US1579164A - Driving and forming cast-in-place piles - Google Patents

Description

March 3&126. mmm a J. H. THORNLEY DRIVING AND FORMING CAST-IN-PLACE FILES Filed Oct. 12, 1922 Patented Mar. 32, I926.

stares mmlfie PATENT @FWQE.

JOSEPH HARRY THORNLEY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

DRIVING AND FORMING- CA ST-IN-PLACE FILES.

Application filed October 12, 1922. Serial No. 593,990.

viding of improved means for both the driving of the forms for the concrete and for withdrawing the same after the concrete has been deposited in place. One method of placing concrete piles generally is known as the British Journal method. This method consists of the driving into the ground of an iron point, cylindrical form and 'a' supporting dolly. The iron point is first placed in position and the cylindrical form lowered upon it. The dolly is placed inside the cylinder supporting it whilereceiving the blows of the hammer. The whole is driven into theground in the ordinary manner of pile driving. Upon the requisite depth being reached. the dollyis withdrawn'and the cylinder filled with a semi-liquid concrete. The cylinder isthen withdrawn, the concrete pile being left inthe ground. My invention in partieular is for an improved apparatus for driving the cylindrical form and its supporting dolly and for withdrawing the cylindrical form after the concrete has been deposited.

My inventionconsists of; the novel devices hereinafter shown and described and possesses numerous advantages which I will also indicate.

Referring to the drawing,

Fig. 1 shows a front elevation of a pile driver having my improved auxiliary driving meansshown. In this figure the point, the cylindrical form and the dolly are about to be driven into the ground.

Figure 2 shows a front elevation of a pile driver after the driving operation has been completed and when the cylindrical form 1 is being withdrawn from the ground. The

device shown in this figure illustrates my improved means of withdr'aiving the cylindrical form.

Figure 3 is a side sketch of the pile driver showing the whole fran'iework. v

In the drawings I have illustrated my device as shown in its preferred form and I will proceed to describe the same in detail.

. My invention, however, is not/limited to this particular form but may be used in other ways as can. readily be understood. Like numerals in the drawings refer to like parts throughout.

In its preferred form a hammer 2 is carried upon a pile driver 1. The hammer 2 is preferably of a steam hammer type. cross arm 3 is pivotaly attached to the head of the hammer as shown at 4. At the ends of the cross arm there are attached pulleys 5. Corresponding pulleys 10 are removably attached to the bed frame 9 which bears the weight of the pile driver frame and also bears the hoisting apparatus 13. The cables 7 11 run through pulleys 5, 5, 10, 10, and back tothehoist 13 which is adapted to operate the pulleys by applying a pull drawing them together. The whole pile driver and particularly the bed frame 9, as is customary in pile drivers, rests upon the chocks 17 which in turn rest upon rollers 14. The pile driver by means of these rollers can be moved therefore forwards, or backwards. In operation the rollers are supported by running timbers 16.- In Fig. 2 the figures refer to similar parts. It should be noted, however, that pulleys 10 are not then attached to the bed frame 9 but to a collar 12 which is placed under a head 8' of the cylindrical form 8- and therefore whenthe pulleys are drawn together the cylindrical form is withdrawn u Wards.

In active operation my apparatus works as follows:

An iron point 18 for breaking ground is placed in proper position on the ground. A cylindrical form 8 is lowered into place on top of the point 18. The cylindrical form a ing dolly 7 is placed within the cylindrical form as a support for it. The steam hammer 2 drives the cylindrical form, dolly and iron point into the ground at the proper place. During the operation ofdriving the hoist 13 may exert a pull on the cables 11 s an enlarged head 8. A supportwhich run between the pulleys 10, 10, and

to the dolly 7 and the cylindrical form 8.

'The use of the pulleys in this manner fur.- mshes a veryuseful auxiliary driving force.

The pressure applied through the hoist can be a steady and uninterrupted pull as distinguished from the vibratory driving of the steam hammer. This steady driving is particularly useful when the driving takes place in built-up localities and near to other buildings. The vibrations caused during driving by a steam hammer are apt to 1n] ure the foundations of adjacent structures. Unless great care is taken this is particularly true during the early part of the driving operation. On the other hand the soil near the surface is generally soft and in such localities with my device the first part of the driving can frequently be carried on by means of the hoist and pulleys alone, without the use of the steam hammer, saving the latter for use when a greater depth has been reached. The steady anduninterrupted pull of the hoist and cables does not cause any vibration and does not injure foundations of neighboring buildings even though the driving be carried on very close to such buildings. In the drawings and in my description I' have shown the cylindrical form 8 as provided with a ground breaking point 18. This point is generally used but may be omitted without departing from my invention as it is no part thereof.

The driving of the cylindrical form and supporting dolly is carried on in the manner described above until the whole is driven to the requisite depth. The dolly is then withdrawn and freshly mixed concrete filled in its place. IVhen this has been accomplished it is necessary to withdraw the cylindrical form 8. Under the old method this was done by various methods of directly applying a pull to the form to raise it. The result ineach case was that as the pull was applied to raise the form upwards the reaction from such pull was borne by the pile driver frame and the soil on which it was supported. The soil at the surface after a pile has been completed is particularly apt to be soft and the frame will tend to sink into such surface. At times also the force applied to raising the form becomes greater than the weight resting on the newly mixed concrete and tends to make the latter jump. This results in a gap bein formed in the "concrete pile and causes are ing of the concrete in the form resultin in the intrusion of mud and soil. The resultant concrete pile then is spongy and imperfect. In my invention I have overcome these difficulties by providing that the pressure upwards applied to raising the form should be transmitted not to the pile driver frame itself but directly through the hammer and the dolly to the concrete pile which has just been formed and through it to the firm sub-soil at its base. In Fig. 2 I have shown how this is accomplished. That figure illustrates the withdrawing operation after the concrete mixed concrete has been filled in the space 15. The dolly has been replaced on top of the concrete pile formed in the space 15. Hammer 2 rests upon the head 7 of the dolly. The pulleys 5, 5, remain attached to the cross arm 3 pivoted to the hammer at 4.

But the pulleys 10, 10, are unhooked from their connection with the bed-frame 9 and fastened to a collar 12 which is placed and caught under the head 8' of the form 8, When pressure is applied to the cables 11 the pulleys 5, 5, and 10, 10 are drawn towards each other and the cylindrical form 8 is withdrawn from the ground. The force in withdrawing the form 8 is transmitted through the cross arm 3 and hammer 2 to the dolly 7 which rests upon the concrete pile in the space 15. The greater the upward pressure becomes the greater the downward force bears on the concrete pile. The latter is therefore kept in place and the concrete is uniformly and uninterruptedly deposited in the space evacuated by the withdrawal of the form 8. The withdrawal of the form is carried on without any pumping. There is no possibility of the concrete arching or becoming spongy or any tendency for the mud and dirt to rush in and pinch off a section of pile from the rest of the pile.

In the foregoing description I have con sidered my apparatus as being used with a cylindrical form for the concrete mixture. It can readily be observed that the apparatus can be used with forms of other shapes, such as triangles, and such use would not be a departure from my invention. Likewise I have described the apparatus as used in the making of concrete piles. Sometimes it is advantageous to form piles of sand' and gravel or other material, and my apparatus is equally available for such uses. My claims are not to be limited in any way to the forming of concrete piles.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is:

l. A concrete pile forming apparatus comprising a frame, a hammer, a pivoted cross arm borne by said hammer, pulleys attached to said cross arm, other pulleys adapted to be attached to said frame, cables extending over said pulleys to operate same and a hoist connected to the cables.

2 In an apparatus of the character described, a frame, a power hammer mechanism movable vertically with respect to the frame, a cross bar pivoted to said hammer mechanism, pulleys carried by said cross bar, a form adapted to be sunk into and withdrawn from the ground, a collar capable of engagement with the form, and cooperating pulleys adapted to be attached either to the frame or to the collar to assist in sinking or withdrawing the said form from the ground.

3. A concrete pile forming apparatus comprising a form, a supporting dolly, a hammer adapted to drive said form and dolly simultaneously into the ground, and means for withdrawing said form from the ground operated by pressure exerted through said dolly.

4. A concrete pile forming apparatus 2;.- comprising a frame, a power hammer movable vertically with respect to said frame, a form and a supporting dolly adapted to be driven simultaneously into the ground, and means for withdrawing said form from the ground after the same has been filled withpile-forming material, said means comprising pulleys attached respectively to saidform and supporting dolly adapted to sink into and be withdrawn-from the ground, a slidable collar engaging projection on said form, pulleys attached to said hammer, co- Operating pulleys adapted to be attached to said slidable collar, and means for operating said pulleys.

7. The method of forming a pile comprising driving simultaneously a form and a supporting dolly, raising said supporting dolly, filling said form with a pile forming mixture and withdrawing said form by operating tackle so arranged that a lifting force is applied to the form and the dolly is pressed against the formed pile.

. 8. The method of forming a pile comprising driving simultaneously a form and a supporting dolly, raising said supporting dolly, filling said form with a pile forming mixture and withdrawing said form, at the same time transmitting the reaction pressure from said withdrawal through said supporting dolly.

9. The method of forming a cast-in-place pile comprising driving with a hammer a form and a supporting dolly, supplementing said driving operation by operation of tackle connected to said hammer, raising said dolly, filling said form with pile forming material, attaching the tackle connected to said hammer to said form, and withdrawing said form by the operation of said tackle.

In testimony whereof, I have signed my name to this specification.

Josnrn any THORNLEY.

Gil

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