressure, is introduced into the air distributors 17 and enters the ore pulp in a relatively fine state of subdivision directly beneath the flared lower end of the oblong conduit in each receptacle. The air rising in these conduits exercises an air lift action and causes an upward flow of ore pulp through the conduitswith the attendant discharge of the ore pulp through the nozzles or orifices 15. I The ore pulp is discharged through the orifices or nozzles 15 in the form of amultiplicity of, small separated streams or jets which impinge upon the surfaces of the partitions or baffles 26 or the top surfacewoffthe main body of orepulp in the receptacles, or both, and are eeaselr is; Qat once driyen .gdownwardly j and ou wardlylunder the bottom edge of the part tions, 2 6', and; the froth then risesgin. the f frothll ing omp e nlthm h t below, thus forcing up the gas bubbles reig side ofthe partitions',-26dand overflows into 'the laundersfii. There nainder of the ore pulp from whlch theisjulfides:have'been n large part eliminated (bybeing caughtin; he; f eth.) c u e's owar th b nmt the receptacle and in, part passes onv to the ,;0re pulp, gradually worksitsavay through t-r l pera e a 38; wh l theia m I and Water rise andoverflow the adjustable 5. Y;Weir,37 into the movable box '39. Ifjthe 3Qsthereby increasing the Weight of the box and 35, ing in the, compartment 36, and consequently] 9 the; jets ore-' p ulp iinpinge upon it a Ihe froth is thus preseryed as fastas formed,

next succeeding receptacle and in part is" picked up by the air lift action in the oblong conduit and a, ;ain' ejected through;

thence ales "15;; It Will thus seen-that, the

the-successive receptacles of the vessello P ssing throue h er e 12 e h p r-'1- titions. 1l and 1 being repeatedly circulated in each IGO P Q QZ thef nanner. described.

receptacle. into the compartment 86 Where/the sands settle out and drop throughthe auto ore lei el in the vessell0 rises the over,-

fiovv intolthelbox 39 Will in creasef andthis- H p 7 I flotat on can: be promoted. in my improved increased overfloyyf will no be able to escape through the spig0tg4c2'and the ,boX Will fill,

contents. This increased Weig11t ill"con press zthespring Al' -and will open more widely the valve 38, thusfincreasingthe dis-- chargeof tailings througlrthebottom openlowering the pulp levellin -the; vessel. @If

the pulp IGVQI in'the vessel falls, the reverse action, takes place, This automatic 1 "charge device lnaintainsjthe desired-pulp- ;11evelin the vessel 10 and hasthe advantage of not requiring any handf regulation (or;

After the froth attenti'onvand of not blocking on accountof provide ad'jacent but. separate froth-collectating ore pulplevelgpservesto'trap the-froth p p I v v 7 equ valent meansunay be employed, For

so that it cannot return tothe point-where ail 1 ftailing -n1aterial V made in the frotlrform ng compartment of :The tails are discharged froin'lthe last;

ias been, formed in the ,Y .zfrotheforniing compartment of; JI-liYf illle proved apparatus by the action 'ofthe ime I pinging jets of ore fpulp, these same jets of orey pulp may break down ithel froth, unless it isat oncey removed ,out of their fway j ;Thifs removal of the frothnisaccomplished c in my. improved apparatus by means; the; arrangement of the partitions 26, 'vvhichi them down. But most important the fact'that the material dropped byytlic ing compartments into I which a the froth" driven promptly" after formation The, lower edge ofithe partitionfih beingbeneath' T s s "the ore pulp pneumatically by the air lift may be used if desired. 7 circulates theorelpulp rapidly with no wea" V lows th froth-col ecting "compartment "entirely: stable and i116; gas bubbles in the frothare constantly breaking down. Atthe s'an'ie time new froth is" constantly being a formed. The new froth crowds infroin launder placed to receive 1 I I I, It lsimportant to be able to accurately and conveniently control the rate of production and discharge of froth. If the production is too rapid, the froth illno t"cle an itself, and will carry over, With the corn centrates, a considerable amount of Wasteor The froth, when, first my improved apparatus, is composed of bubbles which carry concentrates inixed Withgangue. When these bubbles breaklthe adhering particles are dropped and the: bubbles just below pick up by preference the sulfide particles, letting the gangue parti'cles fall further downz until they finally reach and inix vvith the ore Jpulp. By regulating the production" and discharge of the frotl1,-the'amount of cleaning canbe con;

its

trolled and preferential concentration by 1 apparatus, if algreat volulne'of froth is p roduced, the velocity of the r1s1ngco1un1n of froth is rapid and the time available for cleaningnthe frothby the brealcfdoWnpf part of, the bubbles is reduced so thatthe bubbles can carry over-not only various column cantake place, then the bubblesfwill 1 i have 'to' travela long distance before'dis- I .charged, and a greater opportunity Wlll be.

afi'orded for the'bubbles tobreak dewn and thus clean the froth. Furthermore the-great, height'of the column will in case the pres-- sure of the bubbles; also tending H of'all upper bubbles deepcoluinn of bubbles to sassthrough before it reachesthe pulp, hence more,opportunity for thesulfides' to caught bybubbles before finally reaching;

and becoming" lost in the pulp,

oldlhilelprefer to e rec the circulation of action hereii'ibefore described, any other very little abrasion from coarse sands when the latter are treated. Moreover, While I prefer to introduce the air into the ore pulp through a coarsely Woven cloth, such as gun'- ny-sacl; cloth, in order to finely disseminate the air, this is not necessary and the air may, if desired, be introduced into the ore pulp in larger masses for effcctingthe desired air lift action and the attendant circulation of the ore pulp.

The improved apparatus of the invention enables anumber of treatments to be given in a singlevessel with suitable provision for controlling simply andaccurately the d scharge of concentrates from each treatment operation independently of the other treatmeutoperati'ons.

The improved a1 Qaratus of the invention is well adapted for the practice differential flotation. The disc iarge of concentrates from any one receptacle may be entirely stopped While continuous circulation of the ore pulp is maintained thereiii thus enabling the mixing of freshly added flotation agent with the circulating ore pulp. v

Owing to the absence of moving parts and (Vln to the fact that a slo )in bottom l s not depended upon for moving .the sands in the pulp, the" improved apparatus of the invention can be successfully used for concentrating mesh or even coarser sands without causing trouble by the sands bank'- ing. Moreover, in my improved apparatus, a constant pulp level is maintainedthroughout ineach ofthe receptacles without any regulating device for the individual receptacles. the ore pulp simply flowing Without throttling or other regulation from one receptacle to the next.

From the foregoing description it will be evident that I have provideda flotation apparatus having a plurality ofcells in eacl of which the ore pulp is separately circulated with the formation of a mineral-bearing froth. This mineral bearing froth is formed by streams or jets of ore pulp impinging against the surface of the ore pulp or against baffles or both. The froth so formed is driven into a froth-collecting compartment Where it is trapped and prevented from returning into the froth-forming compart-ment. In the froth-collecting compartment, the froth accumulates and builds up, being caused to flow upwards (in a vertical column) before it is discharged with the object of cleaning? the froth by the continual breaking of a part of the bubbles resulting in the material carried by the broken bubbles being successively res'elected by falling on the unbroken bubbles below I claim: I 1. The method of concentrating ores flotation which comprises circulating an ore pulp ithin an appropriate receptacle and in the course of such circulationelevating the ore pulp to a height abo e the normal pulp level in the receptacle, discharging the so elevated pulp back into the main body of pulp in the form of a multiplicity of small separated streams so that the streams" of pulp impinge against a bathing surface With sufficient violence to atomize the streams of pulp in gas filled space and form a mineral bearing froth, and recovering the mineral-bearing froth so: formed".

2. The method ofconcentrating ores by flotation which comprises assihg an ore pulp through an elioi'i g'gated receptacle divided into plu :al'ity of chambers in each of which chambers there is maintained a' circulation of ore pulp iriha path substantially at ri'ght'a1ngles to the general direc ti'on, of new of ore pulp through the receptacle and in the course ,o fsvhich circulation the ore pulp is elevated to a; height above the normal pulp level 1111' the receptacle, discharging the so elevated pulp back into the main body of pul in the form of, a plurality of small separated streams as that the streams of pulp impinge against abusing; surface with sufiicient violence to' effectively break up the streamsofpul'p in a gas-filled space an'd form' a mineral-bearing froth,

and recovering the mineral-bearing froth so formed. z

3. The method of concentrating ores by flotation which comprises circulating an ore pulp Withinan appropriate receptacle and in the course'of su' clrcifculation elevating the'ore pulp to a height above the normal pulp leve'l'in the receptacle, discharging the so elevated pulp back into the main body of pulp inthe form of a plurality of small. separated streamsso th at'the streams of pulp-impinge against a baffling surface With sufiic ient violence to effectively break up the streams of pulp in a gas filled space and form a minera-l-bearingfroth, promptly removing the mineral-bearing froth from the Zone ofits formation and preventing its return to such Zone by trapping the froth Within a' relatively quiescent Zone of ore pulp and permitting the froth to rise there in and form a froth column above the ore pulp in said quiescent Zone, and recovering the mineral-bearing froth from said froth column.

4. The method ofconcentrating ores by flotation which comprises passing an ore pulp through an elongated receptacle divided into a plurality of chambers in each of Which chambers there, is maintained a circulation of ore pulp in a path substan tially atright angles to the general direction of flow of ore pulp through the recep tacle and in the course of which circulation the ore pulp is elevated to a height above the normal pulp level. in the receptacle, dis charging the soelevated pulp back into the main body of pulp in the form of a multi- [Jlicity of "small separated streams so that "thefstreams"offpulp impingeagainst a baffling" surface {with sufhclent 'vi'olence to atomize the streams of pulp in gas fill'ed "space and for'm' annn'eral-bearing' froth,

promptly removing the" mineral bearing "froth-iron? thezone of' its formation and to risetherein'and form a froth "column "'ab'ove" tl1e 'ore' pulp insaid quiescent zone, "and recovering the mineral-bearing froth "l ,,I:,I,;

5. The method of jconcentrating "ores by if flotation I whichl'comprises' pneumatically elevating from a body of'ore pulp a-,column I I I I I I "of'sald' chambers for circulating theore f'tlier'eof, damaging the pulp near the'top of the column lathe form offarnultiplicity of- "f'srnall separated streams against a a baffle adapted to atomize the streams of, pulp in I? "fa gas-filled spaceand'thereby; forming amine'ral be'aring froth, "and recovering the I :mineral bearingfroth'so' for'niedfi, "B-LTheinethQd of concent rating ores by j I "flotation which comprises" pneumatically elevating from a body of ore pulp a'c'olumnl thereof,- discharging the ore pulp near'thef topof'the column in" the forn1of"a multi- 1 plicity: of small separated streams; caus ng said streams of ore pulp to impinge against "a bali'ling'surface with sufiicient violence to jatomize said streams 'in a gas-filled space ana thereby forming?a""mineralbearing 1 froth, trappi g the mineral-bearing Y froth "so formed beneath ,the'" surface of the body of ore pulp, and; rec'overing'themineralbearing froth from a 'relatively quiescent Zone of said'body ofore pulp.

" 7. The "method of fconcentratin'g ore's by fiotation' Whichcomprises subjecting an'ore 'pulp in the presence of an appropriate flotation agent to continuousretreatmentby y elevating from a body'of, the ore pulp aifcol} umn thereof, continuously discharging the ore pulp near'the top of'saidicolumn the form of a'fmultiplicityf of small separated streams, causing said'stre'ams of ore pulp to impinge against a baffling surface With sufficient violence to effectively break up said streams in a gas-filled space and thereby form a mineral-bearing froth, returning the mineral-bearing froth and associated ore pulp'to said body of ore pulp and trapping the mineral-bearing froth beneath the surface thereof, and recovering the mineralbearing froth from a relatively quiescent zone of said bodyof ore pulp. v I I 8. An apparatus, for concentrat ng ores by flotation Which comprises a receptacle adapted to contain ore pulp, means for circulating the ore pulp in said receptacle and for elevating the circulating 'or'e' pulp to a height above the normal operating pulp level Within the receptacle, means for dis- An apparatus for concentrating ores Lbyflotation Which comprises an elongated 'receptaclea'having a plurality of communi- -'cati ng'cha1nbers arranged to permit the flow of orepulp from oneend of the receptacle *i tlirough said chambers to the other end of charging the" ore pulp so elevated back into the receptacle "and against a baffling. surface in th'e'lorm of a multiplicity of small'sep arate lil stre'ams sothat the streams of ore "pulp are causedto impinge against said l3tti'ill l'lgSllTfiiCWVlljh sufficient violence to. atomize' up-the streams of pulp-in a' gasiille'd space and thereby form amineralbearing froth,v and froth-collecting means 'operative'ly associated With the receptacle.

the "frecept'acle, means associated with each "pulp insthe chamber in a patlrsubstanti'ally Tight angles? to he general directionbf fiow'ibfdreipulp through the receptacle and for elevating the circulating ore pulp 'to a height above "the" normal operating pulp Q level within there'c'eptacle, means for Cirithereceptacle, and against a baffling surface in theforniof a multiplicity of small separatedj streams so ,thatthe'streams'of ore 10. An apparatus for concentratingores by flotation Which-comprises a receptacle to a height above the'norm'al operating ore pulp level Within the receptacle, means for d scharging the .ore pulp so elevated back v "into the receptacle in the form of a multiplicity'of small separated ets, me'ans Where by in the operation of sa'id apparatus such discharged jets of ore pulp are'ca'used to impinge against a bafli'in'g surface with suf- Ificient' violence'to break up'the'jets in a gas filled; spacezand form a 'mineral-bearing froth, and froth-collecting means operatively associated with the receptacle;

11. An apparatus for concentrating ores by flotation Which comprises a receptacle adapted to contain ore pulp, means for cir culating the ore pulp in said receptacle in the course of which circulation the ore'pulp is elevated to .a height above the normal operating ore pulp level in the receptacle and discharged back into the receptacle in the 'form ofa multiplicity of small separated jets, meanscooperating with the charging the o'rejpulp so elevated back into fada'pted to contain ore pulp, means for 'ele- -vating ore pulp from 'Within the receptacle aforementioned circulating means'whereby v in the operation ofthe apparatus said discharged jets of orepulp are caused to im-.

pinge against a bathing surface: With suf- 'ficient violence'to break up the jets in' a s gas lilled space and form amineral-bearing .wit-hin the receptacle, meansfer etli'ecting an upward flow of ore pulp in said coni a frot -C lec g m ans op atively associated with the receptacle.

13. An apparatus for concentrating ores by flotation which comprises a receptacle adapted to contain ore pulp and'having a froth-formingcompartment and a froth-coll ec-ting compartment communicating therewith'below the normal operating ore pulp level in the receptacle, means for circulating the ore pulp in said receptacle in the course of which circulation the ore pulp is elevated to a height above the normal operating ore pulp level in the receptacle and discharged back into the receptacle in the form of a multiplicity of small separated jets, 'means whereby in the operation of said apparatus such discharged jets of ore pulp are caused to impinge against a bafilingsurfaCe adapted to atomize the jets of ore pulp in a gas-filled space, and froth-collecting means operatively associated with said froth-collecting compartment. I

14:. An apparatus for concentrating ones by flotation which comprises a receptacle adapted to contain'ore pulp, an'upright'conduit within the receptacle having a lower open end arranged near the bottom of the receptacle and terminating at its upper end in a plurality of relatively small 'orificesat a height above the normaloperating ore pulp level. within the receptacle, said orifices being adapted to direct ore pulp discharged from the upper end of said conduit back into the receptacle, pneumatic means oper atiiiely associated with said conduit for efiecting an eaaas upward flow of ore pulp therein, means whereby the ore pulp discharged through said orifices is caused to impinge against a bathing surface within the receptacle, and froth-collecting means operatively associated with the receptacle.

15. An apparatus for concentrating ores by flotation which comprises a receptacle adapted to contain ore'pulp, an upright battle arranged to provide in the upper part the receptacle, a froth-collecting com- A compartment.

16. AL/5X11 apparatus for concentrating ores by flotation which comprises a receptacle adapted to contain ore pulp, an upright conduit within the receptacle having a lower pe and nea he bo t m of th e pta l and terminating at its upper end 'ina plua i yvi re at r ly mal o i es are e s above the normal operat ng ore pulp level within the receptacle, means for introducing into the lower cpen end of said conduit air in a state of relatively fine subdivision and thereby effecting an upward flow'of ore pulp through the conduit and out of the orifices h re fl means w er by in he p ratio of said apparatus the ore pulp ejected from a dpit fice imp n es a a st ba fi na' su face and thereby forms a minefahbearing l ia fil freth l ec n me n ope a v y aas e ted wi Sa ecept l testimony whereof :Iafiix my signature.

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