US1585639A - Surface condenser - Google Patents

Description

May 25,1926. 1 1585,639

P. A. BANCEL SURFACE CONDENSER OriginalFiled Oct. 7 15, 1924 INVENTOR.

HA5 T m 1' EY.

Patented May 25, 1926.

I UNITEDSTATES PAT NT; orrica.

PAUL A. BANCEL, OFNUTLEY, NEW JERSEYyASSIGNOR TO INGEBSOLL-RAND COM-- PANY, OF JEBSEYCITY, NEW JERSEY, A CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY.

sunracn connn'nsnnl Original application filed October 15, 1824, Serial 1T0. 743,695. DivIdedand this application filedfl'une 80,

- 1925. Serial No. 40,514.-

This invention relates to surface condensers and more particularly to that type of surface condenser comprising surface cooler tubes extending longitudinally 5 through a chamber across the path of the steam flow.

This application is a division of copend- 'ing application of Paul A Bancel, Serial No. 743,695, filed October 15, 1924.-

In'sin'gle pass condensers having water tubes over which steam to be condensed passes or condensers so designed that all of the tubes passed over by the steam between the point of entrance of steam and the oint ofexit of non-condensable vapor an air have water flowing the same directiomthe tubes are cooler at the inlet portions than at their outlet because in passing through the tubes, the water is warmed from theheat absorbed, and in condensing the steam the water temperature rises rogressively along the length of the tubes in the direc H tion of'water flow. The effect of this temerature condition is to decrease the eapac-' ity of the water to condense steam in sec-' tions of the condenser relatively remote from the waterinlet. In condensers having two or more passes the conditions are identical if the fiow is toward a central airi at the warm end,- there-must be a larger.

- flow through that end than at the warm end in order to supply sufiicient steam to i the lowermost tubes. This would call for .a greater loss of pressure at one end of the condenser than at the other, which is ordinarily impossible since the whole lowermost section is in free communication with the vacuum pump withdrawing the uncongdensable gases. The result in an ordinary 9 single pass condenser or any condenser to a greater or less extent is that steam does not come into contact with the lowermost tubes at the cold end and thus condensers of this type heretofore have been inefficient 'tion the steam in the various parts'ot ing.

to a'certain extent in that there is provided a certain amount of cooling surface'which does not condense steam. If the vacuum pump is operated to draw steam down-into the condenser nto contact with all portions of the tubes, uncondensed steam will pass through the-warm end andbe drawn from the outlet. This is undesirable since additional means must be provided to condense the steam which has passed through the condenser.

.It is anobject of this invention to appor the condenser so as to produce substantially the same depth of penetration throughout and to utilize the entire available cooling surface of thecondenser. This object is accomplished by' dividing the condenser into sections utilizing for this purpose partitions which may befthe usual. tube supporting plates and directing the steam toward-the cooler section of the condenser by suitably apportioning the steam in accordance with the steam condensing capacitics'of the vertical sections along the length ofthe condenser at the source from which the steam is drawn as for instance in the turbine cashe invention will be more clearly understood by reference to the accompanying drawing forming part of the specification in which is illustrated a diagrammatic representation of a condenser and a turbine associated therewith in'which the discharge chamber of the turbine is arranged to deliver to the compartments of the condenser quantitiesof steam proportionate to their steam condensing capacities.

Referring to the drawing, the condenser consists of an outer shell A having an outlet G for the withdrawahof condensate and unconderisable gases. The. shell A is preferably along" and is traversed by a plurality of tubes D with water from the water head E and discharging into a head F at the opposite end of the condenser. A tube support. in. the formrof a drilled plate G divides the space within the shell into two compartments, one being com aratively cool as it includes that portion of t e water tubes D nearer the water head E and a' warmer compartment nearer the discharge head F cbntaining water which has already absorbed heat in condensing steam.

A source of steam, such as a turbine H, is adapted to be connected at the steam inlet B of the condenser and to discharge its steam in a direction substantially at right angles to the tubes 1), An extension J of the, tube sheet G curves upwardly to the casing 6f the turbine H and connects at the turbine witha lower partition K which with an upper partition L divides the discharge chamber of the turbine H which is the source of steam into two compartments 0 and P. The'compartments O and P are unequal in size, one of the partitions K or L being situated so' that the quantity of steam discharged into the compartments 0 and P is proportionate to the steam condensing capacities of the cool and warm ends of the condenser respectively. 'Equal depth of steam penetration is thereby assured independently of any other means since steam delivered to the two sections 0 and P will be at different pressures or vacuums. Since the. vacuum at the bottom of the condenser is maintained by a pump ccnnected at the outlet C, the, pressure is substantially the same over the entire length of the condenser below the'last bank of tubes D. The p substantially equal depth of penetration of greater quantity'of steam being delivered to the cooler section of the condenser, the pressure drop through this end will 'be slightly greater than that at the warmer end. The absolute pressures in the compartments O and P of the turbine casing difiers'by the difierence in pressure losses in the cooler and warmer ends of the condenser.

I claim: 1. In combination with a source of steam to be condensed, a condenser having tubes with different temperatures along their length resulting in unequal capacities for condensing steam in vertical sections'along their length, and means in said source for obtaining substantially equal depth of pene tration of steam in said sections along the length of the condenser.

2. In combination with a steam turbine, a condenser having tubes with different temperatures along their length resulting in unequal capacities for condensing steam in vertical sections along their length, and mean t the discharge end of said turbine for-ob. .niing substantially equal depth of penetration of steam in said sections along the length of the condenser.

3. In combination with a steam turbine, a condenser having tubes with different temperatures along their length resulting in un ual capacities for condensing steam in vertical sections along their length,. and

means including partitions at the discharge end of said turbine for delivering quantities of steam to-the vertical sections of the condenser proportionate to their steam con (lensing capacities,

fl:- In combination with a source of steam to. condensed, a condenser having tubes with difierent. temperatures along their length resulting in unequal capacities for condensing steam in vertical sections along their length, a. partition extending verticall from the top toward the bottom of the con enser and means in said source cooperative with said partition independently adapted to produce substantially equal depth of-penetration of steam in said secticns along the length of the condenser.

5. In combination with a source to be condensed, a condenser having tubes with different temperatures along their-- length resulting in unequal capacities/for condensing steam in vcrt1cal'sections,-a partition extending vertically from the top toward the bottom of the condenser, voutlet for air anduncondensable gases and means in said source co' erative with said artition independently adapted to. produce 7. In combination with-a source of'steam to be condensed, a condenser having tubes with different temperatures along their length resulting in unequal capacities for condensing steam in vertical sections along their length, havin a partition extending from the top to'the hottom of-tlie condenser and a central outlet for air and uncondens+ able gases and means in said source for pro: ducing a higher pressure at the top of the condenser adjacent the coolerend to provide substantially equal depth of penetration of steam in said sections along the length of the condenser.

In testimony whereof I have signed this specification. V PAUL A. BANCEL.

steam in vertical sections along of steam a single be condensed, a condenser having tubes H with difierent temperatures alopg their for

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