US1585613A - Yarn and mechanism for and process of making the same - Google Patents

Description

May 18 1926.

J. A. HEANY YARN AND MECHANISM FOR AND PROCESS OF MAKING THE SAME Original Filed Jan. 10. 1924 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR John Allen flea/7y ATTORNEY May 18 1926.

J. A. HEANY YARN AND MECHANISM FOR AND PROCESS OF MAKING THE SAME Original Filed Jan. 10. 1924 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 fly W N R 0 mm m m W "Y M w J 4 :10 altiento form'thefinalyern. 4 I N heretofore been mean my 18,; 11926 UNI-TED":- srmmazs PAT-E NTi-inF-Flce;

front 41.1mm

'- 0032034121011, 01 rmnnson, unw Jnns'mr'gi 'kconrongnolf 0r 'nnnnwm.

firm m'nomuism fen; AND rnocnss or mmxmd Ammunition and January 10, 1924, Serial 1%. 'smoo. mew-.1 nnum'm ieu.

e This invention relatesto the manutacture' I brestock and manipulating and processing the-same, including as steps, the formation oi the fibre into pa er strip and the combim ing ofthe strip-wit a. rein-forcing filament,

*s'uchas thread 61- wireas by a twisting operelmployedlin yarn menufactmfe snob as: ag

gIn memting the 110056 .fibifeon 'e icerer '20 *nlt'ing jam have become zipper-ent- Such as t iilwk of-freshman ig te p re 1 thei efoxe," igth'e, Provision GIEAIDGBJIS-V whereby; ym; haying a greateripropertion" {'of mineral matte: maybegasily and cheap ly inenuiattnped'.iiAnothbn 'i-mpertent =1 t is; 6f aflnethod {of menu 2'.

zatibh 3 of "i im "'1. 1 hemed erfeni jkf fibred-a 'i of- -iis hold inz -sheh" es 'orjin v 1 112 5 435 4. {ebiect ut ike :"i nvention, 15mm;

nimplieity'end eflieiefioy-a Another object of the invention is to pronym 5- 121' mor iwl ic i e V WithYegItgble and min-i era11 fibre whie e l-re d y' i I0 meet .demandgqfeidxfierent products; ,and, which inwolvs ruetdwl details of notable} vlqe e process of making yarn from paperlike strips ..o r' bands. 01 E- asbes't0f s;mi 1 terial bound with ,suflicient eohesivenese'and 'te nee'ity' to undergo subsequent} mechanical on NEW mvnnfcennndncn'r, n sianen me mun nfii're s" strand and yetnaformin' "pperetionlini which one or" mere" ef 'sai f strips' or bandsm mb h d, ye ha l mwherw t a plnralltyoi filaments t6 iorl'nn er;

in which'asbesto, "s ape .'r-i emete rialp character refen e taxis combined jwithn plumlitypf filaments jte;jqrm e'yarn;

:A-nother' obje'etof the invlition'is' to wide a pl qeessef making -ynln from gas tos paper-like material ,with- 1- c ient cohesiveness. and tenacity unnam {oz-1 yarn 'l'nan'ilfactnre, which inelu'des els'soi fl xy v e lml w W; Repe i mmr l w th one. r r "te sion n s ppo t ng l en and-of.

11% said never-like 'ments' and "whiehqiyndulptinnsl pn distorbmdi qedliq'fi mw ppfiwngjagb d gfilemen l m m... 1 1: emnnd 51nd. t ee fil men Another ebject' of the invention to to pro .vide a from as stos paper-like material of the vide a process of making yarn from asbestos paper-like material bound with sufficient coesiveness and tenacity and adapted for em manufacture, which includes moistening said paper-like material, binding the pa er-like material while moist with a plura lty of filaments to form a yarn; or which includes associating the moist paper-like material with one or more tension or supporting filaments, and appl ing one or more bindin filaments, prefeiulily helically, to the moist paper-like material and said tension filament or filaments to bind them together.

Another object of the invention is to provide a process of making yarn from asbestos.

material of the character previously referred to in which a plurality of filaments are employed, one or more of which may be metallic, to form a yarn; or in which one or more of the tension filaments and/or one or niore of the binding filaments may be metallic.

Another object of the invention is to provide a rocess of making yarn from asbestos paperike material of the character previousl referred to in which the paper-like material and the reinforcing filaments are twisted with each other or are arranged helically with respect to one another.

Another object of the inyention is to prorocess for making asbestos yarn character plreviously referred to in which the paper- 'ke material is associated, combine elically arranged or twisted with a ,filament to form a strand and in which the strand thus formed is associated, combined, helically arranged or twisted with a second filament to form a yarn, with or without including the step of moistening the paperlike' material previously and hereinafter referred to. y

Another object of the invention is to provide an asbestos yarn comprising asbestos paper-like material associated with one or more tension or supporting filaments and secured thereto by one or more binding filaments.

A further object of the invention is to provide a yarn comprising a core, asbestos materal present in the yarn in paper-like formation, and one or more filaments bind,- ing said material and core together.

Another object of the invention is to provide a yarn'comprising one or more aperlike strips of fibrousasbestos materia associated with atension filament and secured thereto by a binding filament.

Another object of the invention is to provide an asbestosyarn comprising a paperlike strip of asbestos material placed about a filament or core and bound thereto by a helicalli arranged filament such as a wire.

. Anot er object of the invention is to provide an asbestos yarn of the character reviously referred to in which the pa er- 'ke.

strip of asbestos material contains inding' stripping of the asbestos material from the core, said filamentary means being helically, twisted or otherwise combined with the paper-like material and the core.

Another object of the invention is to provide a yarn which includes a strand comprising asbestos paper-lilge material with a filament helically arranged around said strand.

Various other objects will be apparent on consideration of the descri tion of an embodiment of the invention w ich may be preferred, hereinafter described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic View in perspective showing the various essential units used in the manufacturing process;

Fig. 2 is a detail view of the paper strip employed in the process;

Fi 3 is a view of the segment of the comp eted yarn;

- Fig. 4 is a cross-section of the completed yarn; and

Fig. 5 is a viewof a modified form of mechanism. I

Fig. 6 is a perspective view of a portion of the vat for moistening the rolls of paper to loosen the binder.

An important step in the manufacture of the yarn consists in binding and forming material, such as asbestos material, into a thin paper-like strip or band of sufficient cohesiveness and tenacity to undergo subsequent strand and yarn formin operations. In a co-pending a plication o the present invention, Serial umber 516,129, filed November 18, 1924, (now replaced by the continuing application, Serial No. 82,249, filed January 19, 1926), a rocess is described by which non-coherent bre stock is formed into pulp from which is made a web of suflicient strength or coherence to permit the same to be slitted by passing it through a slitting machine and to ermit the strips thus formed to be handle satisfactorily in the subsequent steps of yarn manufacture. It should be understood that "the strength of the final. web depends on the strength of the surface material thereof. For example, asbestos material ,may be formed into paper stri by the fibre in a heater with binding materia which may include a binder such as starch, depositing the into a plurality of rolls, of tape or stri 10,

having a thickness of about three eight s of an inch and, a diameter of about ten inches,

the pa er strip ap arin as indicated in Fig. 2. The paper if now in form for direct ap lication to the yarn making mechanism.

7 he first step involved in the process of manufacture is to moisten the tape in a vat 11, having appropriate water connections 12 and 13, in order to loosen the binder in the paper. Water alone may be used as the solvent,- but in certain conditions, additional materials may be added to increase the frictional characteristics of the loosened fibres. Such moistening of the strip rolls in a vat before placing them in the twisting machines has been found to give particularly advantageous results.

The moistened strip is then placed on the plate 14 of the yarn machine below a roller or rounded guide 15 over which the tape 9 is fed from the center of the tape roll.

Above the guide roll 15 is a support 16 to which are attached pins 17 adapted to receive spools 18 and 19 of wire, thread or similar filamentary material.

Positioned on a sup orting base 20 below the guide roll 15 is a racket 21 having an out-turned arm 22. The base 23 of the bracket is preferably slotted as at 24 to receive the holding bolts 25, the slotted connection facilitating ajustment of the bracket on the base. To the arm 22 is attached two outwardly extending fingers 26 and 27, terminating in pig tail loops 28 and 29. The loop 28 constitutes a guide ring for the filament 30 derived from spool 19 and also for the tape 9 fed from roll 10, and the loop 29 forms a guide ring for wire 31 derived from spool 18. These three elements, the wires 30 and 31 and the tape 9 are united in a manner as will presently be described and led together into the twister 32, the details of which will now be described.

The twister 32 is of a well known type, embodying a twisting mechanism and a feeding mechanism and is placed directly beneath the guide loop-s 28 and 29.

The twisting mechanism includes a. cylinder 35, carrying on its top a drive pulley 36 adapted to receive ower from a pulley cord 37. To the base of the cylinder is secured a cross bar 38 at the end of which are mounted stub shafts 39 and 40, the same extending below and above the-cross bar 38. The stub shafts 39 and 40 carry ontheir upper ends pinions 41 and 42, and at their bases contact with and are journaled in a cross bar 43. The stub shafts carry also guide pulleys 44 and 45 intermediate the cross bars 38 and 43, by means of which and in conjunction with guide roll 45 fixed to the cross bar 38, guide loop 46 fixed adjacent one end of the cross bar 43, and guide loo 47 secured to the end of a support 48 de en ing from the end of the cross bar 43, t e yarn strand is led into a twisting mechanism and guided into contact and engagement with the spool 49. An auxiliary guide loop 50 suspended from a support 51 at the other end of the cross bar 43 may also be used 7 wllien the circumstances make its use desira e.

The feed mechanism of the twister is embodied in a sleeve 55 carrying a drive pulley 56 at its top and a gear 57 at its base. The gear 57 is adapted to mesh with and drive the pinions 42 and thus regulate the feed of the yarn elements through the twister.

The 'spool 49 is mounted upon a supporting rod 52 and is adapted to have vertical sliding movement thereupon, between the cross bar 43 attached to the top of said rod 52 and the base plate 53 uponwhich the twist- .ing mechanism is mounted. Reciprocation of the spool 49 to obtain the deposition of the yarn upon the spool in successive layers is secured by any suitable mechanism. A diagrammatic form of reciprocating mechanism is indicated in Fig. 1, consisting of a lever 60 pivoted at 61, having a longer arm 62 to the end of which is attached a roller contact 65. The roller 63 is adapted to contact with the lower flange of the spool 49 and the roller 65 is ada ted to make contact with a heart shaped tation of the cam 66 will caum reciprocation of the spool 49 upon the rod 52 thereby permittilng proper placing of the yarn upon the s 00 The consecutive operative steps of the process should be apparent from the description as above indicated. 1 Beginning with the roll of tape as secured from a slitting machine, the various steps involve: first, a moistening of the paper to loosen the binder, second, a feeding of the moistened cam 66 mounted for rotation at 67. It is apparent that roment wrapped around the exterior of the fibre stock tends to hold all the loose fibres firmly relative to the strand. It is evident I fibres of relatively that the use of this auxiliary wrapping filament permits the use in the yarn stock of short length, such for example, as would of necessity, be used in the mineral yarns made of asbestos. The structure of the yarn in perspective and cross section is brought out in Figs. Ii and 4.

Attention is directed to certain specific features of the method and apparatus as indicated in Fig. 1. It is pointed out that the operation is continuous from the tape 10 and'spools 18 and 19 to the spool 49, the various elements in their passage from these points, being always under various stresses and the final yarn being secured only upon being wound upon the spool 49. Particularly above the twister proper 32 to the spools 18 and 19, the wires 30 and 31 are subjected to a twist throughout their length and consequently as-the tape 9 enters the guide loop 28, it is subjected to the action of the twisting and is immediately wrapped about the wire. The twist intermediate the loop 28 and the twister 32 is not, however, close, the twisting mechanism 32 giving the torsion requisite to produce the solid compact twist as appears in the final yarn. It is desirable that not too great twisting stress be applied in the preliminary steps, inasmuch as the tape being moist and formed of a non-coherent agglomeration of the fibres, is subject to breakage. Further, in order to have a smooth product without the necessity of passing the strand through a rubbing mechanism, there is a limit to the rate 0 movement and the degree of twist which is readily obtainable by the apparatus employed.

It has been found that the use of a loop as shown in Fi 1 causes the tape to be wrapped about t e wire in a manner which eliminates lumps in the final yarn,-the result being a smooth strand of uniform dimension which canbe readily employed for weaving into various fabrics. The loop 28 is constructed so that its diameter is somewhat less than that of the width of the tape the tape upon entering this loop being there y crowded together and directed into proper alignment with the core or filament 31.

While the apparatus as indicated in the drawing and described above relate to a specific embodiment of the invention, it is obvious that the showing is diagrammatic and that variations may be made within the spirit of'the invention. For example, instead of the loop guide means shown in Fig. 1, it may be expedient to employ a roller guide arrangement as indicated in Fig. 5 of the drawing. In this figure there is shown a guide pulley 80 having peripheral flanges 81 forming guide way for the tape 82 unwinding from the roll of tape 83. Adjacent the infeed side of the pulley 80 is a spool 83 of wire 84 which is ada ted to be fed with the tape 82 on to the pu ey 80 and thence into the twister 32. In this mechanism the twisting effect is carried from the top of the twister'to the pulley 80, so that the tape is wrapped about the wire 83 at a point rela-' tively near the pulley 80, and below this point a second wire 85 .adapted to be unwound from a spool 86, is fed into union with and wrapped aboutthe strand 87, and the whole unit is fed into the twister 32, emerging as a yarn similar to that obtained by the modification of Fig. 1. It is to be, however, expressly understood, so far as the method is concerned, that I do not limit myself to the construction illustrated and described herein, as the method is not dependent in any wise upon said apparatus but may he obviously carried out in practice by apparatus other than that covered by the apparatus claims herein without departing from the true spirit and scope of my invention. It is also to be expressly understood that I do not limit myself to the exact steps of the process herein described as many changes may be made and even modifications resorted to without deviating from the true spirit and scope of my invention as defined by the annexed claims. It will be seen that in the resulting yarn, the strip or band and the two filaments are combined, with the tension filament or wire located substantially along the axis preferably in a coiled, twisted or undulated form, and another filament or wire located at or near the surface of the urn. The distortions or undulations of the core may be increased by using the arrangement shown in Fig. 5 in which the filament 85 exerts a considerable side pull on the strand 87.

In the modification of Fig. 1, while the process has been described as referring specifically to the employment of two wires 30 and 31 on asingle tape 9, it is evident that variation in the number of these units may be made as demands of the final products make expedient. For example, instead of one wire 30 being used as a core of tension reinforcement for the strand, two or more such wires may be utilized and two or more paper strips may also be employed to give greater body to the yarn. Use may also be made of two or more wires or filaments entering the loop 29 to be wrap ed about the preliminary strand forv bin in reinforcement, and further variations in t e type of filament used may be made such as the employment of wire for the core of the yarn and various long fibred threads for the exterior or vice versa. Such employment of wire for the core is disclosed in my copending application, Serial No. 654,118, {filed July 27, I923.

The apparatus and process described has been found particularly useful in connection with the manufacture of yarn from asbestos. The normal asbestos fibre is short and as compared with a vegetable fibre, is relatively smooth, lacking the coherence of cotton, ]11t8, hemp and the like, and consequently it has been found extremely difficult to form a smooth yarn of sufliciently small dimensions and sufficient coherence for usein weaving operations without the use of some auxiliary holding means for preventing disintegration of the fibrous structure. 'By the present method it is possible not only to make a yarn of small cross section out of asbestos fibre, but also make a yarn which resists unravelling and disintegration, due to wear and tear. Advantageous results may be obtained by the employment of an external filamentary wire or thread about the exterior of the strand.

In asbestos yarns formed principally of asbestos paper-like material or strips or bands thereof, there is in many cases a tendency of the paper-like material to become relatively hard and stiff in the finished yarn and also in the fabric. Under these conditions there is a tendency to breaka e in the hard surface of such yarns. Such ardness and stifiness and conse uent tendency to cracking at the surface 0 the yarn is under many conditions decidedly undesirable. Such disadvantages are avoided to a great extent in the yarn of the present invention due to the breaking up of the hard surface by the binding filament 31 which, as shown in In some yarns, moreover, it ma Fig. 4, is embedded in the asbestos paperlike material at the surface of the yarn. I have found that if the filaments employed are made of vegetable fibre, such as cotton, a superior yarn results; that is to say a am that is soft, flexible, of more uni orm strength and easier to weave. This species of the invention forms, in part, the subject matter of my co ending application Serial No. 712,970, file May 13 1924.

Means for loosening the binder of the paper strip have been referred to as includmg moistening of the same, but other means may be employed successfully such as mechanical manipulation or working of the strip. The loosening of the binder, while assisting in the process is not essential, as

am may be made without disturbing the lnder of the paper, but breakage is more apt to occur when the binder is not loosened.

able to remove the binder partia l or com pletely, and this may be accomp ished by rinitting the liquid to dissolve out the inder or the binder may be worked or burned out of the strip.

Note should be made that the plate 14 may be formed as a tray adapted to receive liquid so that the tap: rolls 10 may be saturated immediately fore use on the machine.

It should be understood that the term be desirasbestos material, wherever it appears in the specification and claims, is intended to refer to material having a substantial percentage of asbestos fibres, such as to give more or less the characteristics of asbestos as far as working and handling are concerned, and the term asbestos material where used in the specification and claims shall be considered as thus defined.

From the foregoing it will be seen that I have devised a new method of manufacturing asbestos yarn from asbestos paperlike material, or from one or more paperlike strips or bands of asbestos material, bound with sufficient cohesiveness and tenacity and adapted for yarn manufacture which, in its broad aspect, comprises associating said pa er-like material with a plurality of metal ic or non-metallic reinforcing filaments to form a yarn; or which comprises associating a plurality of paper-like strips or bands of asbestos material with one or more metallic or non-metallic filaments to form a yarn; or which includes forming a reinforced or unreinforced strand comprising asbestos paper-like material and arranging a reinforcing filament helically around said strand. In the specific method described and claimed it will be noted that one of the filaments, specifically referred to herein as the tension or supporting filament, supports and carries the asbestos material in subsequent steps of yarn making. The asbestos material immediately becomes loosely associated with the tension filament after which a second filament, specifically referred to herein as the binding filament, is combined with the asbestos material and the first filament to securely bind and hold the former to the latter. In the embodiment of the invention illustrated this is accomplished by a twisting of the asbestos material and the filaments. The association of the paper-like material with the first or tension filament may be done in a variety of ways and by different kinds of eontrivanoes so far as the broad features of my'invention are concerned, as by encasing, wrapp' or twistingbthese two elements to her. (I the com ining with the pa rike material and the first or tension ament of a second filament also may be performed in a variety of ways and by different contrivances so far as the broa features of my invention are concerned, as by wrapp' winding or twisting with the aper-like material and the first or tension ament of Ill method comprises ferring further to specific features like to form a yarn, thus helically arranging thecomponent parts of the yarn. It will also be apparent, so far as specific features of my invention are concerned, that the bestos material about the first or tension filaments and thereafter producing in the first or tension filament undulations or dis- ,tortions by applying a second or binding filament helically around the asbestos material and the first or tension filament. Re-

of my invention, still having reference to the method, special mention is hereby made of the softening or moistening step of the process which enables the asbestos pa ermaterial to readily conform to, com ine with and to be bound by'the respective filaments, the better enabhn the asbestos material to be combined wit the undulations or distortions of the core and also enabling the bindin filament or filaments to be embedded, he ically or otherwise, in said material and thus producing a yarn the fibrous material of which cannot be stripped from the filamentary means. And in this connection it is to be observed that my invention contemplates the use also of a lurality of what I have termed tension la ments as well as a plurality of binding filaments. In carrying out my process, however, it will be noted that an important feature resides in the fact that the asbestos material is located between the respective filaments, thus enabling a yarn to be manufactured of even texture and strength and the surface of which is exceedingly uniform and therefore well adapted for weaving. The filaments may be of any suitable mate rial de ding upon the specific uses to which e yarn is put, but 1? have found that by employin metallic filaments in the process of'manu acture certain alvantageous results are achieved.

It will also be noted from the foregoing that I have produced a new yarn having several new and marked properties, qualities and characteristics chief of which have been ointed out above in the statement of the o jects of the invention in view of which and in view of the statemantof invention in the preceding paragraph concerning the new method a detailed statement of this part of my invention is believed to be unnecessary, and, with a view to avoid prolixity of escription, is omitted herefrom.

, There is also illustrated, described and claimed herein a machine for practicing the new method and for produc' the new yarn but I do not limit myself t ereto so far as the apparatus claims are concerned, much less in the practicing of the method illustrated thereby, as n'ianychanges may be madein points of detail and other emthe association of the asbodiments resorted to without departing from the true spirit and scope of my invention as defined by the apparatus claims appended hereto.

Various other modifications of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art, the scope of the invention being determined only by the claims hereto appended.

What is claimed is:

l. A process of making yarn from paper strip held together by binding material, which includes softening the binding material of the strip, twisting the strip with a filament to form a strand, and introducing, at an intermediate stage of the twisting, a reinforcing element to be twisted with the strand.

2. A process of making yarn, which includes forming paper strip of asbestos material and binding material to hold together the fibres thereof, softening the binding material, twisting the strip with a core to form a strand, and twisting together the strand and a filament.

3. A process of making yarn from paper strip formed with a suitable binder, which includes combining the strip and a core in twisted relation to form a strand and, during a later stage of such strand forming, combining the strand and a reinforcing element in twisted relation.

4. In apparatus for making yarn, a twisting device, means cooperating with said device for forming a loosely and smoothly twisted strand from a paper strip and a reinforcing element, and other means cooperating with the twisting device for forming a yarn with a ti hter twist from said loosely twisted strand element.

' 5. In apparatus for making yarn, twisting means, means for so supporting a strip roll as to permit the strip to be drawn freely therefrom in a directiontransverse to the plane thereof means including a ide to determine the direction of pres entation of the strip to the twistin'g means, means for bringin a reinforcing element into engagement with said guide in juxtaposition with said strip to be twisted therewith into a strand, and means for applying a second reinforcigg element to said strand at a point spac from said guide to be twisted with said strand to form a yarn. v V

6. In apparatus for making yarn, twisting means, means for so supporting a strip roll as to permit the strip to be drawn freely therefrom in a directiontransverse to the plane thereof, means including a ide to determinethe direction of wlthrawal of'the strip from the roll, a second guide for determining the direction of presentation of the strip to the twisting and a. second reinforcing means, means for bringing a reinforcing element into engagement with the second guide in juxtaposition with said strip for twisting therewith into a strand, and means for applying a second reinforcin element to said strand at a point spaced rom said second guide to be twisted with said strand to form a yarn.

7. In apparatus for making yarn, twisting means, means for so supporting a strip roll as to permit the strip to be drawn freely therefrom in a direction transverse to the plane thereof, means including a guide to determine the direction of presentation of the strip to the twisting means, means for hringin a reinforcing element into engagement with said guide in juxtaposition with said strip to be twisted therewith into a strand and means for applying a second rein orcin element to said strand at a point space from said guide to be twisted with said strand to form a yarn, said applying means including a guide spaced from the strip guide and positioned at about the same distance from the twisting means as the strip guide.

8. A process of making yarn, which ineludes feeding a plurality of yarn elements simultaneously through a common guide loop, feeding another element into juxtaposition witn the first mentioned elements at a uniting point spaced from said loop, and twisting said elements together to form a preliminary yarn between the loop and the uniting point, and a final yarn beyond said uniting point.

9. A process of. making yarn, which includesfeeding a plurality of yarn elements to a uniting point, feeding at least one other element into juxtaposition with the first mentioned elements at a second uniting point spaced. from the first, and twisting said elements together to form a re liminar yarn between said uniting points and a a1 yarn beyond the second uniting point.

10. A process of making yarn, which includes feeding two spaced filamentary elements to a uniting point, applying an: other yarn element to one of said filamentary elements at a uniting point spaced from the first mentioned uniting point, and twisting all of said elements together after; passing the first mentioned uniting pom 11. A yarn formed of a thin paper-like strip of fibrous asbestos material having a tension reinforcement about which said strip is twisted and a binding reinforcement.

12. A yarn formed of asbestos paper strip wrapped about a holding core to form a strand and reinforced by a filament in twisted relationship with the strand.

13. A yarn formed of asbestos material in a paper-like strip with a starch binder, a wire tension reinforcement for said strip and a wire binding reinforcement for said strip.

14. An asbestos yarn formed of asbestos paper strip material having a central core filament and an external binding filament, the external filament being embedded in the paper strip material.

15. A yarn formed of a strip of asbestos material and binding material for holding the fibres together, a core with which said strip is twlsted to form a strand, and a filament twisted with said strand and embedded in the asbestos material.

16. A continuous process of making asbestos yarn, which consists in twisting together a strip and a filament to form a strand and applying to the strand thus formed a second filament twisted therewith.

17. A process of making yarn which includes forming a paper strip of asbestos material, of which the fibres are held together by a workable binder, twisting the strip with a core of at least one filament to form a strand, and'twistin the strand with at least one filament to orm a final yarn.

18. A process of making yarn which includes forming a. pal containing asbestos material, forming said ulp into a web of sufiicient strength to wit stand slittin'g, slitting the web into strips of suitable width, twisting one of said strips with a reinforcing element to form a strand, and twisting sald strand with a second reinforcing element to form a yarn.

19. A process of making yarn which includes formin a pulp containin asbestos material and binding material, orming a web from such pulp rendered sufficiently strong by said binding material to withstand slittin slitting said web into strips of suitable width, twisting one of said strips with a reinforcing-element to form a strand,

and twisting said strand with a second reinforcing element to form a yarn.

, 20. A process of making yarn from fibrous material which includes forming the fibre into paper strip made coherent by a binder, softening the binder and twisting the strip with a plurality of filamentary elements positioned on opposite sides of the strip.

21. A process of making yarn from asbestos paper strip which consists in feeding a paper strip and a reinforcing element simultaneously through a common guide loop, subsequentl combining a second reinforcing element wit said strip beyond said loop, and final] twisting said strip with the reinforcing e ements.

22. A process of maklng yarn from fibrous material which includes formin the fibre into paper strip, softening the binding material of said strip, passing the strip and a filamentary element together through a guide loop, and uniting a second filamentary element to the strip at a point without the loop, the first element being on one side, and the second element on the other side of the strip.

23. A process of making yarn from fibrous material which includes forming the fibre into paper strip, softening the binding material of said strip, passing the strip and a filamentary element together through a guide loop, uniting a second filamentary element to the strip at a point without the loop, the first element being on one side, and the second element on the other side of the strip, and finally twisting together the strip and filamentary elements.

24. A method of making asbestos yarn for the manufacture of fabrics and other pur poses, which includes binding and forming asbestos material into a thin uniform paperlike strip or band of sufficient cohesiveness and tenacity to undergo subsequent strand and yarn forming operations, twisting the strip or band with a filament to form a strand, and introducing a reinforcing element at an intermediate stage of the twisting to be twisted with the strand to form a yarn,

25. A method of making asbestos yarn for the manufacture of fabrics and other purposes, which includes binding and forming asbestos material into a thin uniform paper-like strip or band of. suflicient cohesiveness and tenacity to undergo subsequent strand and yarn forming operations, combining the strip about a relnforcing core to form a strand, and finally twisting the strand with a reinforcing filament to form a 26. A method of making asbestos yarn for the manufacture of fabrics and other purposes, which comprises the steps of binding and forming asbestos material into a thin uniform paper-like strip or band of suflicient cohesiveness and tenacity to undergo subsequent strand and yarn forming operations, moistening the materials in said strip or band, twisting the moistened strip or band about a reinforcing core to form a strand, and at alater stage twisting said strand in moistened condition with a filament to form a yarn.

27. A method of making asbestos yarn for the manufacture of fabrics and other purposes, which comprises binding and forming asbestos material into a thin uniform paper-like strip or band of sufficient cohesiveness and tenacity to undergo subsequent strand and yarn forming operations, softening said stri or band, combining said softened strip or and with a filament to form a strand, and thereafter twisting the strand in moistened condition with a second filament to form a yarn.

28. A method of making asbestos yarn for the manufacture of fabrics and other purposes, which comprises binding and forming asbestos material into a thin uniform paper-like strip or band of sufficient cohesiveness and tenacity to undergo subse quent strand and yarn forming operations, and twisting the strip or band with a plurality of reinforcing filaments to form a yarn.

29, A method of making asbestos yarn for the manufacture of fabrics and other pur poses, which comprises binding and forming asbestos material into a thin uniform paperlike strip or band of sufficient cohesiveness and tenacity to undergo subsequent strand and yarn forming operations, and twisting the strip or band with a plurality of reinforcing tilaments with the strip located between said filaments to form a yarn.

30. A method of making asbestos yarn for the manufacture of fabrics and other purposes, which comprises binding and forming asbestos material into a thin uniform paperlike strip or band of sufficient cohesiveness and tenacity to undergo subsequent strand and yarn forming operations, moistening said strip or band, and twisting the moistened strip or band with a plurality of reinforcing filaments to form a yarn.

31. A method of making asbestos yarn for the manufacture of fabrics and other purposes, which comprises forming asbestos material united withbinding material into a thin uniform paperslike strip or band of sufficient cohesiveness and tenacity to undergo subsequent strand and yarn forming operations, twisting the moistened strip or band with a plurality of reinforcing filaments to form a yarn.

32. A method of making asbestos am for the manufacture of fabrics and ot er purposes, which comprises binding and forming asbestos material into a thin uniform paperlike strip or band of sufiicient cohesiveness and tenacity to undergo subsequent'strand and yarn forming operations, moistening said strip or band, and twisting the moistened strip or band between a plurality of reinforcing filaments.

33. An asbestos yarn comprising one ormore paper-like strips of fibrousasbestos material associated with a wire tension filament and secured thereto by a binding filament.

34. An asbestos arn comprising asbestos paper-like material associated with one or more wire tension filaments and secured thereto by one or more binding filaments.

35. An asbestos yarn comprising a. metallic core, asbestos paper-like material positioned about the core, and one or more'metallic filaments binding said material and core together.

moistening said strip or band, andasbestos yarn comprising a metalno i having undulations elongthe bound with e core end bound thereto by e elicelly an 88.An arn oomprisi papal-like essociated is one or more tension'filaments and secured thereto by one ormore binding filementse r 89. An asbestos yarn comprising asbestos msterielin e strip; conteininfi bindlnfi -mteriel,- Ii tension reinfom mon for sei strip, and a binding reiniorcement for aid stri men :ynmcom e peperlike strip of asbestos metensl und towith snflnientoohesivenes and tenselty for yarn manufacture, e lne ellm lien sicn filament having undulations, 'sndsmetellic '1 filament;

LL-An -w yarn comprising s core hsving undulsti along the longitudinal length theseofl-eebestospsper-lilee materiel positioned about .the co ,end filamentary means forhol the msterial'in the depressions o the un uletiom of said core to reventthe strippingof the magi-i211 fiomthecore. v 1-0 :1 I: yarn m Hung a com I 8 en thereo asbestos e mntennl t eohgisgess endtenacit for yarn man 't'thecosnd mesnsfo holding the "I the depressions of the undulations of said core toventthe stripping of the ma ixom-'fl1ec0re.

' s'metslcity to under asbestos cient cohesi end strand and yarn formingdoglelrdstions in msfely combined with an or distortions by'msens 0'! 1; binding filament to reventthedsrippingfromth'ecoreofthe es urn com a metal lie core he. ul idulntion ns alongitslongi l msterisl resent in the yarn in flexible psper-like ormstlon end intimately combined with said undulations or distortions by meens of e metallic binding filament to'ptevmt the from theoore ottheasbestosmstem it. An eshestosysrn d metallic core he tortione dong its le per-like vmg un one or dislongltndinel length, and

reeent'in the in flexm i zi timstely ormetion ralit'y' of wire helices ma, com

nhcture end positioned com rising'etwist- .li m resentin the combined-withendunitedtoeeld'undule mgefllei'v t emmhfiieoomofthe 87.A.nssbestoserncomprisingspe r- -W-M likestripofmsterul le'eede ut flhnosbestos yerncomp ngs'pluere- bmed th with, asbestos pl withsufllcient cohesiveness-end tenacity to gindergo strsnd end yarn forming opera,- e 47. Anaebestos yarn coxfig-ising a plus ty of wire helices end, co ined therewi n helical arrangement, asbestos per-like material bound with suflicient and tenacity for yarn menu! An asbestos yarn comprising e plurality of wire hehces end; essocisted therewith, one or more stri b'eetos ps r-liloe materiel bound with suificlentco eslvenes's and tenacity to undergo strand and yarn forming operations.

49. An asbestos yarn relity of wire helices and, und thereby, one or more helicslly arranged stn or bonds of asbestos paper-like l'nsterisl guild mechanically binding said ps r-lihe mate rial and tension filament to or of; d filam Gilt.

proceeso ms an: m which comprises binding-end form esb'estos materiel into a pepe'r-libe strip fir band of snflicient cohesiveness end tenscety to undergo f subsequent strand and yer-n operations, mechanically associe t e strip or band with a tension filemen end mechsnicelly bindin said strip or. bend and filament together means of s second'filsment.

or bends of eseomgrising n pluem band like material bound :52. A. mntinuons process of ashes the urn froma spot-like stri or d'of ssbe e tos ms'teri bound with ufioient cohesivenw endtenecity to undergo subsequent mechanical strand end yarn formini operations which comprises the steps 0 mechanics yessocisting said strip or bend with's tension filament; and of mechanically errsn 1; binding filament helical] erounfi tie strip and the tension filemen fiaiprocess ofm which consists in fo e der-like materiel, mechenicslly emoci one or more of the strips with s core 0 it least one filament, and mechanically binding such psrte together by et ltest one other file ment.

of asbestos materiel. unite with bindmgw w from asbestos 54. A method of making asbestos yarn aper-like material bound with sufiicient co esiveness and tenecit and ads ted for yarn mannfactm'e, whic inclu es the steps of moistening said paperlike material, mec y associating the moistened paper-like material with a core and mechanically arranging a filament helilfelly around such parts to bind them tot er. b! A method of makin asbestos yam for the manflfafiture of fn rigs (and otherurposes, w 1 comprises m an unning asbestos material into a p ii cr-like strip or band of suflicient cohesiveness and tenacity to undergo subsequent mechanical strand and yarn forming o erations, and mechanically associating sai strip or band with a tension filament and a binding filament to form a yarn with the tension filament having undulations therein.

56. A method of maki asbestos yarn for the manufacture of in rice and other urposes, which comprises binding and arming asbestos material into a paper-like strip or band of suflicient cohesiveness and tenacity to undergo subsequent mechanical strand and yarn forming o rations, and mechanically associatin sai strip or band in moist condition wit a tension filament and a bin filament to form a yam with the tension am'ent having undulations and with the binding filament arranged helicall 5;. A. process of making asbestos yarn, which consists in binding and forming esbestos material into a paper-like strip or band, mechanically associating the strip with one reinforcing filament to form a strand, and mechanically twisting together the strand and a second reinforcing filament.

58. A process of making m yarn. which consists in binding and forming asbestos material into a per-like strip or band, mechanically twisting the strip with a core to form a strand, and mechanically ing arran a binding filament helically aroun said strand.

59. A process of making asbestos yarn from paper-like material bound with suflicient ooheeiv and tenacity to under subsequent mechanical strand and yarn orming operations, which comprises the step of uniting by mechamcal means the aper-Iike materi and a plurahtyof arcing filaments toform a yarn with the filaments separated by said strip. w

60. A. process of asbestos am for the manufacture of fabrics and 0 er purwhich comprises binding and formmg aebedos material into a paper-like strip or band of suflicient cohesiveness and tenacity to undergo subsequent mechanical strand and yarn forming o erations, mechanically arranging the 'p or band .bestos papeblike matefi mczll bindin g *i't-i'ii'ifigfi 1" ear or a helicelfy arranged fil euk y 61. A method of making asbestos material formed into a like strip or band bound with suflioient cohesivenese and tenaeig and adapted for yam manufacture, win comprises moistenmg said strip orv mechanically arran the moistened or band about a amenttotormaetranaandmechanically combining saidstrand and a binding filament to form a with the binding filament arranged in 6 2. A process of making aabes' toe yarn which comprises bin and in associafinfilsaid paper-like material about a tension ament, and rod in said tensigghfilamen mnt and1y one gr min by m am y a in a mdmg 'filament hehcally lround fiie piper-like material and texgonfllament. y

m .3 l-: which coiiiprises bin and f "a paper-like materi aa secreting said pulsar-like material about a metallic arm-e, producing in said core undulations or distortionby telly ap lying a metallic binding filament y around thupaper-like material and core.

oneormomoialidatripsorban moistenln said stripe, plurality of strips and strips a com intcaltrandinw theeore to and arnt 7 i l! of laments in helical ar is deformed alongitelongitudinal length. 4

asbestos yarn 66. In a process of the following steps: to of asbestos material and wor z; 1 v er w I asbestoem ttmgthe finished into strips, andincorpo by mechanical insane a l 'ty of p5 of the finished paper an one or moi-erercmg filaments intwieted 67. A method Of from per-like stti material bound and tenacity to u e quent mechanwhich comical strand forming operations,

I 1 e 5m ,or'bands of anflicient coheeivenem relation.

prises the steps of softening said strips or bands, and of mechanically combining one or more of said softened strips or bands with a plurality of filaments to form a yarn.

68. A method of making asbestos yarn for the manufacture of fabrics and other purposes, which comprises the steps of forming uniform paper-like strips or bands of asbestos material bound with suflicient cahesiveness and tenacity to undergo subsequent mechanical strand forming operations, and of combining by mechanical means one or more of said strips or bands with a plurality of filaments to form a yarn.

69. A method of making asbestos yarn from paper-like strips or bands of asbestos material bound with suliicient cohesiveness and tenacity and adapted for yarn manufacture, which comprises moistcning a plurality of said strips or bands, mechanically advancing said strips or bands, and mechanically combining the moist advancing strips or bands with one or more filaments to form a yarn.

70. A process of making asbestos yarn which comprises binding and forming asbestos paper-like material of sufficient cohesiveness and tenacity to undergo subsequent mechanical strand and yarn forming operations, and of mechanically combining said paper-like material with a plurality of filaments to form a yarn.

71. A method of making asbestos yarn for the manufacture of fabrics anal other purposes, which comprises binding and forming asbestos material into thin uni-form paperlike strips or hands of sufficient cohesiveness andtenacity to undergo subsequent mechanical strand and yarn forming operations, and mechanically uniting one or more of said strips or bands with a plurality of filaments in helical arrangement to form a yarn, at least one of said filaments being a wire. i

72. A method of making asbestos yarn for the manufacture of fabrics including forming strips of asbestos material, the fibres of which are held together by binding material which ermits the strips to be worked, and com ining by mechanical means one or more stri s with a plurality of metallic reinforcing laments to form a yarn, .r

73. The process of making yarn from asbestos material including forming the material into strips, the fibres of which are held together by binding material, moistening the binding material in said strips, mechanically uniting a plurality of strips with a metallic core which takes a set when deformed, and mechanically twisting the metallic core and strips into a yarn in which the metallic core is deformed along its lon gitudinal length. i

74. In a process of making asbestos yarn the followin steps: forming dry finished paper of as estos material and workable binding material securing together the fibres of said asbestos material, slitting the finished paper into strips, and incorporating into a yarn by mechanical means a plurality of strips of the finished paper in twisted relation with one or more metallic reinforcing elements.

75. A method of making asbestos yarn for the manufacture of fabrics and other purposes, which comprises the steps of binding and forming asbestos material nno rmn uniform paper-like strips or bands of sulficient cohesiveness and tenacity to undergo subsequent mechanical strand forming operations, of softening said strips or hands, and of mechanically combining one or more of said softened strips or bands with a plu rality of metallic reinforcing filaments to form a strand.

76. A method of making asbestos yarn for the manufacture of fabrics and other purposes, which comprises the steps of binding and forming asbestos material into thin uniform paper-like strips or bands ,of sufiicient cohesiveness and tenacity to undergo subsequent mechanical strand forming operations, and of mechanically combining one or more of said strips or bands with a plurality of metallic reinforcing filaments to form a strand.

77. A method of making asbestos yarn for the manufacture of fabrics and other purposes, which comprises binding and forming asbestos material into thin uniform paperlike strips or bands of sufficient cohesiveness and tenacity to undergo subsequent mechanical strand and yarn forming operations, moistening a plurality of said strips or hands, mechanically advancing said strips or bands, and mechanically combining the moist advancing strips or bands with one or more metallic reinforcing filaments to form a yarn.

78. A process of making asbestos yarn which comprises binding and forming asbestos paper-like material of sufficient cohesiveness and tenacity to undergo subsequent mechanical strand and yarn forming operations and of mechanically combining said paper-like material with a plurality of reinforcing filaments to form a yarn, at least one of said filaments being a wire.

79. A process of making asbestos yarn which comprises binding and forming asbestos material into thin uniform paper-like strips or bands of sufficient cohesiveness and tenacity to undergo subsequent mechanical strand and yarn forming operations, and mechanically uniting a plurality of said strips or bands with one or more filaments to form a strand or a yarn.

80. A method of making asbestos yarn from asbestos paper-like material bound with sufiicient cohesiveness and tenacity and adapted for yarn manufacture, which comprises mechanically advancing said paperlike material and a plurality of reinforcing filaments, and mechanically tvvistin said paper-like material with said reini orcing filaments to form a yarn. I

81. A method of making asbestos yarn from asbestos paper-like material bound with sutiicicnt cohesiveness anrl tenacity and adapted for yarn manufacture, which comirises moisteuing said paper-like material, mechanically advancing: said moist paperlike material and a plurality of reinforw ing filaments, and mechanically twisting said moist paper-like material with said reinforcing filaments to form a yarn.

82. A method of making asbestos yarn from asbestos paper-like material bound with suflieient cohesiveness and tenacity and adapted for yarn manufacture, which includes forming a strand comprising said asbestos paper-like material, and arranging a filament helically around said strand to form a yarn.

83. An asbestos yarn formed of a strand comprising asbestos paper-like material and a filament helically arranged around said strand, said paper-like material being bound with sufficient cohesiveness and tenacity and adapted for yarn manufacture.

In testimony whereof, I affix my signa ture.

JOHN ALLEN HEANY.

with suliicient cohesiveness and tenacity and adapted for yarn manufacture, which comprises mechanically advancing said paperlike material and a plurality of reinforcing filaments, and mechanically twistim said paper-like material with said rein orcing filaments to form a yarn.

81. A method of making asbestos yarn from asbestos paper-like material bound with sutlivient cohesiveness and tenacity and adapted for yarn manufacture, which comprises moistening said paper-like material, mechanically advancing: said moist paperlike material and a plurality of reinforcingr filaments, and lliccliallieally twisting said moist paper-like material with said reintorcing filaments to form a yarn.

82. A method of making asbestos yarn from asbestos paper-like material bound with sufficient cohesiveness and tenacity and adapted for yarn manufacture, which includes forming a strand comprising said asbestos paper-like material, and arranging a filament helically around said strand to form a yarn.

83. An asbestos yarn formed of a strand comprising asbestos paper-like material and a filament helically arranged around said strand, said paperdike material being bound with sufficient cohesiveness and tenacity and adapted for yarn manufacture.

In testimony whereof, I aflix my signature.

JOHN ALLEN HEANY.

Certificate of Correction.

'It is hereby certified that in Letters Patent No. 1,585,613, granted May 18, 1926, upon the application of John Allen Heany, of New Haven, Connecticut, for an improvement in Yarn and Mechanism for and Processes of Making the Same, an error appears in the printed specification requiring correction as follows: Page 8, line 11:), claim 3:2, after the word filaments and before the period insert the words to form a yarn; and that the said Letters Patent should be read with this correction therein that the same may conform to the record of the case in the Patent Office.

Signed and sealed this 24th day of August, A. D. 1926.

M. J. MOORE, Acting Commissioner of Patents.

Certificate of Correction.

It is hereby certified that in Letters Patent No. 1,585,613, granted May 18, 1926, upon the application of John Allen Henny, of New Haven, Connecticut, for an improvement in Yarn and Mechanism for and Processes of Making the Same, an error appears in the printed specification requiring correction as follows: Page 8, line 1113, claim 31L after the word filaments and before the period insert the words to form a yarn; and that the said Letters Patent should be read with this correction therein that the same may conform to the record of the case in the Patent Office.

Signed and sealed this 24th day of August, A. D. 1926.

[SEAL] M. J. MOORE,

Acting Uommiseimwr of Patents.

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